Two-year study of male orchid bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) attraction to chemical baits in lowland south-eastern Perú

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Pearson ◽  
Robert L Dressler
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACTChemical baits corresponding to natural orchid fragrance chemicals were used to attract and sample male orchid bees in terra firme and flood plain forest sites on the Tambo-pata Reserve in south-eastern Perú. The study was conducted monthly for two years. A total of 38 species of bees was collected at these chemical baits, and although most species were collected from both habitats, 11 species were significantly more common in one habitat than the other. There was considerable variation in the number and types of chemicals to which each of the orchid bee species was attracted.Two cycles of seasonal abundance occurred annually in the number of orchid bee individuals and species collected at the chemical baits. A major peak occurred a month following onset of the wet season, and a minor peak occurred during the dry season. Species body size was related to seasonal activity, but additional factors such as flowering phenology and nest parasites were also probably involved.The number of orchid bee species found on the Tambopata Reserve was similar to the number found in forest sites of eastern and central Brazil, Costa Rica, and Panamá. This homogeneity in species richness is in marked contrast to other insect groups such as Odonata, Lepi-doptera, Asilidae (Diptera), Tabanidae (Diptera), and Cicindelidae (Coleoptera), for which the species numbers recorded on the Tambopata Reserve are the highest for any similar sized area in the world.

scholarly journals Branch elongation and diameter growth were temporally dissociatedin "cerrado" tree species

Hoehnea ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Branch Growth ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
One Year

Here is a communicating about time differences between branch and diameter growth in a tree community of ten species in Neotropical savanna ("cerrado") of Central Brazil. This work was conducted to study branch expansion and diameter growth in a period of one year between 2006 and 2007. Branch growth had begin in middle dry season and had the peak occurrence during the dry period in September, while diameter growth had begin in late dry season and peaked in the middle of wet season in December. The majority of species followed the same pattern. Branch growth did not have relation with rainfall, while diameter growth had a clear and positive relation with rainfall records. These results suggested that branch growth was not depend on rainfall but only on water status recover, while diameter growth probably depends strongly on water and to carbon assimilation that occurs after branch and leaf expansion.

Estimating seasonal abundance and habitat use of small carnivores in the Western Ghats using an occupancy approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riddhika Kalle ◽  
Tharmalingam Ramesh ◽  
Qamar Qureshi ◽  
Kalyanasundaram Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
Leopard Cat

Abstract:Rigorous population studies on many small carnivores are lacking in India. Presence-absence models with habitat covariates were applied to estimate seasonal occupancy and abundance of nine small-carnivore species from camera-trap data in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (2010 and 2011). We deployed 25 camera-trap stations in the deciduous forest, 21 in the semi-evergreen forest and 26 in the dry thorn forest. In total, 7380 trap-nights yielded 448 photographs of small carnivores: jungle cat (n = 72), leopard cat (n = 6), rusty-spotted cat (n = 11), small Indian civet (n = 89), common palm civet (n = 37), brown palm civet (n = 20), stripe-necked mongoose (n = 66), ruddy mongoose (n = 96) and Indian grey mongoose (n = 51). In the dry season, rusty-spotted cat was the rarest carnivore with an average abundance (λmean) of 0.24 ± 0.26, while ruddy mongoose was the most abundant (λmean = 0.90 ± 0.40). In the wet season, leopard cat was the rarest species (λmean = 0.048 ± 0.041) while grey mongoose was the most abundant (λmean = 0.68 ± 0.35). Abundance of jungle cat, common palm civet, ruddy mongoose and grey mongoose increased in the dry thorn forest whereas in the dry season abundance of small Indian civet decreased in this forest type. Abundance of leopard cat and small Indian civet was not influenced by habitat in the wet season. Deciduous forest was positively associated with abundance of rusty-spotted cat. Deciduous and semi-evergreen forests had a positive effect on abundance of stripe-necked mongoose while the latter was a positive predictor of abundance and occupancy for brown palm civet. Improved modelling approaches can account for the spatio-temporal variation in habitat use of small carnivores occupying specialized niches in heterogeneous tropical forests of southern India.

