Publishing and Society: A Comparative Analysis of Bourdieu's Field Theory and Paradigm of External Analysis using the Case of the Book Publishing Industry in China

The publishing industry has a long history of development as an integral part of people's social life. This essay provides a preliminary exploration of the special status of the publishing industry in sociological research through a comparative analysis of Bourdieu's field theory and the Marxist-oriented external analysis paradigm. It critically assesses the Chinese publishing industry, with its strong political and complex historical background, by analyzing the external relations and field characteristics of the Chinese publishing industry. Due to the social peculiarities of China's socialist system coexisting with the market economy system, the state of political influence intersecting with social class influence is also taken into account in the analysis.

Research on the National New Energy Strategy From the Perspective of Political Economics

Based on the perspective of political economics analysis, this article conducts research on the national new energy strategy as the economic situation changes differently from the past. Under the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics, the new energy strategy is not only an inevitable choice for China as a responsible major country, but also a key measure to promoting high-quality economic development. Through the analysis of the main dilemmas faced by China’s implementation of new energy strategy, this article proposes to design policies in terms of core technology research, innovative industry financing, cultivating professional talents, and continuous expansion of opening up, to originate a high-quality development path for China.

Price stability - major macroeconomic objective

Price is a basic element of the market economy system and has become a leading economic category, due to its functions within it. Ensuring price stability is a major objective of the governance process, as it contributes to creating a relatively stable economic framework that allows for economic development and ensuring a sustained level of economic growth. The global economic crises, in parallel with the regional political instability, aggravated by the devastating consequences of the pandemic situation, emphasize once again the importance of the dynamics of price developments on the macroeconomic situations of contemporary states.

Correlation Analysis of Social Transition, Economic Management and Educational Reform in China and Europe

In the context of social transformation in China and Europe, economic management reform in China and Europe is struggling, and education development is in urgent need of innovation. Based on the above situation, this article puts forward a study on the economic management and education reform of China and Europe. With the continuous deepening of social transformation and economic management reform in China and Europe, this article analyzes the correlation between social transformation and economic management reform in China and Europe, and constructs a correlation matrix of social transformation and economic management in China and Europe in the form of input value or output value. Favorable conditions for the rapid economic growth of Central European countries: establish a well-functioning market economy system, implement export-oriented economic policies, promote economic growth, make full use of the geographical advantages of China and Europe in social transformation and economic management reform, and population growth in China and Europe The slow characteristic is conducive to economic management reform. In the context of the social transformation of China and Europe, it puts forward suggestions on China-EU education reform to promote the sound development of European social education. In the year of economic recovery in Europe, the situation of economic management and social production in China and Europe has gradually improved. The GDPs of Central and European countries have got rid of negative growth, the inflation rate has continued to decline, and the development potential of social and economic management reform in China and Europe has gradually emerged. This is of great significance to promoting regional and global stability and development.

KONSEP PERTAHANAN SEBAGAI PUBLIC GOOD ATAU MONOPOLI ALAMIAH MENURUT SISTEM EKONOMI KERAKYATAN

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the debate about the economic concept which states that defense is a public good and which states that defense is not a public good but a natural monopoly based on understanding according to the market economy system and the populist economic system. This research is a qualitative research, the type of research uses a comprehensive analytical study and analytical normative approach. The approach in this study uses a descriptive approach. Is national defense public goods purely (public good)? We can divide this question into three parts. (1) Is the national defense of goods? (2) Does national defense have the characteristics of jointness? (3) And whether national defense has characteristics without exception (non-exclusion). Association in the sense of controlling the lives of many people is all branches of production of goods and services whose results are used by everyone, or almost everyone. So defense as a product can be interpreted as a branch of production that controls the lives of many people because it can be said that defense is the same concept as the concept of "basic needs". All people in the country of Indonesia need defense and this is also reinforced with the aim of having a state in paragraph IV of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution "Then to form an Indonesian government that protects all the people of Indonesia and all of Indonesia's blood." The results of this study state that the reason why the government supplies national defense is not because national defense is public goods. (1) that national defense is a natural monopoly and (2) citizens will fear that if a private company controls a monopoly, the owner of the company can use his power to overthrow the government.

