scholarly journals Progress in Clinical Neurosciences: Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Teasell ◽  
Nestor Bayona ◽  
Katherine Salter ◽  
Chelsea Hellings ◽  
Jamie Bitensky
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Brain Reorganization ◽  
Intact Cortex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT:Background:Recent literature has provided new insights into the role of rehabilitation in neurological recovery post-stroke. The present review combines results of animal and clinical research to provide a summary of published information regarding the mechanisms of neural recovery and impact of rehabilitation.Methods:Plasticity of the uninjured and post-stroke brain is examined to provide a background for the examination of brain reorganization and recovery following stroke.Summary and Conclusions:Recent research has confirmed many of the basic underpinnings of rehabilitation and provided new insight into the role of rehabilitation in neurological recovery. Recovery post stroke is dependent upon cortical reorganization, and therefore, upon the presence of intact cortex, especially in areas adjacent to the infarct. Exposure to stimulating and complex environments and involvement in tasks or activities that are meaningful to the individual with stroke serves to increase cortical reorganization and enhance functional recovery. Additional factors associated with neurological recovery include size of stroke lesion, and the timing and intensity of therapy.

Abstract W P96: Optogenetic Neuronal Stimulation Enhances Neurotrophin Expression in the Contralesional Motor Cortex After Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Y Cheng ◽  
Eric H Wang ◽  
Corinne L Bart ◽  
Alex R Bautista ◽  
Wyatt J Woodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Neuronal Stimulation ◽  
Activity Dependent

Objective: Functional recovery after stroke has been observed and is currently attributed to both brain remodeling and plasticity. One form of cortical reorganization involves the balance of interhemispheric interactions between ipsilesional and contralesional cortex. Stimulation of ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1) has been shown to be beneficial, however, the role of the contralesional M1 (cM1) remains controversial. Recently we showed that optogenetic stimulations of iM1 post-stroke promote functional recovery. In this study, we investigate the role of contralesional cortex in recovery by optogenetically stimulating iM1 or cM1 and examine the involvement of activity-dependent neurotrophins. Methods: Thy-1-ChR2-YFP line-18 transgenic male mice were used. Mice underwent stereotaxic surgery to implant a fiber cannula in either iM1 or cM1, followed by an intraluminal middle cerebral artery suture occlusion. Optogenetic stimulation began at day5 post-stroke and continued until day14 post-stroke. Sensorimotor behavior tests were used to assess their recovery at day 0, 2, 7, 10 and 14 post-stroke. Mice were sacrificed at day15 post-stroke and neurotrophin expressions were examined using quantitative PCR. Results: Repeated iM1 stimulations promoted functional recovery at day14 post-stroke, with improved motor performance on the rotating beam test (p<0.01). Real-time PCR revealed significant increases of neurotrophin expressions in contralesional M1 at day15 post-stroke, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (p<0.05), nerve growth factor (NGF) (p<0.05) and neurotrophin 3 (NTF3) (p<0.05). BDNF and NTF3 expression were also significantly increased in the contralesional S1 of stimulated mice (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that activity-dependent neurotrophins in the contralesional cortex may be an important mechanism mediating stroke recovery. Current studies include specific stimulation and inhibition of the iM1 or cM1 post-stroke to elucidate the neurocircuitry mediating stroke recovery. In addition, the expression of neurotrophins will be examined in these studies to elucidate their role in the recovery process.

scholarly journals Intra-Colonial Viral Infections in Western Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Loreley Castelli ◽  
María Laura Genchi García ◽  
Anne Dalmon ◽  
Daniela Arredondo ◽  
Karina Antúnez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bee Viruses