The parasitoid complex of Parthenolecanium corni Bouché in the city of Tbilisi and its surroundings and comparison with some other European countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Japoshvili ◽  
N. Gabroshvili ◽  
B. Japoshvili
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Parasitoid Complex ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The City

AbstractThe European fruit lecanium (EFL), Parthenolecanium corni Bouché (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), is a common and harmful soft scale, which attacks Fraxinus oxycarpa Willd. and other ornamental and orchard plants in Tbilisi, Georgia. This study investigates the phenology, degree of plant damage and effect of parasitoids on this scale in Tbilisi, a densely populated area. We present data on the 32 species of chalcidoid parasitoids recorded from EFL in Georgia and south-eastern Europe. The scale is heavily parasitized in Tbilisi, but we did not find any variation in seasonal abundance. The most common parasitoid of EFL was Blastothrix longipennis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).

Heavy Metals Contamination of Some Food Materials from Markets in South Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
C. A. Anukwuorji ◽  
R. N. Okigbo ◽  
A. E. Chikwendu ◽  
C. L. Anuagasi ◽  
J. U. Anukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Enugu State

This research work aimed at assessing the metal composition of the cotyledons of Citrullus colocynthis (egusi) and Irvingia wombolu (ogbono) as well as cassava chips sold in open markets in the five states of the South-Eastern Nigeria. These food materials were sampled from 135 stores and markets in three waves (Wet season, Harmattan and Dry season) between February, 2015 and March, 2016 in each of the five states in south eastern Nigeria (Enugu, Anambra, Imo, Abia and Ebonyi). The food materials were analyzed for Zinc, Lead, Copper and Iron using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. The concentrations of these metals were not higher than the maximum permissible limit set by NAFDAC in Nigeria except for Lead in Enugu State ((0.042±0.068 mg/g). The highest quantity of Lead was detected in Citrullus colocynthis (0.039±0.006 mg/g) while the least concentration was detected in Cassava chips (0.009±0.005 mg/g). Lead was detected in samples collected across all the seasons (Wet season, Dry season and Harmattan). The high concentration of Lead in the sampled food materials from Enugu state across all the waves of sample collection that violated the permissible limits of lead set by WHO and NAFDAC is of public health concern. Lead exposure has been shown to cause severe health challenges thus regular monitoring of these toxic heavy metals from foods sold in markets is essential, to prevent their excessive build-up in the food chain. The inference of this study reveals that these food materials sold in the open market are not completely safe for consumption as a result of lead contamination due to poor handling and processing. Findings from this study will be of great help to all stakeholders in this area of interest such as researchers and environmental regulators, relevant government agencies saddled with the responsibility of ensuring the safety of foods consumed in Nigeria.

Occurrence of the grasshopper pest Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in south-western Nigeria in relation to the wet and dry seasons

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Page
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Secondary Peak ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Peak Abundance

AbstractAn investigation into the seasonal abundance of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) around Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that hatching occurs between October and March and peak abundance is in late November. Adults occur almost throughout the year. Oviposition takes place between March and October or possibly November, with a peak in April. Eggs laid in March and April hatch in October and November after a diapause, while those laid from June onwards do not appear to enter diapause. Thus eggs laid in June and July hatch at the same time as those laid in March and April. Parasitism by the sargophagid fly Blaesoxipha filipjevi (Rod.) during March and April results in a rapid decline in adult numbers which may be followed by a secondary peak in adult numbers when nymphs, which are present at the same time and are rarely parasitised, reach adult stage. Oviposition resulting from such a peak does not produce a secondary peak in hatching as this coincides with hatching from earlier layings. The fungus Entomophthora grylli plays an important role in controlling the abundance of nymphs and adults during the dry season despite the intermittent nature of the attacks. During the wet season, the fungus is able to germinate and disperse more readily, thus keeping the numbers of the insects low. It is concluded that there is one generation of Z. variegatus a year, with a peak in population coinciding with the dry season (November-March). It is suggested from the results that the grasshopper may have originated in the semi-arid zones of the north.

scholarly journals Late Oligocene macrofloras from fluviatile siliciclastic facies of the Köln Formation at the south-eastern border of the Lower Rhine Embayment (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Winterscheid ◽  
Zlatko Kvaček
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Leaf Remains ◽  
Lower Rhine Embayment ◽  
Lower Rhine

Abstract The leaf remains described herein came from the oldest sites of the Cainozoic deposits in the Lower Rhine Embayment, located in the Siebengebirge Volcanic Field at the south-eastern border of this basin, in the area of Siebengebirge and vicinity. These revisited floras are bound to pre-volcanic siliciclastic facies of the Siebengebirge Mts., interpreted as marginal facies of the Köln Formation. Chronostratigraphically they are assigned to the late Oligocene (Chattian). The described leaf remains are partially compressions with preserved epidermal anatomy, and therefore highly useful for systematic determination of leaf impressions recovered from other localities of siliciclastic facies. On account of the epidermal characteristics of leaf compressions varying in gross morphology, the previously determined taxa Quercus goepperti, Laurus phoeboides, and Persea speciosa all fall into the abundantly represented Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. The siliciclastic deposits originated in coastal and flood plain areas within fluviatile environments of variable deposition energy. Remains of Taxodium dubium, Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis, Populus germanica, and Daphnogene cinnamomifolia dominate among the recovered fossils. The general aspects of this plant assemblage correspond, together with their sedimentary settings, to riparian forest vegetation with mesophytic elements.

