The life history of a tropical dragonfly: Cora marina (Odonata: Polythoridae) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Oviposition Sites

ABSTRACTThe life history of Cora marina was followed for one year in two permanent streams at 600 m elevation in Guanacaste National Park; Costa Rica. The water temperature was c. 21°C year-round, but there was a distinct wet-dry seasonality, very little rain falling from January to May. In both streams, C. marina was univoltine. Adults first appeared at the beginning of May and the flight period coincided with the wet season. The availability of water-soaked logs as oviposition sites probably restricts reproduction to the wet season. Eggs hatched from mid-July to December. Recruitment to subsequent larval instars was slow during the wet season but increased at the start of the dry season. Final-instar larvae were collected from March to October. Oviposition in logs above the stream and the ability to live in the low oxygen conditions of the hyporheic zone probably allow eggs and small larvae to survive wet season spates.El ciclo biológico de una libelula tropical: Cora marina (Odonata: Polythoridae) en Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

LIFE HISTORY OF THE RUFOUS-TAILED JACAMAR GALBULA RUFICAUDA IN COSTA RICA

Ibis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Skutch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
History Of

THE ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF RETUSA OBTUSA (MONTAGU) (GASTROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tyrell Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Span ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Protandrous Hermaphrodite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

The habitat, diet, life history, and reproductive cycle of Retusa obtusa were investigated over a period of [Formula: see text] years in a population found in the Inner Harbour at Barry, Glamorgan, U.K. A technique was devised for extracting Retusa from the mud of this area. R. obtusa occurs in the topmost 3.5 cm of fine mud covering Barry harbor, which is immersed by the sea for only a short time at each high tide. The principal prey was found to be Hydrobia ulvae.The life cycle was found to be annual, the adults dying in spring, following the natural breeding season. Occasionally, a short extra breeding period occurs in the fall. The life span in no case greatly exceeded one year. Retusa is a protandrous hermaphrodite, and copulates in the fall. The eggs mature through the late fall and the winter, a few at a time, until oviposition occurs in the spring. The average number of eggs produced per individual was 33, deposited in 1–4 egg batches. Development is direct.

scholarly journals The influence of initial developmental status on the life-history of sea trout (Salmo trutta)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego del Villar-Guerra ◽  
Martin H. Larsen ◽  
Henrik Baktoft ◽  
Anders Koed ◽  
Kim Aarestrup
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Osmoregulatory Capacity ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Abstract Spring migrating sea trout juveniles can be classified as parr, pre-smolt or smolt based on body morphology and osmoregulatory capacity. In this respect, parr are assumed to be less prepared for a marine life and to have lower survival at sea than pre-smolts and smolts. However, the behaviour and survival of these trout phenotypes upon entering the sea is not well known. Using passive integrated transponder telemetry, this study found that the return rate from the sea to the natal river was higher for parr compared to pre-smolts and smolts. Additionally, trout classified as parr generally migrated earlier to the sea and a larger proportion returned to the river after less than one year at sea. The daily mortality rate at sea was comparable among the different phenotypes of trout, suggesting that the higher proportion of returning parr to the river was linked to their shorter duration at sea. These results provide evidence of different life-history strategies for seaward-migrating juvenile sea trout, ultimately affecting their return rate to the natal river. Investigations failing to consider downstream migrating parr and pre-smolts risks neglecting a large part of the anadromous population and may result in inaccurate assessments of sea trout stocks in rivers.

Population dynamics and life history of Paratya australiensis Kemp, 1917 (Decapoda: Atyidae) in upland rainforest streams, south-eastern Queensland, Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marty A. Hancock ◽  
Stuart E. Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paratya Australiensis

Aspects of the life history and population dynamics of Paratya australiensis were examined in headwater streams of the Conondale Range, south-eastern Queensland, particularly in relation to spatial and temporal variation in temperature and flow dynamics. Breeding period and population structure at nine sites in three subcatchments were examined during three years of monthly sampling using a non-destructive, photographic method. Breeding was restricted to the warmer months of late spring and summer. Peak abundances of ovigerous females and release of larvae occurred earlier at warmer, lower-altitude sites than at cooler, upper-altitude sites. This is consistent with the general trend for seasonal breeding in temperate and subtropical species of atyids, and perennial breeding in tropical species, and suggests that the summer breeding period of P. australiensis was strongly influenced by temperature. In subtropical, south-eastern Queensland, larvae were released just before and during the wet season. Although populations were quite resilient, disturbance from high-flow events also shaped the life history. Hydrology modified the breeding period by influencing overall abundance and recruitment success and by favouring the early release of larvae before peak flows. The reasonably well defined seasonal cycle and synchronized development appear to result from the combined effects of temperature and hydrology.

