Sedimentology of proglacial rivers in eastern Scotland during the Late Devensian

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Marren
Keyword(s):  
Flood Events ◽  
East Central ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
High Stage ◽  
Discharge Regime ◽  
Depositional Architecture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depositional Elements

ABSTRACTThis paper reconstructs the characteristics of rivers which deposited proglacial fluvial sediments in east-central Scotland during the Late Devensian. Sediment depositional architecture and geometry, together with the relationship between high-stage and falling and low-stage depositional elements, were used to relate the proglacial sediments to the glacial meltwater discharge regime. The proglacial river systems studied were dominated by ‘normal’ ablation controlled discharge, rather than by high magnitude flood events. Consequently there is a great deal of spatial and vertical variability. Deposition occurred during short intervals of rapid aggradation, so that relatively fine-grained falling-stage sediments, as well as coarser, bar-core sediments are well preserved. Models relating the characteristics of the final deposit to the nature of the river are presented. These emphasise the role of stage changes and aggradation rates in controlling sediment architecture in braided fluvial deposits.

The Role of Unabsorbed Slack in Internal and Collaborative Innovation Processes — A Resource-Based Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Slack Resources ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unabsorbed Slack ◽  
Innovation Processes

Extant research has highlighted the critical role of unabsorbed slack resources in internal innovation processes. In recent years, many firms have continued to open up their innovation processes to actively collaborate with external partners. In light of a limited understanding of the determinants of collaborative innovation, we provide new theoretical arguments about the relationship of unabsorbed slack resources with internal and collaborative innovation processes. Specifically, we draw on resource-based and competence-based logic and develop a conceptual framework for intraorganizational and interorganizational innovation with propositions for the impact of unabsorbed slack resources on internal and external knowledge acquisition and commercialization processes. The arguments underscore the critical role of excess resources in collaborative innovation, and they highlight the need for a fine-grained examination of the impact of unabsorbed slack resources in innovation processes. The arguments are particularly important in light of a renewed interest in essential enablers and barriers to collaborative innovation processes.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of token frequency in phonological change: evidence from TH-Fronting in east-central Scotland

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYNN CLARK ◽  
GRAEME TROUSDALE
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Lexical Frequency ◽  
East Central ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
Phonological Change ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research on frequency effects in phonology suggests that word frequency is often a significant motivating factor in the spread of sound change through the lexicon. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the exact nature of the relationship between phonological change and word frequency. This article investigates the role of lexical frequency in the spread of the well-known sound change TH-Fronting in an under-researched dialect area in east-central Scotland. Using data from a corpus of conversations compiled over a two-year period by the first author, we explore how the process of TH-Fronting is complicated in this community by the existence of certain local variants which are lexically restricted, and we question to what extent the frequency patterns that are apparent in these data are consistent with generalisations made in the wider literature on the relationship between lexical frequency and phonological change.

scholarly journals The role of precipitation for high-magnitude flood generation in a large mountainous catchment (upper Rhône River, NW European Alps)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Raymond ◽  
Bruno Wilhelm ◽  
Sandrine Anquetin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
Flood Generation ◽  
Rain Floods

Abstract. High-impact climate events such as floods are highly destructive natural hazards causing widespread impacts on socio-ecosystems. However, processes leading to such events are still poorly understood, which limiting reliable prediction. This study takes advantage of centennial-long discharge series (1923–2010) and meteorological reanalysis (ERA-20C) to study processes generating the high-magnitude flood events (i.e. above the percentile 99.9) of the upper Rhône River (NW European Alps). A particular focus is paid to the role of precipitation on the flood generation to explore in what extent such events could be explained by only atmospheric variables. A flood typology is thus established using a hierarchical clustering analysis and three variables: long (8-day) and short (2-day) precipitation accumulations as well as an index characterizing the amplitude of the discharge increase during the 7 days prior to the flood day. The typology result in four classes, of which two are directly linked to precipitation. One results from heavy precipitation over two days (similar to short-rain floods in the literature) and the other one from a combination of short and long intense precipitation sequences (similar to long-rain floods). The two other types of floods cannot be explained by precipitation only, most probably involving ice and snow melting. The four events of highest magnitude (> 20 year return period) are of various types but are all triggered by heavy precipitation during the days preceding the floods. The role of the precipitation accumulations progressively decreases when considering floods of weaker magnitude, suggesting a higher diversity of processes involved in the generation of e.g. annual flooding. Our results highlight the needs to better understand the atmospheric processes leading to heavy precipitation accumulation since this would allow a better understanding of past and future trends of extreme flood events.

