More than Peripheral: How Provinces Influence China's Foreign Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 735-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrye Wong
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
International Relations ◽  
South China ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

AbstractMost analyses of China's foreign and security policies treat China as a unitary actor, assuming a cohesive grand strategy articulated by Beijing. I challenge this conventional wisdom, showing how Chinese provinces can affect the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. This contributes to existing research on the role of subnational actors in China, which has focused on how they shape domestic and economic policies. Using Hainan and Yunnan as case studies, I identify three mechanisms of provincial influence – trailblazing, carpetbagging, and resisting – and illustrate them with examples of key provincial policies. This analysis provides a more nuanced argument than is commonly found in international relations for the motivations behind evolving and increasingly activist Chinese foreign policy. It also has important policy implications for understanding and responding to Chinese behaviour, in the South China Sea and beyond.

scholarly journals The Arctic as a “Strategic” and “Important” Chinese Foreign Policy Interest: Exploring the Role of Labels and Hierarchies in China’s Arctic Discourses

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810262110186
Author(s):  
Patrik Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Political Priority

Research confirms that China is becoming more engaged in the Arctic. However, international relations scholarship often extrapolates from relatively few instances of activity to wide-ranging claims about Chinese priorities. Fortunately, Chinese political discourse is organised by labels that allow us to study how the Arctic is classified and ranked along China’s other foreign policy priorities. This article analyses two such classifications – “important maritime interest” and “strategic new frontier,” exploring how they have come about, what they mean, and how they add political priority to the Arctic. It argues that hierarchies are constructed in two ways: by adding gradients and by including/excluding categories of priority. It views categories as performative: they not only convey information about character and relative importance of interests but are also used for achieving different objectives. By focusing on foreign policy classifications, the article contributes to a more nuanced and precise understanding of China’s Arctic interests.

Nationalism, Social Influences, and Chinese Foreign Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Peter Gries
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Peer Socialization ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
First World ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter assesses the domestic sources of contemporary China’s foreign policy. In particular, it examines the importance of national identities, China’s worldviews, the socialization of Chinese, and particularly the role of nationalism. The chapter begins by arguing that social influences matter: the CCP has inextricably linked itself, society, and foreign policy by staking its domestic right to rule upon its foreign policy performance. The chapter then turns to the thorny empirical question of what we know about Chinese feelings and attitudes toward different parts of the world, from China’s Asian neighbors, to the admired and resented Euro-American First World, to Russia, and the dark and backwards Third World of Africa and Latin America. It then turns to the causes/drivers of these worldviews, arguing that both demographics (e.g., age and location) and individual predispositions (e.g., nationalism and cosmopolitanism) matter, but that political and peer socialization has a powerful constraining effect on the international attitudes of the Chinese people.

scholarly journals Mengapa tidak berperang? Norma Politik Luar Negeri Cina dan Konflik Laut Cina Selatan

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rosyidin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Military Capability ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Cooperative Security ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

South China Sea conflict is one of the most destabilizing factors in Southeast Asia. Despite it has occured for long time period, there has not been major wars among occupants. This puzzle challenges realist particularly ofense-defense theory stating that when perception of victory is greater than defeat, it will lead to war. China’s military capability is far greater than any contry in the region. Yet, China does not intent to attack others. Assumption that China is an offensive and hegemonic nation is not in accordance with reality. Material-based explanation cannot account for China’s foreign policy. This article seeks to explain why South China Sea conflict does not lead to war between occupants. Using constructivism in international relations, this article argues that China’s domestic norms of national security plays great role which constitute its foreign policy character. Norms of cooperative security or hezuo anquan which is rooted from Confucian culture emphasize on harmony and cooperation that generate self-restraint diplomacy. As a result, China would not employ its military power to solve South China Sea conflict. This article concludes that norms held by country constitute its interest and in turn guide state’s policy.

