ON EFFICIENCY GAINS FROM MULTIPLE INCOMPLETE SUBSAMPLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-525
Author(s):  
Saraswata Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Full Generality ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
The Moment

Cost-effective survey methods such as multi(R)-phase sampling typically generate samples that are collections of monotonic subsamples, i.e., the variables observed for the units in subsample r are also observed for the units in subsample r + 1 for r = 1,…,R – 1. These subsamples represent subpopulations that can be systematically different if the selection of a unit in each phase of sampling depends on the observed variables for that unit from past phases. Our article is about optimally combining all the subsamples for the efficient estimation of a finite dimensional parameter defined by moment restrictions on a generic target population that is an arbitrary union of these subpopulations. Only the R-th subsample is assumed to contain all the variables that are arguments of the moment function. Semiparametric efficiency bounds for estimation are obtained under a unified framework, allowing for full generality of the selection on observables in the sampling design. Contribution of each subsample toward efficient estimation is analyzed; and this turns out to differ fundamentally from that in setups where the same collection of subsamples is instead generated unplanned by unknown sampling. Uniquely, our setup enables all the subsamples to contribute to the efficient estimation for all the target populations, which we show is not possible in other setups. Efficient estimation is standard. Simulation evidence of substantive efficiency gains from using all the subsamples is provided for all the targets.

CONSISTENCY OF PLUG-IN ESTIMATORS OF UPPER CONTOUR AND LEVEL SETS

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neşe Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Level Sets ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Hausdorff Metric ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Moment Conditions ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Parameter Values

This paper studies the problem of estimating the set of finite-dimensional parameter values defined by a finite number of moment inequality or equality conditions and gives conditions under which the estimator defined by the set of parameter values that satisfy the estimated versions of these conditions is consistent in Hausdorff metric. This paper also suggests extremum estimators that with probability approaching 1 agree with the set consisting of parameter values that satisfy the sample versions of the moment conditions. In particular, it is shown that the set of minimizers of the sample generalized method of moments (GMM) objective function is consistent for the set of minimizers of the population GMM objective function in Hausdorff metric.

scholarly journals Enhancing Non-intrusive Occupant Load Monitoring through Occupancy Matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Behavior Intervention ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The Moment

It has been universally accepted that energy consumption in commercial buildings is highly related to occupant behaviors. Improving occupants’ energy-use behaviors is regarded as the most cost-effective approach to enhance overall energy saving in commercial built environments. However, effective behavior intervention pursuits rely on the availability of occupant-specific energy-use information, which is extremely expensive to capture with existing technologies. In this context, the author’s previous studies proposed the non-intrusive occupant load monitoring (NIOLM) approach that captures individual occupants’ energy-consuming information at their entry and departure events in an economically feasible manner. The NIOLM assigns energy-load variations (ev) of a building to individual occupants and relies on two variables: Time delay intervals and magnitudes of ev. This paper extends the existing NIOLM concept with the inclusion of a new variable, the occupancy matrix which manifests the information of present occupants at the moment of ev. An experiment has been conducted in an office space to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed approach. Outcomes of this research could be a great help for studies on occupant energy-use behaviors intervention and simulation. 

scholarly journals Non-commutative Calculus, Optimal Transport and Functional Inequalities in Dissipative Quantum Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Carlen ◽  
Jan Maas
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Sobolev Inequalities ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities ◽  
Curvature Bounds ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Dissipative Quantum Systems ◽  
Entropy Inequalities

AbstractWe study dynamical optimal transport metrics between density matrices associated to symmetric Dirichlet forms on finite-dimensional $$C^*$$ C ∗ -algebras. Our setting covers arbitrary skew-derivations and it provides a unified framework that simultaneously generalizes recently constructed transport metrics for Markov chains, Lindblad equations, and the Fermi Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup. We develop a non-nommutative differential calculus that allows us to obtain non-commutative Ricci curvature bounds, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, transport-entropy inequalities, and spectral gap estimates.

