Micro Black Holes Near the Earth’s Surface: Case Reports Explained

UFO reports can in many cases be explained by tiny black holes (down antiquarks) floating in the atmosphere. The geomorphology of the locations where these are observed are the explaining factor. It helps to better understand the physics of black holes. Cases in Hessdalen, in Nuremberg, in Basel, in the Vallée des Merveilles and in Krasnoyarsk are surveyed and precisely explained.

Identification of Geo – Hazard Using Pore Pressure Analysis in ‘MAC’ Field, Niger Delta

Identification of geo-hazard zones using pore pressure analysis in ‘MAC’ field was carried out in this research. Suite of wireline logs from four wells and RFT pressure data from two wells were utilized. Lithologic identification was done using gamma ray log. Resistivity log was used to delineate hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon formations. Well log correlation helps to see the lateral continuity of the sands. Pore pressure prediction was done using integrated approaches. The general lithology identified is alternation of sand and shale units. The stratigraphy is typical of Agbada Formation. Three reservoirs delineated were laterally correlated. Crossplot of Vp against density (Rho) colour coded with depth revealed that disequilibrium compaction is the main overpressure generating mechanism in the field. Prediction of overpressure by normal compaction trend was generated and plot of interval transit time against depth show that there is normal compaction from 250m to about 1700 m on MAC-01, but at a depth of about 1800m, there was abnormal pressure build up that shows the onset of overpressure. A relatively normal compaction was observed on MAC-02 until a depth of about 2100m where overpressure was suspected. The prediction of formation pore pressure using Eaton’s and Bower’s method to determine the better of the two methods to adopt for pore pressure prediction shows that the pore pressure prediction using Eaton’s method gave a better result similar to the acquired pressure in the field. Hence Eaton’s method appears to be better suited for formation pore pressure estimation in ‘MAC’ field. The validation of the pore pressure analysis results with available acquired pressure data affirmed the confidence in the interpreted results for this study.

Petrophysical Analysis of ‘Bright’ Field, Onshore Niger Delta

Petrophysical analysis is key to the success of any oil exploration and exploitation work and this task requires evaluation of the reservoir parameters in order to enhance accurate estimation of the volume of oil in place. This research work involves the use of suite of well logs from 4-wells to carry out the petrophysical analysis of ‘Bright’ Field Niger Delta. The approach used includes lithology identification, reservoir delineation and estimation of reservoir parameters. Two sand bodies were mapped across the entire field showing their geometry and lateral continuity, gamma ray and resistivity logs were used to delineate the reservoirs prior to correlation and relevant equations were used to estimate the reservoir parameters. The result of the petrophysical analysis showed variations in the reservoir parameters within the two correlated sand bodies with high hydrocabon saturation in sand 1 well 1 while the remaining wells within the correlated wells are water bearing. The porosity values range from 0.19 to 0.32, volume of shale from 0.15 to 0.40, water saturation from 0.20 to 0.92 for the sand bodies.

Important Geophysical Comments for Nuclear Engineers and for the World Climate Democracy

These are important comments that give examples for physicists, geophysics specialists, climate scientists and other scientific professions as they may attempt to organize systems « playing with fire » (trying to achieve more profit by going near the red line of the accident) and offer a fair suggestion for the modern-time « climate democracy » with a Popperian proposal on a climate standard.

Methane Production from Carbondioxide in Polluted Areas Using Graphene Doped Ni/ NiO Nanocomposite via Photocatalysis

Background: Photocatalysis for the production of solar fuels and particularly to perform CO2 reduction with a sufficiently high efficiency depends to the presence of H2 and absence of H2 O using graphene doped Ni/ NiO nanocomposite. Objective: To examine the methane production from carbondioxide in polluted areas using graphene doped Ni/ NiO nanocomposite via photocatalysis with the use of dimethylaniline and xylene as electron donors. Methods: With 2 mg/l graphene doped Ni/ NiO nanocomposite with a Ni content of 19% wt from 786 μmol/h CO2 gas 563 μl CH4 /g Ni.h was obtained at 160oC temperature and the quantum yield was detected as 1.99%. It was found that H2 O has a negative influence on the photocatalytic activity. Under continuous flow operation, water molecules were easier desorbed from the graphene doped Ni/NiO photocatalyst Results: The maximum CH4 production rate was 650 μl/h for 2.4 mg of graphene doped Ni/ NiO nanocomposite after a detectione time of 17 min. Dimethylaniline and xylene were used as electron donors and 1.2 ml/l dimethylaniline and 0.9 ml/l xylene enhanced the CH4 productions by 8% and 12% as quenching factor. Conclusion: Photocatalysis methods was effected for methane production from carbondioxide in polluted areas using graphene doped Ni/ NiO nanocomposite with the use of dimethylaniline and xylene as electron donors.

