CLEX: A cross-linguistic lexical norms database*

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUNE NØRGAARD JØRGENSEN ◽  
PHILIP S. DALE ◽  
DORTHE BLESES ◽  
LARRY FENSON
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Lexical Norms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lexical Data

ABSTRACTParent report has proven a valid and cost-effective means of evaluating early child language. Norming datasets for these instruments, which provide the basis for standardized comparisons of individual children to a population, can also be used to derive norms for the acquisition of individual words in production and comprehension and also early gestures and symbolic actions. These lexical norms have a wide range of uses in basic research, assessment and intervention. In addition, cross-linguistic comparisons of lexical development are greatly facilitated by the availability of norms from diverse languages. This report describes the development of CLEX, a new web-based cross-linguistic database for lexical data from adaptations of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. CLEX provides tools for a range of analyses within and across languages. It is designed to incorporate additional language datasets easily, and to permit users to define mappings between lexical items in pairs of languages for more specific cross-linguistic comparisons.

The MacArthur-Bates CDI-III for Spanish-speaking Children

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Jackson-Maldonado+ ◽  
Virginia A. Marchman ◽  
Philip Dale ◽  
Marta Rubio-Codina
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Multiple Languages

Parent report measures have been shown to be effective, valid and cost-effective means for obtaining information about early child language development. There are several measures available in multiple languages for children below the age of 3. There has been a need for such measures for older children. This study presents the development of a Spanish version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory-III for children 2 ½ to 4 years of age. A total of 571 families of monolingual Spanish-speaking children from a diverse socio-economic group were asked to fill out the parent report measure in order to obtain a norming sample. Data are presented by age and socio-economic groups that show developmental growth curves for vocabulary production and sentence complexity. Norming tables that show variability by ages are presented. Additional information is given for a General Concepts section. This study presents a new parent report instrument that can be used both clinically and for research purposes.

Early lexical development in Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Jackson-Maldonado ◽  
Donna Thal ◽  
Virginia Marchman ◽  
Elizabeth Bates ◽  
Vera Gutierrez-Clellen
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Spanish Language Acquisition

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the early lexical development of a group of 328 normal Spanish-speaking children aged 0;8 to 2;7. First the development and structure of a new parent report instrument,Inventario del Desarollo de Habilidades Communcativasis described. Then five studies carried out with the instrument are presented. In the first study vocabulary development of Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers is compared to that of English-speaking infants and toddlers. The English data were gathered using a comparable parental report, theMacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. In the second study the general characteristics of Spanish language acquisition, and the effects of various demographic factors on that process, are examined. Study 3 examines the differential effects of three methods of collecting the data (mail-in, personal interview, and clinic waiting room administration). Studies 4 and 5 document the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results show that the trajectories of development are very similar for Spanish-and English-speaking children in this age range, that children from varying social groups develop similarly, and that mail-in and personal interview administration techniques produce comparable results. Inventories administered in a medical clinic waiting room, on the otherhand, produced lower estimates of toddler vocabulary than the other two models.

A method for correcting acoustic finite-difference amplitudes for elastic effects

Geophysics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. T243-T255 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. D. Hobro ◽  
Chris H. Chapman ◽  
Johan O. A. Robertsson
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
P Wave ◽  
S Waves ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Acoustic Simulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elastic Simulation

We present a new method for correcting the amplitudes of arrivals in an acoustic finite-difference simulation for elastic effects. In this method, we selectively compute an estimate of the error incurred when the acoustic wave equation is used to approximate the behavior of the elastic wave equation. This error estimate is used to generate an effective source field in a second acoustic simulation. The result of this second simulation is then applied as a correction to the original acoustic simulation. The overall cost is approximately twice that of an acoustic simulation but substantially less than the cost of an elastic simulation. Because both simulations are acoustic, no S-waves are generated, so dispersed converted waves are avoided. We tested the characteristics of the method on a simple synthetic model designed to simulate propagation through a strong acoustic impedance contrast representative of sedimentary geology. It corrected amplitudes to high accuracy for reflected arrivals over a wide range of incidence angles. We also evaluated results from simulations on more complex models that demonstrated that the method was applicable in realistic sedimentary models containing a wide range of seismic contrasts. However, its accuracy was reduced for wide-angle reflections from very high impedance contrasts such as a shallow top-salt interface. We examined the influence of modeling at coarse grid resolutions, in which converted S-waves in the equivalent elastic simulation are dispersed. These results provide some validation for the accuracy of the method when applied using finite-difference grids designed for acoustic modeling. The method appears to offer a cost-effective means of modeling elastic amplitudes for P-wave arrivals in a useful range of velocity models. It has several potential applications in imaging and inversion.