scholarly journals Consequences of pond management for chironomid assemblages and diversity in English farmland ponds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Ruse ◽  
Helen M. Greaves ◽  
Carl D. Sayer ◽  
Jan C. Axmacher
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Water State ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Chironomid Assemblages ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Ponds represent a large potential resource for biodiversity in agricultural areas of lowland Europe though many are lost through natural succession towards damp woodland depressions (terrestrialisation). Managing ponds back towards their former open-water state may result in dramatic increases of biodiversity, even on heavily farmed land. Here, evidence is presented of the effects of terrestrialised farmland pond restoration on chironomid assemblages. Chironomid pupal exuviae were collected from three terrestrialised ponds on intensively-farmed land in North Norfolk, Eastern England. Two of the ponds had trees, scrub and sediment removed, while the third pond remained undisturbed as a control. Pupal exuviae collection resumed after the restoration period. In addition, nine unmanaged farm ponds and two formerly restored ponds were sampled. Nearby, another five restored ponds were also sampled for chironomid pupal exuviae. Water data revealed alkalinity, conductivity and phosphorus decreased while pH and dissolved oxygen increased after pond restoration. Chironomid species diversity, similarity and species compositional change were compared pre- and post-restoration. Assessments were made of chironomid species associated with colonisation of restored ponds as well as ponds without such management. After scrub and sediment removal the earliest colonisation of the ponds was by mud-eating species with rapid colonisation traits such as parthenogenesis, multiple generations in one year and tolerance of low oxygen conditions. Subsequent plant growth due to the opening up of the canopy led to consequent improved oxygenation and habitat structure. Other chironomid species dependent on these conditions were then able to compete with the early colonisers. Restoration also made a significant improvement in the number of chironomid species, as assessed by rarefaction curves.

scholarly journals Life history of Capnia bifrons (Newman, 1838) (Plecoptera: Capniidae) in a small Apennine creek, NW Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Tiziano ◽  
Manuel Jesús López-Rodríguez ◽  
Alessandro Mogni ◽  
Josè Manuel Tierno de Figueroa ◽  
Stefano Fenoglio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life History ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Coarse Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nw Italy

The biology of stoneflies from Apennine mountain system is little known. In the present study, we provide information on the life cycle, secondary production, nymphal feeding and flight period of <i>Capnia bifrons</i> (Newman, 1838) in the Albedosa creek (NW Italy). At this study site, the species has a univoltine life cy- cle, with a relatively short and fast nymphal development period and high annual secondary production. Nymphs feed mainly on detritus but incorporate also other food items in their diet, such as coarse particulate organic matter and fungi. Ontogenetic shift from collector-gatherer to shredder habits is detected. Emer- gence is in February–April, slightly late compared to northern populations.

scholarly journals Life History of the Marine Isopod Cyathura polita in the Saint John River Estuary, New Brunswick: a Species at the Northern Extent of its Range

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Mercer ◽  
Glenys D. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
East Coast ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Saint John ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
One Year

The marine isopod, Cyathura polita, inhabits estuaries on the east coast of North America from the Gulf of Mexico to the Bay of Fundy, Canada. We studied C. polita in the Saint John estuary to test for potential differences in life history that might occur because of the northern location of the population. In the Saint John, based on our interpretation from a six-month sampling program (May-October), the population exhibits a three-year life cycle, one year longer than more southern populations, and stretching over four summers. Our study supported the occurrence of protogynic hermaphroditism. After two summers as juveniles, individuals matured as females during their third summer, then displayed sex reversal by becoming males that fall, and finally reproducing as males in their fourth summer of life before death. Mean length of C. polita from the Saint John was greater than individuals from more southern populations (females, 13.8 ± 2.14 mm; males, 16.3 ± 2.41 mm). Annual brood release occurred in late July-early August. Mean fecundity of females was 53.2 ± 18.9 embryos per brood, which was greater than found in southern populations. Cyathura polita is rare in Canada and is known only from the Saint John and along the northern shore of the Bay of Fundy to the border of the United States.