Moving and Fixed Biological Biofilm Systems in Wastewater Treatmentwhen dose an Application Makes Sense

This study demonstrates the optimization of different Biofilm applications in wastewater treatment for a cost-effective solution. The increase of wastewater treatment cost because of high treatment efficiency requested and energy consumption makes such applications very interested in this field. Therefore, aerated reactors for wastewater treatment units were designed to work as Submerged Fixed Biofilm Bed, on the basis of biofilm-microorganisms attached to monolithic plastic supports to increase the treatment efficiency. This application depends on the aerobic process and achieved by the aeration in BOD reduction and Nitrifications reactors (Oxidation of organic compounds and nitrification). This was implemented by mixing and transport treatment processes within the biofilm attached to the plastic fixed media. The anaerobic reactor in this study was designed also to be simultaneous the de-nitrification stage by the application of a moving bed de-nitrification reactor which was considered as a part of the wastewater treatment process to achieve high treatment efficiency for the study pilot plant. The one-year-scientific evaluation was conducted onsite for the municipal wastewater pilot plant includes a test series with well-defined treatment parameters (soft mixing of the suspending the moving bed carriers; intermediate solids removal unit prior to the nitrification reactors; the mechanism for preventing the carriers to move with the flow into the subsequent reactor) such as waste-water-flow, quality, temperature, salinity, organic and hydraulic load and extensive sampling). The above application of the compact-container-system is considered as a typical field of application, for the following reasons: Need of quality improvements discharged into water body, which is often in the vicinity of bathing beaches; Need for Nutrient-Removal-Systems to avoid algae growth going into water bodies and; Space limitations in a resort and saving the implementation capital cost). The comparison between the application of the biofilm concept and the activated sludge system saved more than 40% tank size; 85% space/area; and up to 30% construction cost.

Application of Transient Electromagnetic Methods to the Safety Surveying of Coal Mines Production in the Datong Coalfield, China

There were a lot of water hazard accidents in coal mines, due to the lacking of effective methods for the coalfield surveying. The transient electromagnetic approach is one of such methods and was applied to examine the safety surveying of coal mine in the Datong coal mines during last two decades. Although there had been many successful cases of using the methods to the surveying of gobs water, meanwhile there were some difficulties to accurately detect and measure the size and location of gob water points, which still need to refine the advance of transient electromagnetic method.

Status of Surface Water from Selected Areas of Coastal Guyana and the Removal of Toxic Contaminants, using a Suitable Adsorbent

This study was done, to compare the status of surface water taken from two different locations within the coastal areas of Guyana, before and after treatment with a peanut biomass adsorbent. The water samples were collected from Parika Bushy Park and Vreed En Hoop and stored in water bottles. It was then submitted for physical and chemical analyses using versatile standard methods. These include test for heavy metals cations (Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, and Al), test for anions (chlorides, sulphates, phosphates) along with the physical parameters (turbidity and conductivity). There was no detection for the toxic lead and cadmium cations at either surface water. The adsorbent was effective in removing Fe²⁺ at both surface water as there was a decrease in concentration. For example, at Vreed En Hoop surface water, the concentration of Fe²⁺ decrease from (8.42 ± 2.14 mg/L) to (5.56± 3.42 mg/L), 33.96% reduction, after treatment with the adsorbent. For the Al³⁺ cation, there was a decrease in the concentration of Al³⁺ from (5.97 ± 0.67mg/L) to (4.20 ± 1.90 mg/L ), 29.65%. For the SO₄^2- and Cl- anions, there was a decrease in concentration at the Vreed En Hoop surface water, after treatment with the adsorbent. With SO42-, the concentration decrease from 346 ± 3.15 mg/L to 293 ± 1.77 mg/L, 15.31%, whilst that for chloride, Cl-, decrease from 116 ± 1.75 mg/L to 102 ± 1.70 mg/L, 12.07% reduction. Thus, the peanut shell should find application in the removal of selective cations and anions from surface water.

Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) From Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Using Agrowaste-Modified Kaolinite Clay

This study showed that kaolinite clay modified with Moringa oleifera pods is a promising low cost adsorbent for the removal of metals from aqueous solution because the resultant composite has higher adsorption capacities, and hence a better metal ions removal efficiency. The efficiencies of these adsorbents for the removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions were studied as a function of pH, time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose. Adsorption results showed that pH did significantly affect removal of heavy metal ions between pH 3 and 6. Increasing contact time and initial metal ion concentration increased the sorption capacity of the adsorbent for the metal ions. Adsorbent dosage indicated mainly surface phenomena involving sharing of electrons between the adsorbent surface and the metal ion species. The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions of both metal ions at different initial metal ion concentrations reduced the initial adsorption rates of the adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) by unmodified and modified kaolinite clay.

Protection of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

The CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants doesn’t threaten their survival. The resolution was approved in 1963 with a draft at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Convention entered into force on 1 July 1975. Bangladesh ratified the convention in November 1981. The parties state of the CITES has been binding towards it. It regulates the international trade in specimens of selected species to a specific mechanism. All import, export, re-export, and introduction from the sea of species covered by the Convention have to be authorized through a licensing system. Each State party to the Convention is required to delegate one or more Management Authorities responsible of controlling that licensing system. The term ‘‘import’’ means to land on, bring into, or introduce into or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into, anywhere subject to the jurisdiction of the States. Moreover, it included whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the customs laws of the States.