Light Rail Lite or Cost-Effective Improvements to Bus Service?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Hess ◽  
Brian D. Taylor ◽  
Allison C. Yoh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The Cost

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is growing rapidly in popularity because it is viewed widely as an efficient and effective means to improve both transit service and patronage. This paper argues that two distinct views of BRT are emerging: ( a) BRT as a new form of high-speed, rubber-tired, rail-like rapid transit and ( b) BRT as a cost-effective way to upgrade both the quality and image of traditional fixed-route bus service. These two views carry different price tags because the cost of planning, constructing, and operating BRT depends on the complexity of new service features and on rises for BRT that offer service characteristics approaching those of light rail. This study fills a gap in the literature on the costs of BRT by examining in detail component costs–-actual costs for recently implemented services and projected costs for planned new services–-for a sample of BRT systems in North American cities. The study examined BRT costs of 14 planned and recently opened BRT systems to determine how the wide range of BRT service and technology configurations affect costs. The study found that although some of the most successful and popular new BRT systems are high-quality services operating in mixed traffic and implemented at relatively low cost, most BRT projects on the drawing boards are more elaborate, more expensive systems than many currently in service. Most new BRT projects emphasize elaborate LRT-type improvements to lines and stations in one or a few corridors rather than less splashy improvements (such as next-bus monitors, signal preemption, queue-jump lanes, and so forth) affecting more lines and modes in local transit networks. Among the 14 systems examined here, most could be characterized as light rail lite.

Development of a General Use Quarter-Vehicle Test Rig

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Langdon ◽  
Steve C. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Vehicle Testing

This paper discusses the development of an improved design for a tire-coupled quarter-vehicle testing rig. The use of indoor-based simulation tools has become a mainstay in vehicle testing for the automotive and motorsports industries. Testing on a quarter-vehicle rig provides a cost effective means for making accurate and repeatable measurements that enables the user to perform a relatively large number of tests in a short amount of time. A review of current quarter-vehicle test platforms, both commercially available and in academic research labs, indicated that many desired functional requirements were not available. The goal of this effort was to develop a new quarter-vehicle rig with expanded capabilities that are not simultaneously present in the current state-of-the-art. The desired functional requirements are: accommodation of a wide range of actual vehicle suspension components including the tire and wheel, weight transfer due to braking and acceleration, aerodynamic forces, and vehicle roll. The test rig was constructed and tested using a Porsche 996 suspension. The suspension dynamics were characterized by fitting the parameters of a linear dynamic model to experimental response data from the rig. The design and performance of this new quarter-vehicle test rig is shown to be a cost effective solution for meeting the broad range of functional requirements.

The Role of Ultrasound-Guided Therapeutic Paracentesis in an Outpatient Transitional Care Program: A Case Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Wang ◽  
Shahida Khan ◽  
Paige Wyer ◽  
Jessica Vanderwilp ◽  
Justin Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Care ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Refractory Ascites ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ed Visits

Background: Patients with ascites suffer from distressing symptoms and are at high risk for readmission after hospitalization. Timely paracentesis is an important palliative tool in managing this vulnerable population. At our institution, we have developed a multidisciplinary transitional care program for patients discharged from the hospital with a wide range of complex conditions including refractory ascites. Methods: We present a case series of 10 patients with symptomatic ascites who were enrolled in our transitional care program and treated with ultrasound-guided therapeutic paracentesis in our clinic. Patient medical records were retrospectively reviewed to collect procedure details, outcomes, and follow-up data on emergency department (ED) visits and readmissions. Cost data were obtained from the hospital financial system. Results: Over the span of 9 months (September 2016 to July 2017), 22 total therapeutic paracenteses were performed on 10 unique patients in the transitional care clinic. Median age of the patient cohort was 52.5 years (range: 27-71 years). All patients reported immediate relief of ascites-related discomfort following the procedure. We did not observe any major adverse effects due to the in-clinic procedure. Nine of the 10 patients did not have any ED visits or readmissions within 30 days of discharge. The cost of performing ultrasound-guided paracentesis in the transitional care clinic was US$546.77 compared to US$978.32 when performed in the hospital. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that outpatient paracentesis may be a safe, feasible, and cost-effective means of providing symptom management for patients with ascites during their transition from hospital to home.

Description of a Remote Still Photography System for Collection of Benthic Photo-Quadrats

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris I. Waddington ◽  
Ben W. Piek ◽  
Antony D. Payne ◽  
Simon L. Grove ◽  
Euan S. Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Short Baseline ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

AbstractQuantitative sampling of benthic communities is central to a wide range of ecological research, from understanding spatial distribution and ecology to impact studies. With the need to sample deep as well as shallow regions, limited sampling capabilities of diver-based methods and the expanding footprint of human activity, there is a need for an effective system capable of classifying benthic assemblages and able to monitor potential anthropogenic impacts. Here we describe a remote system capable of collecting benthic photo-quadrats to depths of 100 m. A procedure for the classification of these images into 64 abiotic and biotic categories is also described. During a 64-day sampling program that included sampling at seven locations along 1,200 km of coastline that resulted in the collection of over 9,000 images, only one day of sampling was lost due to equipment malfunction, with 99.5% of points able to be classified to the taxonomic resolution required, demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of this system. Furthermore, the incorporation of differential GPS and ultra-short baseline positioning system allowed collected images to be geo-referenced to within 0.5 m. Such precision allows the system to be used in conjunction with hydroacoustic habitat mapping techniques and potentially for repeated monitoring of areas with a small spatial extent. Development of this system provides a cost-effective means of quantifying benthic assemblages over broad scales.

