Origin and fate of hydrocarbons in Sullom Voe

1981 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
J. M. Davies ◽  
R. Johnston ◽  
K. J. Whittle ◽  
P. R. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Chemical Analyses

SynopsisThe results of chemical analyses for hydrocarbon components in the surface water film, water, sediment traps and sediments are presented for samples collected during the period 1973–78. The n-alkane profiles of these samples are used to characterise the hydrocarbons and to help in determining their origin. The amounts of hydrocarbon present are compared to the estimated inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons from operational losses and accidents based upon analogies with worldwide averages and with data taken from other similar oil terminals. Some conclusions are drawn as to the likely fate of this oil in Sullom Voe.

Canine Oil Detection (K9-SCAT) following 2015 Releases from the T/V Arrow Wreck

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2620-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Owens ◽  
H.C. Dubach ◽  
P. Bunker ◽  
S. MacDonald ◽  
Z. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Capability Of Detection ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Coverage Rates

Abstract The T/V Arrow sank in 1970, spilling Bunker C fuel oil into Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia. In the summer and fall of 2015, residual oil leaked from the sunken vessel and re-oiled shorelines in the Bay. A K9-SCAT field study, funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), was conducted in June 2016 to assess the capability of detection canines to locate stranded oil following the new releases. The canine detected small amounts of weathered surface oil that were barely visible, and in some cases, not visible, to the SCAT-trained observers, as well as subsurface oil on mixed- and coarse-sediment beaches. The average speed of a survey, in terms of the length of shoreline covered, varied depending on the shore type and the width of the survey band. The most challenging site was a steep bedrock shoreline with an alongshore survey rate of 0.2 linear km/hour. Typical alongshore coverage rates for the wide, mixed sediment were in the range 0.7 to 1.2 linear km/hour, and for both straight, wide sand beaches were 1.2 km/hour. The highest alongshore rate was 2.4 linear km/hour for the narrow beach on Janvrin Island. The successful detection of 2015 T/V Arrow cargo oil (both naturally stranded and intentionally planted) on selected Chedabucto Bay shorelines indicates that there is a low risk, high confidence level that the canine did not miss subsurface oil, although that possibility may exist. Where the canine made an alert and no surface oil was visible, chemical analyses of sediment samples indicated that weathered petroleum hydrocarbons were present at those locations and, therefore, the canine had made correct alerts. The results provide further “proof of concept” for K9-SCAT teams to support surface and subsurface oil detection during traditional shoreline assessment surveys.

Validation Study of Road Surface Water Film Depth Prediction Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Luo ◽  
Jian Bei Liu ◽  
Teng Feng Guo ◽  
Cheng Yu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Water Film Thickness ◽  
Depth Prediction

Surface water film thickness is one of the main factors, which affect the vehicle safety on slippery roads. Water film depth is influenced by rainfall intensity, grades, cross slopes, drainage length and pavement texture. This paper reviews the research status and makes some comparative analysis of several pavement water film depth prediction models. An experimental validation has verified and calibrated the existing water film depth prediction models results. The experimental validation of the variable in the slope water flow model has been implemented by means of a small scale physical road model in a rainfall simulator, which is constructed in a laboratory. The results of comparative analysis have shown that in the existing water film depth prediction models, the regression models predict values are more closely than mathematical-physical models. Because under different experimental conditions, the regression model calibration parameters are different. In the case of specific road characteristics for prediction of water film thickness, the model parameters can be calibrated to further improve predicting accuracy.

scholarly journals Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) Levels in the Surface Water of Lake Sapanca, Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Pelin Saliha ÇİFTÇİ TÜRETKEN ◽  
Gülşen ALTUĞ ◽  
Esra Billur BALCIOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

scholarly journals Status of Surface Water from Selected Areas of Coastal Guyana and the Removal of Toxic Contaminants, using a Suitable Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was done, to compare the status of surface water taken from two different locations within the coastal areas of Guyana, before and after treatment with a peanut biomass adsorbent. The water samples were collected from Parika Bushy Park and Vreed En Hoop and stored in water bottles. It was then submitted for physical and chemical analyses using versatile standard methods. These include test for heavy metals cations (Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, and Al), test for anions (chlorides, sulphates, phosphates) along with the physical parameters (turbidity and conductivity). There was no detection for the toxic lead and cadmium cations at either surface water. The adsorbent was effective in removing Fe<sup>2+</sup> at both surface water as there was a decrease in concentration. For example, at Vreed En Hoop surface water, the concentration of Fe<sup>2+</sup> decrease from (8.42 ± 2.14 mg/L) to (5.56± 3.42 mg/L), 33.96% reduction, after treatment with the adsorbent. For the Al<sup>3+</sup> cation, there was a decrease in the concentration of Al<sup>3+</sup> from (5.97 ± 0.67mg/L) to (4.20 ± 1.90 mg/L ), 29.65%. For the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> and Cl- anions, there was a decrease in concentration at the Vreed En Hoop surface water, after treatment with the adsorbent. With SO42-, the concentration decrease from 346 ± 3.15 mg/L to 293 ± 1.77 mg/L, 15.31%, whilst that for chloride, Cl-, decrease from 116 ± 1.75 mg/L to 102 ± 1.70 mg/L, 12.07% reduction. Thus, the peanut shell should find application in the removal of selective cations and anions from surface water.

Effects of a surface water film on the interaction of Er:YAG radiation with dental hard tissues in vitro

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Attrill ◽  
Simon R. Farrar ◽  
A. S. Blinkhorn ◽  
R. M. Davies ◽  
Mark R. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Hard Tissues
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