scholarly journals Formal and informal learning situations or practices vs formal and informal ways of learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Folkestad
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Music Pedagogy ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Indigenous Music ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
Formal And Informal Learning ◽  
The Relationship

During the last decade there has been an awakening interest in considering not only formalised learning situations within institutional settings, but also all the various forms of informal musical learning practices outside schools. Informal musical learning outside institutional settings has been shown to contribute to important knowledge and aspects of music education. In this article, I will examine research studies which in different ways focus on formal and informal learning situations and practices or formal and informal ways of learning. I will consider the relationship between music education as praxis (music pedagogy) and as research, and the relationship between these two facets of music education and the surrounding society. I will identify four different ways of using and defining formal and informal learning, respectively, either explicitly or implicitly, each one focusing on different aspects of learning: (i) the situation, (ii) learning style, (iii) ownership, and (iv) intentionality. Formal – informal should not be regarded as a dichotomy, but rather as the two poles of a continuum; in most learning situations, both these aspects of learning are in various degrees present and interacting. Music education researchers, in order to contribute to the attainment of a multiplicity of learning styles and a cultural diversity in music education, need to focus not only on the formal and informal musical learning in Western societies and cultures, but also to include the full global range of musical learning in popular, world and indigenous music in their studies.

HUBUNGAN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP ASPEK PENGETAHUAN SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SISTEM KOMPUTER DI SMK IT RAHMATAN KARIMAH BENGKULU TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Dian Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to find out the relationship between learning style and students’ knowledge aspect on Computer System Subject at SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu, the type of research is quantitative and the subject of research is grade X in SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu. Data collection techniques using observation, Questionnaire and documentation. Data analysis techniques used were Descriptive Analysis, and inferential Statistical Analysis. The results of visual learning style post-test were 11 people with a mean of 76.36, an auditory learning style of 8 people at a mean of 62.14, a kinesthetic learning style of 3 people at a mean of 50.33, apart from that (r x y = 2.35) and the magnitude of r is reflected in the table (r table = 0.4132). Then rxy > r table ie = 2.35> 0.4132. In other words, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It has a significant relationship between the learning styles of students and students’ knowledge aspect on Computer System Subject of grade X TKJ in SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu

The Impact of Foreign Language Learning Style on Strategies Preferences in Art Colleges

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2677-2680
Author(s):  
Di Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Factors affecting students’ English learning performances are always debated among language researchers. This research is carried out in art colleges to figure out the students’ preferences in learning styles and learning strategies as well as the relationship between them. Questionnaires have been applied and data have been dealt with by SPSS. This research has shown that students in the art college tend to be visual and individual learners, and thus they prefer to adopt metacognitive, memory and affective strategies.