Evaluation of visual survey methods for monitoring Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) escapement in relation to conservation guidelines

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra R Holt ◽  
Sean P Cox
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Visual Survey ◽  
Wide Range

Canada’s Wild Salmon Policy requires that biological status of conservation units of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) be assessed regularly in relation to abundance-based benchmarks. Visual survey methods, in which periodic counts of spawning fish are made throughout a season, will likely be used for this purpose because they provide a cost-effective means of monitoring interannual trends in escapement. Trend detection performance for visual survey methods depends mainly upon consistency in (i) the ability of observers to detect fish and (ii) the annual timing of fish presence in the survey area. We developed a Monte Carlo simulation procedure to evaluate the ability of four visual survey methods (peak count, mean count, trapezoidal area-under-the-curve (AUC), and likelihood AUC) to detect 30% declines in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) escapement over 10 years (i.e., the magnitude of trend that would warrant listing a coho population as threatened using the listing criteria of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)) given realistic levels of variability in these two factors. The mean count outperformed all other approaches across a wide range of scenarios about true population dynamics and survey designs, suggesting that a simple mean count method is suitable for monitoring coho escapements in relation to COSEWIC guidelines.

scholarly journals Lyophilization and homogenization of biological samples improves reproducibility and reduces standard deviation in molecular biology techniques

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Molnar ◽  
Tamas Lakat ◽  
Adam Hosszu ◽  
Beata Szebeni ◽  
Anna Balogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Quantity

AbstractLyophilization is a cost-effective method for biological specimen preservation but detailed tissue-specific reference protocols are still lacking. Moreover, data are limited on the long-term stability of proteins and nucleic acids in lyophilized samples.Here, we offer lyophilization protocols for various rat and mouse tissues (kidney, heart, liver, lung, aorta, and skin) coupled with technical hints for optimal sample preparation. We demonstrate that lyophilized samples stored at 4 °C for 20 months can yield protein and RNA of similar quantity and quality to −80 °C storage, while phosphorylated proteins are preserved as well. Freeze-dried and subsequently pulverized samples can provide more consistent, more reliable data especially when investigating focal injuries, such as fibrosis. We developed a protocol for the concentration of biological solutions and achieved 20-times concentration in human peritoneal dialysis effluent solution which enables the previously unattainable detection of proteins in these samples. We established a method for water removal as well as accurate water content measurement of fecal samples, which can be valuable for gut metabolome analysis.Taken together, lyophilization is a valuable tool for the preservation of biological samples with many advantages. We aim to draw attention to the wide range of possibilities offered by freeze drying in pre-clinical or basic research.

scholarly journals Clinical feasibility study of an immunotropic drug for treatment of complicated pyodermas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Roman A. Khmel’nitskij ◽  
Аndrej V. Vislobokov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: Given a wide range of pathogenesis of the inflammatory process in pyoderma, which involves a variety of links in the immune response, work is underway to find ways to optimize immunocorrection in this pathology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and economic effectiveness of immunocorrection in severe and chronic forms of pyoderma with drugs from different pharmacological groups. Materials and methods: The data sources were prospective randomized comparative studies of therapy of 107 pyoderma patients aged 18 to 60 years, divided into groups. The patients of the first group additionally used a biologically active additive containing immunoactive molecules and transfer factors (TF) as an immunomodulator; the patients of the second group used glucosaminylmuramildipeptide (GMDP). The clinical effectiveness of regression of inflammatory symptoms on day 10 of treatment was analyzed. Based on the obtained data, the following types of pharmacoeconomical analysis were performed: calculation of the course price, the cost/effectiveness ratio, and the availability coefficient. Results and discussion: The results of the study showed that the number of cured patients was 91.4% in the first group and 97.2% in the second group of patients. The treatment cost when using the drug is by 970 rubles smaller; the cost/effectiveness ratio (CER) per patient was 1.8 higher for a drug containing transfer factors and amounted to 25.9. The calculation of the availability coefficient (AC) revealed a difference in glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide which was 2.1 times smaller. Conclusion: It was found that a drug based on glucosaminylmuramildipeptide is a more effective and cost-effective means of immunocorrection in severe forms of pyoderma. This confirms a faster regression of clinical manifestations of the disease and lower cost/effectiveness ratio and availability coefficient.

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