Transformative Change Through Ecological Consumption and Production of Ancient Wheat Varieties in Tuscany, Italy

In the 2016 Volume 2 of the Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review (SITR), a summary of the activities of the Grani Antichi Association in Montespertoli, Tuscany, was introduced with a roll out plan for transformative change of the supply chain and possible replication of the project in other regions. The main goal of the project has been to restore and preserve ancient varieties of wheat, cultivate them sustainably and include a form of payment for the least compensated members of the production chain. The aims of the Association are to reduce the carbon footprint of modern agricultural practices and the landslides and soil erosion caused by them, to preserve biodiversity and most importantly, to improve farmers’ revenue, enabling them to safeguard the environment and improve health by cultivating healthy food. The preservation of social ties and local knowledge is an additional result. Markers of the project’s success include benefits that are equally distributed across the production chain, farmers who are motivated to cultivate ancient wheat varieties and the conversion of 500 ha of abandoned or conventionally cultivated land to a more sustainable and biodiverse system. The market economy system in place was dismantled, and farmers now have access to more economic benefits, which must be distributed fairly. Because the project provides a transformative model of production and consumption outside the traditional market economy system, it appears to function with a complete multi-sectoral chain, where producers, food processors and consumers agree on a set price for a defined product. This chapter provides a preliminary analysis of the successes and challenges related to the main project and to upscaling in different areas.

UNDERSTANDING LEGAL BARRIERS TO FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN AFGHANISTAN: A CASE STUDY IN HERAT INDUSTRIAL ZONE

Since a century ago, there have been many efforts to attract foreign investment in Afghanistan. These efforts include the codification of laws and policies and the provisionof facilities for participation of foreign companies in the Afghan economy through partnership with the government and partnership with private sector in this country. Since 2001, with the support of the market economy system in Afghanistan's constitution and the reform of some governmental institutions, these efforts have been accelerating, hoping thatencouraging foreign investors and their presence in the market will improve the economic situation. Unfortunately, these efforts have failed to meet the market expectations and the Afghanistan’s government purposes in order to attract foreign investment in Afghanistan. Even in 2014, and after that, the outflow of capital (domestic and foreign) has also beenreported from the economy of Afghanistan. Various variables can be considered as an obstacle to the development of foreign investment in Afghanistan, war, corruption, lack ofinfrastructure, lack of energy, lack of trained workforce and non-accountability of the legal system are in this category. In this research, it was assumed that the existing challenges in different sectors of legal framework of foreign investment in Afghanistan are the main obstacles to the growth of foreign investment in this country. In order to prove the hypothesis, the study was carried out using the experimental research method by referring to the investors and experts in the economic zone of Herat in western Afghanistan. The research results indicate that in some sectors, the legal system needs to be reformed, but in general and by comparing the legal system with other variables, the measure of investors' satisfaction is satisfactory, and regulations are not as the main obstacle to the growth of foreign investment in Afghanistan, thus based on the analysis of data, the existing challenges in the laws and policies is not the main obstacle to the growth of foreign investment in Afghanistan. Therefore, it is necessary for Afghanistan's government to take into account the challenges such as security problems, corruption, lack of infrastructure, lack of energy and lack of trained workforce and take steps to address them.

Research on the Teaching Management Mode of Applied Undergraduate Talents in the New Situation

Under the current market economy system, the market’s demand for application-oriented talents continues to increase, and the requirements for the comprehensive literacy and capabilities of talents are more stringent. In the new era, applied undergraduate colleges and universities must adapt to the changes in talent needs, and must do a good job of innovation in talent teaching management, optimizing the construction of curriculum teaching management mode, and promoting the realization of efficient talent training goals based on talent training goals and needs. In this regard, this article introduces the basic requirements of applied undergraduate talents under the new situation, analyzes the current basic status of talent teaching management in applied undergraduate colleges, and explores effective countermeasures for applied undergraduate talent teaching management under the new situation.