scholarly journals Learning to stay employable

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Emanuel Froehlich ◽  
Simon Beausaert ◽  
Mien Segers ◽  
Maike Gerken
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Formal And Informal Learning ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of chronological age and formaland informal learning activities on employability. Furthermore, indirect effects of age on employabilityvia learning activities were tested.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted quantitative, cross-sectional surveyresearch (n¼780) in three Dutch and Austrian organizations to study the relationship betweenchronological age, formal and informal learning activities, and employability using structural equationmodeling.Findings – The authors find that both formal and informal learning increase employees’ employability.However, each type of learning contributes to different components of employability. Additionally, theauthors find indirect effects of chronological age on employability via formal learning.Research limitations/implications – The results question the focus on chronological age inorganizational and political decision making and contribute new insights for the management of anincreasingly older workforce.Practical implications – The findings question the predominant use of chronological age asdecisive criterion in organizational and national policies and call for closer examination of stereotypesagainst older employees. Employees should be supported in pursuing learning activities – irrespectiveof their chronological age. The implications of limiting employees’ access to formal learning activitiesmay limit their future employability. Individual employees, however, are in control of their informallearning activities, and this is a very important lever to maintain and develop employability.Social implications – Given the increasing dependency of social welfare systems on older people’sactive participation in the labor market, this study stresses that it is not chronological age per se thataffects people’s employability. This diverges from the way of how chronological age is used in policymaking.Originality/value – This study contributes further evidence for the relationships of age and formaland informal learning on employability. Additionally, it extends previous literature by examiningdifferent effects on different facets of employability, criticizing the prevalent use of chronological age,and investigating potential mediation effects.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Learning Styles and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy among Medicine and Dentistry Students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Robab Farhang ◽  
Ulduz Zamani Ahari ◽  
Samira Ghasemi ◽  
Aziz Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives. The career decision-making self-efficacy (CDSE) in medical, pharmacy, and dental students is more important than other disciplines due to professional sensitivity, direct involvement in decision-making for the treatment process, and the significant clinical involvement. It is also expected that learning styles can have a significant impact on the academic success, and the CDSE also affects the quality of clinical care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the learning styles and the career decision-making self-efficacy among medicine and dentistry students. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 235 medical interns and fifth- and sixth-year dental students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data were collected using Kolb Learning Style Inventory and Betz and Luzzo career decision-making self-efficacy questionnaire. Statistical tests such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Spearman correlation coefficient, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results. The mean age of participants was 25.9 ± 1.30; a majority of them were dental students (134 persons, 59.3%), and 92 were medical students (40.7%). The predominant learning styles in dental and medical students were assimilating (40.3%) and converging (47.8%), respectively. There was no significant relationship between students’ learning styles and career decision-making self-efficacy and none of its subscales ( P > 0.05 ). The Chi-square test results showed that a significant difference was observed between the field of study and learning styles of the participants ( P = 0.024 ). Conclusion. This study showed that there was no significant relationship between learning style and career decision-making self-efficacy of the participants.

RunayaySoft

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-131
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo González Vargas ◽  
Angela Carrillo-Ramos ◽  
Ramon Fabregat ◽  
Lizzeth Camargo ◽  
Maria Caridad García Cepero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disciplinary Area ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a support system to the selection of enrichment activities in educational environment called RunayaySoft, where Runayay comes from the word Quechua that means develop and Soft as it is an informatics tool that supports the educational institutions and their students, in the selection of activities that allow foster some of their skills based on their interests, learning styles, aptitudes, multiple intelligences, preferences and so on. Moreover, it suggests institutions about the activities that they should make in their building considering student´s characteristics and the agreements that they have. Design/methodology/approach It does a diagnostic for identifying which characteristics are going to be considered to students and institutions. Then, it generates adaptive profiles with the aim of generating suggestions of enrichment activities that allow to boost some of their skills. For the students were considered their preferences, learning style, aptitude, multiple intelligences and interests. In the case of institutions were the agreements, resources and activities that they develop. Based on this information, it defines the relations for the generation of suggestions of activities toward students, where it does the prioritization of which activities should be considered. Findings For validating the system, it was done as a functional prototype that generates suggestions to students, as well as educative institutions, through a satisfaction test student assess if they agree or disagree with the suggestions given. With that assessment, it is validated the relationship between student’s characteristics, activity and institution are related for generating activities suggestions. Research limitations/implications RunayaySoft generates adaptive profiles for the students, activity and institution. Each profile has information that allows adapt an advice toward students and institutions. Social implications RunayaySoft considers student’s characteristics, activities and educational institutions for generating suggestions for enrichment activities that allow to boost some of their skills. Many times, when activities are generated in educative institutions, they are not considered a learner’s needs and characteristics. For that reason, the system helps institutions to identify activities that should be done in their facilities or with those institutions which they have agreements when the institutions that students come from do not have the required resources. Originality/value RunayaySoft suggests enrichment activities to students as well as educative institutions. For students, it suggests disciplinary areas where they can boost their skills; for each disciplinary area are recommended activities based on their preferences. Once students select the disciplinary area and activities, the system suggests educative institutions activities that they can do. If the institutions do not have the necessary facilities, the system shows with which other institutions they can set agreements. Moreover, it supports educative institutions to identify enrichment clusters, where it clusters students based on similar interest, allowing institutions to identify the activities that they should focus on.

