Extensification of beef production - Effects of fertiliser N level on herbage yield, grazing days and performance of beef steers.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
M.G. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
N Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Production Effects

Existing grassland-based male beef production systems use 200 to 300 kg N/ha and require 9 to 11 t silage plus 700 to 1200 kg concentrates per animal produced. Output is in the range 700 to 800 kg carcass per ha. Arising from the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union, such beef production systems must be extensified if all the animals are to qualify for the special beef premium. The reformed CAP specifies a maximum stocking density of 2 livestock units (LU) per ha whereas existing systems operate at an intensity of 2.5 to 2.7 LU per ha. The objectives of the present study were (1) to extensify beef production (from dairy bred calves) so as to obtain more production from grazed grass and less from silage and concentrates and (2) to measure the effects of reduced fertiliser N usage on herbage production, stock carrying capacity and animal performance.

Effects of pasture fertiliser N level and winter diet type on performance, carcass and muscle traits of beef steers

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
M.G. Keane ◽  
P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
N Level ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
By Products ◽  
Diet Type

Use of high levels of fertiliser N on pasture and silage making can cause environmental pollution through nitrate leaching to ground water and accidental seepage of silage effluent to water courses. The reformed Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union promotes more extensive beef production on grassland to reduce these risks. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the consequences for animal performance and carcass traits of reducing fertiliser N and eliminating silage making in beef production.Forty eight Charolais x Friesian yearling steers (initial liveweight 358 kg) were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment at turn-out to pasture in April. The two factors were fertiliser N level (215 (Normal) and 57 (Low) kg/ha) over two consecutive grazing seasons and type of feed (grass silage or by-products) during the intervening winter.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF HORTICULTURAL FARM NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SIZE CLASSES AND CHANGES IN THEIR INCOME IN 2007-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (3) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Maryla Bieniek-Majka ◽  
Marta Guth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study is to determine changes in the structure of horticultural farms in EU countries in the years 2007-2017 and their incomes and determine the share of subsidies of the Common Agricultural Policy in the income of horticultural farms in studied groups. Horticultural farms from the European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network (EUFADN) of all EU countries were surveyed. A dynamic analysis of the structure of farm numbers in particular groups of economic size (ES6) was carried out, and then the average change in income and the share of subsidies in income within these groups in 2007 and 2017 were presented. As a result of the conducted research, changes in the number of horticultural farms in various groups of economic size were taken into account and the assumptions concerning the decreasing scale of fragmentation of horticultural farms were confirmed by a decrease in the number of the economically weakest groups and an increase in the number of medium and large farms. It was noted that, in the studied groups, the strongest income growths concerned farms with medium or high economic strength, which may mean that income had a significant impact on the process. Moreover, it results from the conducted research that existing institutional solutions additionally supported the tendency to reduce the scale of fragmentation of horticultural farms in the EU-12 due to the fact that the shares of subsidies were higher in groups with higher economic strength.

scholarly journals Agriculture and agricultural policy in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
D. Ahner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Agenda 2000 ◽  
The Eu

The paper deals with the particular stages of development of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the last forty years. The process and impacts of CAP reforms are analyzed for the particular production industries of agriculture. The paper also presents a detailed description of Agenda 2000 and mid-term review of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2002 that brought about many proposals for the future working of CAP after accession of Central and Eastern European countries.

scholarly journals The Economic Sustainability of Farms under Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union Countries

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guth ◽  
Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży ◽  
Bazyli Czyżewski ◽  
Sebastian Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Gap Ratio ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Common

The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of the Common Agricultural Policy’s (CAP) subsidies on the level of economic sustainability of farms by means of three-fold study. To determine the economic sustainability of farms the authors applied the income gap ratio. Next, the level of income differentiation between farms of various economic classes was established. The last part consisted of the recognition of statistically significant CAP schemes that shape agricultural income in farms of different size and in assessing how the respective subsidies should increase or decrease to fill the recognized gap, based on the coefficients of panel regression. The spatial scope covered all EU countries in 2005–2015. Results show that due to the CAP’s support the average income of farms has approached the average non-agricultural income, but distribution of this support favored the largest farms, increasing disparities within the sector.

Kształtowanie jednolitej wspólnej regulacji rynków rolnych w Unii Europejskiej i Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Osdoba
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
European Standards

Pending the entry into force of the Common Agricultural Organization of Agricultural Markets in 2007, there were twenty one coexisting industry market organizations as defined in the relevant basic EU regulations. Merging in one legal act the provisions of several dozen other EU regulations and looking at the single European market in a holistic and not sectoral way, illustrates the current way of running the Common Agricultural Policy, which seeks to comprehensively address the problems of the European agricultural market. From 1st September 2017, there has been a National Support Center for Agriculture, which took over the tasks of two liquidated agencies: the Agricultural Property Agency and the Agricultural Market Agency. Adaptation of the Polish legislation within the framework of agricultural policy will have to take into account the changes taking place in the Common Agricultural Policy in the future. From 1st October 2017, the sugar-producing quota system which existed for the last 50 years, setting the limits for individual Member States of the European Union, was terminated. This was the last system of agricultural quotas within the European Union. Following the harmonization of the Polish legislation with European standards, we are aware of the fact that the EU law is constantly facing changes.

Danish European Union Policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 486-501
Author(s):  
Mads Dagnis Jensen ◽  
Peter Nedergaard
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines Denmark’s different positions on European Union policies which vary in terms of the degree to which sovereignty has been transferred to the EU. Specifically, it traces trade policy (very high transfer), agricultural policy (high transfer), internal market (moderate transfer), and opt-outs (low transfer) diachronically to illuminate the extent to which positions have changed over time and the underlying factors behind these changes. While the level of politicization varies between the policy areas, and party political differences play a role, the general picture that emerges is interest based. According to this approach, Denmark is positive towards giving up sovereignty regarding policies it benefits from economically, while it is more reluctant towards policies involving the transfer of sovereignty and money that are not offset by net economic benefits. In this chapter, this is demonstrated through an analysis stretching back to the decades before Danish membership to the European Union. Denmark also seems to change policy positions when the economic benefits for the country changes, as seen in the case of the Common Agricultural Policy.

scholarly journals European perspectives on nitrogen fixation and the application of mineral nitrogen

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
L.R. Mytton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Subsidies

An analysis is made of the main factors influencing nitrogen use in the European Union (EU). The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is identified as a major factor. A brief explanation is given of its functions and of recent reforms which are aimed at reducing overproduction. These reforms should favour more efficient use of nitrogen. The reasons why this is difficult to achieve are explained and the major factors influencing our ability to balance the nitrogen economies of food production are identified. The interrelationship between these factors is then used to predict the impact of CAP reforms on research, on fertiliser use and on the wider use of legumes. Keywords: Common Agricultural Policy, Europe, farm subsidies, legumes, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen fertiliser, nitrogen fixation, over-production, pollution, soil organic matter

scholarly journals The Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union on the General Price Level of Countries that Joined in the Period from 2004 to 2007

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-255
Author(s):  
Ivana Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Price Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractApplication of The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union implies the existence of a single market (without customs duties on mutual trade), the community’s priority in meeting the needs for agricultural products (protection against imports) and the existence of financial solidarity (joint financing). Joining the European Union for new member states implies the termination of the implementation of the existing national agricultural policy and the the beginning of the implementation of the CAP. Although membership in the European Union implies many advantages, the period after joining this community can be quite economically unstable for some countries. One of the most significant problems is an increase in agricultural product prices and a rise in the general price level (inflation). The above can be confirmed by a simple empirical analysis of the economic indicators of the countries that joined the EU together in the period from 2004 until 2007.

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