scholarly journals The softness distribution index: towards the creation of guidelines for the modeling of soft-bodied robots

2019 ◽  
pp. 027836491989345
Author(s):  
Giovanna A Naselli ◽  
Barbara Mazzolai
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Dimensionless Quantity ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Soft Body ◽  
Computational Burden ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Mechanical ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
The Moment

Modeling soft robots is not an easy task owing to their highly nonlinear mechanical behavior. So far, several researchers have tackled the problem using different approaches, each having advantages and drawbacks in terms of accuracy, ease of implementation, and computational burden. The soft robotics community is currently working to develop a unified framework for modeling. Our contribution in this direction consists of a novel dimensionless quantity that we call the softness distribution index (SDI). The SDI for a given soft body is computed based on the distribution of its structural properties. We show that the index can serve as a tool in the choice of a modeling technique among multiple approaches suggested in literature. At the moment, the investigation is limited to bodies performing planar bending. The aim of this work is twofold: (i) to highlight the importance of the distribution of the geometrical and material properties of a soft robotic link/body throughout its structure; and (ii) to demonstrate that a classification based on this distribution provides guidelines for the modeling.

scholarly journals Estimation of Partially Specified Spatial Autoregressive Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Yuanqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Error Term ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive Model ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
Weighting Matrix ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

Abstract In this paper, we study estimation of a partially specified spatial autoregressive model with heteroskedasticity error term. Under the assumption of exogenous regressors and exogenous spatial weighting matrix, we propose an instrumental variable estimation. Under some sufficient conditions, we show that the proposed estimator for the finite dimensional parameter is root-n consistent and asymptotically normally distributed and the proposed estimator for the unknown function is consistent and also asymptotically distributed though at a rate slower than root-n. Monte Carlo simulations verify our theory and the results suggest that the proposed method has some practical value.

Cost-effectiveness of hydrotherapy versus land-based therapy in patients with musculoskeletal disorders in Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
Monica Teng ◽  
Hui Jun Zhou ◽  
Liang Lin ◽  
Pang Hung Lim ◽  
Doreen Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Abstract Background The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of hydrotherapy versus land-based therapy in patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Singapore. Methods A decision-analytic model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of hydrotherapy to land-based therapy over 3 months from societal perspective. Target population comprised patients with low back pain (LBP), osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR). Subgroup analyses were carried out to determine the cost-effectiveness of hydrotherapy in individual MSDs. Relative treatment effects were obtained through a systematic review of published data. Results Compared to land-based therapy, hydrotherapy was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SGD 27 471 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, which was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of SGD 70 000 per QALY (one gross domestic product per capita in Singapore in 2015). For the respective MSDs, hydrotherapy were dominant (more effective and less costly) in THR and TKR, cost-effective for LBP and RA, and not cost-effective for OA. Treatment adherence and cost of hydrotherapy were key drivers to the ICER values. Conclusions Hydrotherapy was a cost-effective rehabilitation compared to land-based therapy for a population with MSDs in Singapore. However, the benefit of hydrotherapy was not observed in patients with OA.

scholarly journals Impact Evaluation of an SMS Campaign to Promote Household Chlorination in Rural Haiti

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3095
Author(s):  
Michael Ritter ◽  
Eveline Camille ◽  
Christophe Velcine ◽  
Rose-Kerline Guillaume ◽  
Jean Marcel Casimir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
Sales Agent ◽  
The Impact