Engaging Students with Mobile Technologies to Support Their Formal and Informal Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Ciussi ◽  
Gill Rosner ◽  
Marc Augier
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
Formal And Informal Learning ◽  
Classroom Education ◽  
Students Attitudes

This article explores “Y generation” students’ attitudes to mobile technologies in the context of education, and use of podcasts on their handhelds in particular. Our intention is to investigate how students use mobile devices to support their formal and informal learning practices. One of the “big issues” in mobile learning that we address here is the co-existence of personal informal learning and traditional classroom education. After conducting an experiment and a survey, we conclude that the diversity of student attitudes toward using podcasts in education means that we are in the time of “in between years.” Learning “any time/anywhere” and “digital natives” prove to be a myth for many. The current challenge for podcasting in education is to move from information transmission to knowledge construction and sharing within a formal setting.

scholarly journals Will mobile learning change language learning?

ReCALL ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kukulska-Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Mobile Assisted Language Learning ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
Formal And Informal Learning ◽  
Significant Change

AbstractThe use of mobile phones and other portable devices is beginning to have an impact on how learning takes place in many disciplines and contexts, including language learning. Learners who are not dependent on access to fixed computers can engage in activities that relate more closely to their current surroundings, sometimes crossing the border between formal and informal learning. This creates the potential for significant change in teaching and learning practices. Taking the broader field of mobile learning as the setting within which developments in mobile-assisted language learning may be understood, the paper argues that an emphasis on mobility can lead to new perspectives and practices. The paper offers reflections on what mobile learning has to offer and considers whether it is likely to change how languages are taught and learnt. ‘Mobile learning’ is not a stable concept; therefore its current interpretations need to be made explicit. Examples of current projects and practices show an affinity between mobile and games-based learning, and can further illuminate what is distinctive and worthwhile about mobile learning.

Informal Learning as a Catalyst for Social Justice in Music Education

2015 ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Lucy Green ◽  
Flavia Narita
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Music Classroom ◽  
Informal Music Learning ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
School Music ◽  
Teachers And Students

This chapter considers social justice in relation to the incorporation of a set of informal learning practices within the secondary school music classroom and teacher education. It interprets Nancy Fraser’s view of social justice as “parity of participation” in order to suggest that the dialogical approach of informal music learning practices can potentially promote such participatory parity. It then examines Paulo Freire’s concept of critical pedagogy, which emphasizes the need for teachers and students to participate together in the learning process so as to enhance critical consciousness. Through an application of Green’s theory of musical meaning, the authors suggest that critical consciousness in music can be aided through a deeper understanding of music’s sonic materials and their inter-relations. Informal learning in the music classroom may promote both parity of participation and critical consciousness, with the potential to lead to a liberating musical experience.

scholarly journals The relationship between learning styles and students` chemistry achievement

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Stanislava Olić ◽  
Jasna Adamov
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Chemistry Achievement ◽  
Learning Style Inventory ◽  
Second Grade Students ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Relationship

This research aimed to determine the chemical content which is the most challenging for students, and also to study the differences in chemistry achievement among students who prefer different learning styles. The study was carried out on the sample of 265 second grade students (aged 15–16 years) from seven grammar schools in Vojvodina (Serbia). Two instruments were applied in the study to determine the learning styles: chemistry knowledge test and Learning Style Inventory (LSI version 3.1). According to the findings, students have difficulty learning the contents of the topics Chemical Equilibrium, Salt Hydrolysis and Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between achievements in chemistry and students’ learning styles. The findings obtained in this research represent a step towards improving chemistry education since they identified the topics that students find it the most difficult to learn.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE TRAINER’ COMMUNICATIONAL STYLE ON ADULT LEARNERS ‘LEARNING STYLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Ionela Roxana Urea ◽  
Cristina Cora Pirvu
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Vocational Counselling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Today, it is clear to everyone that regardless of the studies completed, the process of continuous improvement is necessary depending on the field in which they work. Each country has designed specific strategies in the field of adult education, as part of lifelong learning. Our research had the aim to highlight, beyond the type of training program for adults, the relationship between the communication style of trainers involved in adult education and the learning style of adult learners. In our research we used: a) the “Questionnaire S.C. (Analysis of Communication Style) b) the Romanian version of “Learning style Questionnaire”; c) non-directive interviews; d) statistical processing methods.  The results that came from the data allow us to see the influences of the trainers’ communicational style upon the learning style of adult learners during the training sessions. The conclusions are significant for developing proper vocational counselling programs for trainers that are involved in training adult learners.

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