scholarly journals Colonization Patterns, Phenology and Seasonal Abundance of the Nearctic Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch), a New Pest in European Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Carlo Duso ◽  
Giulia Zanettin ◽  
Pamela Gherardo ◽  
Giulia Pasqualotto ◽  
Damiano Raniero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

The Nearctic leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch), detected in Europe for the first time (north-eastern Italy) in 2004, has remained a minor pest of grapevine for more than 10 years. The first outbreaks of E. vulnerata were reported in 2016 in commercial vineyards located in north-eastern Italy. High population densities and severe leaf symptoms (i.e., leaf discoloration and fall) were observed in late summer despite the application of insecticides. Investigations were carried out from 2017 to 2019 in 10 vineyards located in Veneto region (Vicenza and Verona provinces) to shed light on the seasonal abundance of E. vulnerata on different Vitis vinifera cultivars. Pest phenology was studied in six vineyards where the impact of insecticides was minimal. Erasmoneura vulnerata completed three generations in each of the growing seasons. Vineyard colonization by overwintered adults showed a clear edge effect, suggesting the influence of overwintering sites (e.g., rural buildings and hedgerows) in vineyard margins. The impact of natural enemies on pest populations appeared to be limited and mostly related to egg parasitoids. Organic vineyards were more heavily infested by E. vulnerata compared to conventional vineyards, likely due to the minimal efficacy of natural insecticides typically used in the former farms.

scholarly journals Seasonal abundance of the shipworm Neoteredo reynei (Bivalvia, Teredinidae) in mangrove driftwood from a northern Brazilian beach

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos S. Filho ◽  
Claudia H. Tagliaro ◽  
Colin R. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Insulating Properties ◽  
Recruitment Period ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Shipworms are important decomposers of wood, especially in mangrove forests where productivity is high. However, little emphasis has been given to the activity of shipworms in relation to the export of nutrients from mangroves to adjacent coastal areas. As a first step to obtaining such information, the frequency of colonized mangrove driftwood as well as shipworm density and length were studied by collecting washed up logs during a year at Ajuruteua beach, state of Pará, northern Brazil. A single species, Neoteredo reynei (Bartsch, 1920), was found colonizing driftwood. Although large colonized logs were most common on the beach, shipworm density was higher in small logs, especially during the dry season. In general, however, density was higher during the wet season (January to April) and lowest in July. Overall shipworm mean length was 9.66cm. In large logs, mean length increased between the wet and dry seasons. However, there was no difference in length among log size categories. Mean shipworm length was similar throughout most of the year but tended to be greater in July. Although salinity varied between 10.9 and 40 during the year, no relationship was found between salinity and density or length. The results suggest that shipworm activity in driftwood logs is relatively constant throughout the year. Increased air humidity and rainfall may promote survival during the wet season. Large logs may take longer to colonize and thus have lower densities than small ones which are scarce probably because they are destroyed rapidly by shipworm activity. However, data on the disintegration of logs would be necessary to test this hypothesis. Larger size of shipworms in the dry season may be related to growth after an earlier recruitment period. Shipworms in large logs during the dry season may be better protected from dessication and high temperatures by the insulating properties of the larger volume of wood.

Influence of Subantartic and Subtropical Oceanic Water on the Zooplankton and Hydrology of Waters Adjacent to the Derwent River Estuary, South-eastern Tasmania

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Taw ◽  
DA Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Species ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
Subtropical Water ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Subantarctic Water

The oceanic influence on coastal waters adjacent to the mouth of the Derwent River estuary was examined over a season using zooplankton samples. There is strong evidence to indicate the influence of oceanic water in Storm Bay and the mouth of the Derwent River estuary. The occurrence of indicator species suggests that the area is invaded by subantarctic water from August to January and by subtropical water most strongly in February and March. The seasonal abundance and distribu- tion of the major copepods (12 species), chaetognaths (three species), one euphausiid and one tunicate species are described in detail and the importance of these species as indicators of intrusion and mixing of water masses in this region is evaluated.

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