The reinvention of ‘civil society’: transnational conceptions of development in East-Central Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Agnes Gagyi ◽  
Mariya Ivancheva
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Development ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
The Status ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores how the notion of ‘civil society’ in East-Central Europe, and the discursive and organisational practices attached to the term, have been deployed in politics, and how this has affected how local development and empowerment are conceived and funded. In this respect, struggles over the meaning and practice of ‘civil society’ activism in the region speak to longstanding debates within the community development field relating to the role of state and market; the status, function, and relevance of professionalised organisations within communities; the relationship between political and economic freedoms; and the possibilities for meaningful transnational solidarity.

The relationship between working spaces and organizational cultures

Facilities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (13/14) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165
Author(s):  
Monika Maślikowska ◽  
Michael Gibbert
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the role of fit in the relationship between the design of working spaces and organizational culture. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a set of two case studies compared on two levels of analysis (company and work group level). Empirical results are based on triangulated data involving observations, as well as interviews with the users, managers and designers of spaces in two organizations. Findings The results suggest that the overall “fit” of space and culture are not sufficient to engender positive outcomes (such as job performance and employee satisfaction). In particular, the results point to the moderating factors on the work group level of analysis (such as the type of job and employees’ personalities), as well as on the company level (implementation of the change management process), as crucial drivers of job satisfaction and productivity. Originality/value The authors demonstrate that a singular focus only on the fit between space and organizational culture leads to equivocal results in terms of cultural change outcomes. A more fine-grained analysis on the work group level considering the match between space, type of job, personality and seniority of the users of that space reconciles these differences.

scholarly journals Region-Based Global Reasoning Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 12136-12143
Author(s):  
Chuanming Wang ◽  
Huiyuan Fu ◽  
Charles X. Ling ◽  
Peilun Du ◽  
Huadong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Aggregation Method ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Visual Understanding ◽  
Region Aggregation ◽  
The Relationship

Global reasoning plays a significant role in many computer vision tasks which need to capture long-distance relationships. However, most current studies on global reasoning focus on exploring the relationship between pixels and ignore the critical role of the regions. In this paper, we propose an novel approach that explores the relationship between regions which have richer semantics than pixels. Specifically, we design a region aggregation method that can gather regional features automatically into a uniform shape, and adjust theirs positions adaptively for better alignment. To achieve the best performance of global reasoning, we propose various relationship exploration methods and apply them on the regional features. Our region-based global reasoning module, named ReGr, is end-to-end and can be inserted into existing visual understanding models without extra supervision. To evaluate our approach, we apply ReGr to fine-grained classification and action recognition benchmark tasks, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

scholarly journals An examination of variability in offender residences across different spatial scales. A case study in Birmingham.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Langton ◽  
Wouter Steenbeek ◽  
Monsuru Adepeju
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Objectives: This paper disentangles the degree of concentration and variance in offender residences across different levels of spatial aggregation. Three nested units are analysed simultaneously (and longitudinally) to explore the impact of using different spatial scales, opening prospect for a comparison with existing findings from crime concentration literature. Methods: Data is utilized from West Midlands Police Force, containing the locations of residence for all known offenders in Birmingham between the years 2006 and 2016. Resident locations are aggregated to 3223 Output Areas (OA), nested within 639 Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA), further nested within 132 Middle Super Output Areas (MSOA). Descriptive and model-based statistics are deployed to replicate a recent study for crime events (Steenbeek & Weisburd, 2016). Results: In contrast to the crime concentration literature, the results indicate that most variance (~50%) in offender residence concentrations is attributable to the largest spatial scale (MSOA level). Output Areas, as the most fine-grained unit, capture approximately 39% of the variance, although this proportion increases during the study period at the expense of MSOA. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the relationship between variance and scale when studying offender residences is not as clear-cut as it is for crimes. Larger units hold some merit (empirically and theoretically), but this is time-dependent, opening up discussions on the role of urban development in determining the appropriateness of spatial scale.

scholarly journals Incomputability in Physics and Biology

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE LONGO
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Data Type ◽  
Physical Measurement ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Epistemological Issue ◽  
The Relationship

Computability has its origins in Logic within the framework formed along the original path laid down by the founding fathers of the modern foundational analysis for Mathematics (Frege and Hilbert). This theoretical itinerary, which was largely focused on Logic and Arithmetic, departed in principle from the renewed relations between Geometry and Physics occurring at the time. In particular, the key issue of physical measurement, as our only access to ‘reality’, played no part in its theoretical framework. This is in stark contrast to the position in Physics, where the role of measurement has been a core theoretical and epistemological issue since Poincaré, Planck and Einstein. Furthermore, measurement is intimately related to unpredictability, (in-)determinism and the relationship with physical space–time. Computability, despite having exact access to its own discrete data type, provides a unique tool for the investigation of ‘unpredictability’ in both Physics and Biology through its fine-grained analysis of undecidability – note that unpredictability coincides with physical randomness in both classical and quantum frames. Moreover, it now turns out that an understanding of randomness in Physics and Biology is a key component of the intelligibility of Nature. In this paper, we will discuss a few results following along this line of thought.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

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