Next – without Covenants-2

2013 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
V. Mikheev ◽  
S. Lukonin ◽  
Y. Safronova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Policy Strategy

This paper raises the problem of the place determination and the role of the Popular Republic of China in the context of the modern multipolar world. The author reveals this question in the light of Chinese experience of political development in the XXth century, modern achievements as well as problems and contradictions in its foreign and domestic policy. The article also analyses “problem points” of the Chinese foreign policy and the contemporary international relations system which are China’s greatest concern for they threaten global stability. The author expounds and elucidates Chinese foreign policy strategy in the XXIth century and China’s mission in a changing world.

scholarly journals The Struggle for Minds and Influence: The Chinese Communist Party's Global Outreach

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-733
Author(s):  
Christine Hackenesch ◽  
Julia Bader
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Transnational Relations ◽  
External Relations ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
New Research ◽  
Economic Modernization

Abstract This paper addresses a largely overlooked actor in China's foreign relations, the International Department of the Communist Party of China (ID-CPC). Using publicly available documentation, we systematically analyze the patterns of the CPC's external relations since the early 2000s. Building on an intense travel diplomacy, the ID-CPC maintains a widely stretched network to political elites across the globe. The ID-CPC's engagement is not new; but since Xi Jinping took office, the CPC has bolstered its efforts to reach out to other parties. We find that party relations not only serve as an additional channel to advance China's foreign policy interests. Since President Xi has come to power, party relations also emerged as a key instrument to promote China's vision for reforming the global order. Moreover, China increasingly uses the party channel as a vehicle of authoritarian learning by sharing experiences of its economic modernization and authoritarian one-party regime. The cross-regional analysis of the CPC's engagement with other parties helps us to better understand the role of the CPC in Chinese foreign policy-making, pointing to a new research agenda at the intersection of China's foreign relations, authoritarian diffusion, and transnational relations.

scholarly journals COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Guest Speaker ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Intelligence Studies ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

On July 16th, 2020, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its third digital roundtable event of the year, COVID-19: China’s Foreign Policy in the South China Sea. The presentation was conducted by guest speaker Mr. Brett Witthoeft, senior analyst in N39 International Engagement, at Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) HQ at CFB Esquimalt, Canada’s west coast naval formation. Mr. Witthoeft’s presentation gave an overview of the South China Sea (SCS) and its importance as well as how this fits into the larger picture to the rest of the world. Subsequently, Mr. Witthoeft answered questions submitted by the audience, which focused on the ramifications of the SCS conflicts. APA Citation CASIS Vancouver. (2020). COVID-19: China’s foreign policy in the South China Sea. The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare, 3(2), 54-60. https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2408/1817.

scholarly journals Feminist perspective in Foreign Policy – A way to women’s visibility and participation in public sphere

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Rao
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Relationship

<p>In this paper it is intended to express, articulate and analyze the role of feminist perspective in foreign policy and how can it influence the foreign policies of nations, or can it unravel the masculinity and patriarchy that is part and parcel of International Relations, what measures are to be taken by nations to decrease the gender gaps, and how exactly can this help nations achieve gender equality and make women’s visibility and participation in public spaces a reality.</p> International Relation is a profound area that establishes the relations among different nations and foreign policies reflect a nation’s perspective towards others. Foreign policies determine the how and why of diplomacy, wars, friendly relations etc. etc., However while doing so nations have always shown a male oriented approach and the role of women either in diplomatic positions or in war fields or in peace keeping or senior positions in external affairs has been undermined worldwide. Feminist perspective in foreign policy tries to explain the relationship between men and women in International Politics and the gender roles that are designated among them. It also tries to explain the socio-politico-economic policies the nations implement, measures taken to eradicate the gender gaps that exists in this field and how women’s equal participation in social production can bring about a change in the political structure<div><br><div><br></div></div>

scholarly journals Feminist perspective in Foreign Policy – A way to women’s visibility and participation in public sphere

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Rao
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Relationship

<p>In this paper it is intended to express, articulate and analyze the role of feminist perspective in foreign policy and how can it influence the foreign policies of nations, or can it unravel the masculinity and patriarchy that is part and parcel of International Relations, what measures are to be taken by nations to decrease the gender gaps, and how exactly can this help nations achieve gender equality and make women’s visibility and participation in public spaces a reality.</p> International Relation is a profound area that establishes the relations among different nations and foreign policies reflect a nation’s perspective towards others. Foreign policies determine the how and why of diplomacy, wars, friendly relations etc. etc., However while doing so nations have always shown a male oriented approach and the role of women either in diplomatic positions or in war fields or in peace keeping or senior positions in external affairs has been undermined worldwide. Feminist perspective in foreign policy tries to explain the relationship between men and women in International Politics and the gender roles that are designated among them. It also tries to explain the socio-politico-economic policies the nations implement, measures taken to eradicate the gender gaps that exists in this field and how women’s equal participation in social production can bring about a change in the political structure<div><br><div><br></div></div>

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