Life in the trees: the ecology and life history of Kentropyx striatus (Teiidae) in the lavrado area of Roraima, Brazil, with comments on the life histories of tropical teiid lizards

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1995-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie J. Vitt ◽  
Celso Morato de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
History Of

The ecology and life history of the tropical teiid lizard Kentropyx striatus were studied in a grassland of northern Brazil, the lavrado area. The area, located nearly at the equator, experiences a prolonged dry season with a wet season extending from May to September. Total annual rainfall averages 1750 mm. Lizards were nonrandomly distributed among habitat patches and microhabitats. Most individuals were in trees and shrubs surrounding temporary and permanent water. Most individuals were observed active during late morning, the time period during which feeding and social interactions were observed. Lizards bask to achieve active body temperatures averaging 35.7 ± 0.23 °C. Body temperature is correlated with both substrate and air temperatures; foraging lizards maintained higher temperatures than basking lizards regardless of whether they were in sun, and lizards sampled when there was cloud cover had lower body temperatures than those sampled when sun was available. Females reach sexual maturity at 74 mm snout–vent length (SVL), produce 3–9 eggs per clutch, reproduce more than once per season, and commence reproduction during the wet season. Lizards hatch from eggs at 31 mm SVL. Maturity appears to be reached in 1 year or less. Overall, female reproductive characteristics are similar to those of other tropical teiid lizards that have been studied, with body size explaining much of the variance in reproductive characteristics across species. There is pronounced sexual dimorphism, with males larger in body size as well as certain other characteristics independent of body size. Sexual dimorphism appears to be a consequence of sexual selection. The diet is varied, but is dominated volumetrically by frogs, eruciform larvae, and spiders. Lizard body size accounted for only 5.5% of the variance in prey size and there was no difference in prey size due to sex. The occurrence of frogs and lizards in K. striatus stomachs suggests that teiid lizards may influence the structure of lizard and frog assemblages. The similarity of K. striatus to other studied tropical teiids in reproductive characteristics, morphology, activity period, activity temperatures, and diet underscore the conservative nature of the ecology of teiid lizards, presumably a consequence of their mode of prey acquisition.

Influence of Overwintering Stresses on Respiration Throughout the Life History of the Freshwater Leech, Nephelopsis obscura

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Davies ◽  
V. Kalarani
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Nephelopsis Obscura ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

The effects of overwintering stresses (low temperature, low oxygen concentration) on the life history patterns of activity-specific oxygen consumption by Nephelopsis obscura were determined using a flow-through respirometer system and compared with leeches hatched and maintained under summer conditions. While resting and active oxygen consumption increased with body dry weight, weight-specific resting (Rm) and active (Ra) oxygen consumption and aerobic scope (AS) decreased with increase in body weight in both winter and summer N. obscura. Rm in winter leeches was higher than in summer leeches, probably reflecting the higher metabolic costs of tissue repair and maintenance after winter stresses. Although Ra and AS in winter leeches were initially lower than in summer leeches, by stage 4, compensation in winter leeches was complete and by stage 6, over-compensation occurred. The effects of overwintering on oxygen consumption and AS persisted throughout the life history and help explain some of the differences in allocation of energy storage observed in winter and summer leeches.

scholarly journals Life history of the terrestrial snail Ovachlamys fulgens (Stylornmatophora: Helicarionidae) under laboratory conditions

2015 ◽  
pp. 369-384
Author(s):  
Zaidett Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Terrestrial Snail ◽  
History Of

Durante 16 meses se estudió en laboratorio la biología básica de Ovachlamys fulgens en Costa Rica. Esta especie se reprodujo sin copular (N= 40) Y su longevidad fue de nueve meses (N= 22). La oviposición inició a los 42 días de haber eclosionado y con 5.12 mm de diámetro de concha (N= 24). Los huevos fueron depositados en camadas diarias de alrededor de tres huevos (N= 252). Existe una correlación positiva entre la edad y el diámetro de la concha del progenitor y el tamaño de la camada (N= 1097), y entre el diámetro de los huevos y el de la concha de adultos y neo natos (N= 136). Los huevos de cáscara suave son depositados semi-hidratados y se hidratan absorbiendo agua del entorno (N= 21). Esta estrategia puede ser el resultado evolutivo entre una limitación mecánica (pequeño tamaño corporal) y la ventaja de producir huevos más grandes con más sustancias nutritivas. Los huevos tardan 14 días en eclosionar a 21°C- (N= 67). La disolución de la cáscara del huevo no es uniforme (N= 107), sino que comienza en un área específica, que normalmente es en la que reposa (N=46). El hecho de que huevos sin embrión (N= 5) pasen por el mismo proceso de disolusión de la cáscara sugiere que éste es de carácter químico. El embrión no induce el proceso, pero si lo acelera. Los taninos de la hojarasca que rodea los huevos reduce su viabilidad (N= 50).

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