Despite documented health benefits of household water treatment and storage (HWTS), achieving sustained use remains challenging. In prior evaluations of a long-term HWTS program in Haiti, multiple marketing interventions failed to increase use or had prohibitively high costs. Using mobile phones is a potentially cost-effective way to change HWTS behavior. We conducted a randomized experiment to evaluate the impact of sending short-message service (SMS) messages to promote household chlorination in this program in Haiti. Households (n = 1327) were randomly assigned to: One of four SMS frequencies; one of ten behavioral constructs; “cholera” or “disease” framing; and one or zero household visits from a sales agent. During the three-month campaign, there were no statistically significant relationships between the four outcomes related to chlorine purchases and any SMS frequency, any behavioral construct, or either “cholera” or “disease” framing. Receiving one visit increased the probability of purchasing a bottle of chlorine by 17.1 percentage points (p < 0.001) but did not affect subsequent purchase behavior. Costs of managing the SMS campaign were higher than expected. SMS campaigns may not be cost-effective behavior change interventions in certain contexts. If pursued, we recommend simple interventions, timed with the target behavior, and tailored to mobile phone usage patterns of the target population.

scholarly journals Convexity of the moment map image for torus actions on b m -symplectic manifolds

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2131) ◽  
pp. 20170420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor W. Guillemin ◽  
Eva Miranda ◽  
Jonathan Weitsman
Keyword(s):  
Symplectic Manifold ◽  
Integrable Systems ◽  
Symplectic Manifolds ◽  
Moment Map ◽  
Torus Action ◽  
Convexity Theorem ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Torus Actions ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
The Moment

We prove a convexity theorem for the image of the moment map of a Hamiltonian torus action on a b m -symplectic manifold. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Finite dimensional integrable systems: new trends and methods’.

Regression for randomly sampled spatial series: the trigonometric case

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (A) ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Brillinger
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Asymptotic Normality ◽  
Point Process ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Series ◽  
Consistency And Asymptotic Normality ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Asymptotically Efficient

The model Y(t) = s(t | θ) + ε(t) is studied in the case that observations are made at scattered points τ j in a subset of Rp and θ is a finite-dimensional parameter. The particular cases of 0 = (α, β) and (α, β, ω) are considered in detail. Consistency and asymptotic normality results are developed assuming that the spatial series ε(·) and the point process {τ j} are independent, stationary and mixing. The estimates considered are equivalent to least squares asymptotically and are not generally asymptotically efficient.Contributions of the paper include: study of the Rp case, management of irregularly placed observations, allowance for abnormal domains of observation and the discovery that aliasing complications do not arise when the point process {τ j} is mixing. There is a brief discussion of the construction and properties of maximum likelihood estimates for the spatial-temporal case.

Multiple Fortification of Beverages

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Micronutrient ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Diet-related micronutrient deficiencies rarely occur in isolation; deficiencies of iodine and vitamin A or of iron and vitamin A or zinc are often observed in the same populations. In addition, widespread deficiencies of some micronutrients, for example, zinc and calcium, may often go undiagnosed because of the absence of specific and sensitive status indicators. Multiple micronutrient supplementation can be more effective in improving nutritional status than supplementation with single key micronutrients; therefore, the multiple fortification of appropriate food vectors, including beverages, is of interest from the nutritional standpoint. Beverages fortified with multiple micronutrients include dairy products, chocolate beverages, fruit juices, and soya-based drinks. As well as the documented or estimated micronutrient deficiencies and the requirements of the target population or consumer group, the conception of such a multiply fortified beverage must take into account a number of other important factors. The choice of the chemical form of the fortification micronutrients should be made with consideration of bioavailability, the effects on the organoleptic characteristics of the particular beverage, and cost. The initial calculation of the composition of the micronutrient premix should include the levels of micronutrients in the raw materials used and the estimated losses of specific micronutrients during processing and storage. Preliminary production and storage trials are then needed to determine the actual losses. The composition of the micronutrient premix may then be finalized. Interactions, both positive and negative, between fortification micronutrients may also need to be considered. For example, the bioavailability of iron may be enhanced by the addition of vitamin C, whereas mineral–vitamin and vitamin–vitamin interactions can accelerate the destruction of some vitamins. To render quality control procedures simple and cost-effective, only a limited number of fortification micronutrients, which are especially sensitive to losses and which are easy to measure, may be analysed. Simple, inexpensive, and rigorous analytical methods for such measurements are now available.

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