RNA viruses play a significant role in the current high losses of pollinators. Although many studies have focused on the epidemiology of western honey bee (Apis mellifera) viruses at the colony level, the dynamics of virus infection within colonies remains poorly explored. In this study, the two main variants of the ubiquitous honey bee virus DWV as well as three major honey bee viruses (SBV, ABPV and BQCV) were analyzed from Varroa-destructor-parasitized pupae. More precisely, RT-qPCR was used to quantify and compare virus genome copies across honey bee pupae at the individual and subfamily levels (i.e., patrilines, sharing the same mother queen but with different drones as fathers). Additionally, virus genome copies were compared in cells parasitized by reproducing and non-reproducing mite foundresses to assess the role of this vector. Only DWV was detected in the samples, and the two variants of this virus significantly differed when comparing the sampling period, colonies and patrilines. Moreover, DWV-A and DWV-B exhibited different infection patterns, reflecting contrasting dynamics. Altogether, these results provide new insight into honey bee diseases and stress the need for more studies about the mechanisms of intra-colonial disease variation in social insects.

Training and Stimulation in Post Stroke Recovery Brain Reorganization

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Teasell ◽  
Jamie Bitensky ◽  
Norine Foley ◽  
Nestor A. Bayona
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Brain Reorganization

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Dermatoglyphics in Learning- A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Charu Dhankar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acquisition Method

The nature nurture issue has been an important debate in all aspects of the individual development. According to Jensen’s heritability ratio, hereditary has an impeccable influence in the development process. Based on these, dermatoglyphics has been used in the present case study in order to observe the innate potential of an individual, to give parents an insight into their child’s hidden potential and to groom them effectively. The present case study is confined to the acquiring methods and unique quotients of the subject. The findings of the study revealed the unique quotients of the subject and the best suitable acquisition method for the subject.  Aim/Purpose: To test the methods of learning and unique quotients of the subject with the help of Dermatoglyphics Multiple Intelligence Test DMIT.  Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 301-303 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12651 

scholarly journals Insight into motor control and motor impairment from stroke and beta oscillations

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 3033-3035
Author(s):  
Ramina Adam ◽  
Silvia Isabella ◽  
Jason L. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Beta Oscillations ◽  
Insight Into

Beta oscillations are associated with motor function and are thought to play a role in movement impairment. In a recent magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, Rossiter et al. ( J Neurophysiol 112: 2053–2058, 2014) found a disruption in the modulation of movement-related beta oscillations in stroke patients that correlated with motor impairment. We discuss how beta oscillatory measures characterize motor impairment, the implications of stroke variability, and the potential role of GABA in modulating oscillations following stroke and during stroke recovery.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Providing Individualised Computer-generated Feedback to Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Michael Lambiris
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Student’S Performance ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

The traditional way of providing feedback to students after tests or assignments is labour-intensive. This paper explains the concepts and techniques used by the author to build computer-based applications that analyse students’ answers and generate individualised, detailed and constructive feedback. The paper explains how the data gathered from a student’s answers can be combined with other knowledge about the subject matter being taught, and the specific test questions, to create computerised routines that evaluate the individual student’s performance. This information can be presented in ways that help students to assess their progress, both in relation to their acquired knowledge in specified areas of study, and with regard to their ability to exercise relevant skills. In this way, appropriate feedback can be provided to large numbers of students quickly and efficiently. The same techniques can be used to provide information to the instructor about the performance of the group as a whole, with a degree of detail and accuracy that exceeds the impressions usually gained through traditional marking. The paper also explains the role of the subject instructor in designing and creating feedback-generating applications. The methodologies described provide insight into the details of the process and are a useful basis for further experimentation and development.

scholarly journals The regulation of glycemia in the recovery phase after stroke counteracts the detrimental effect of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes on neurological recovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Ingrid Lovise Augestad ◽  
Hiranya Pintana ◽  
Martin Larsson ◽  
Camilla Krizhanovskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Impact

The interplay between obesity and T2D in post-stroke recovery is unclear. Moreover, the impact of glucose control during the chronic phase after stroke is undetermined. <p>We investigated whether obesity-induced T2D impairs neurological recovery after stroke by using a clinically relevant experimental design. We also investigated the potential efficacy of two clinically-used T2D drugs: the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin and the sulfonylurea glimepiride.</p> <p>We induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in T2D/obese mice (after 7 months of high-fat diet (HFD)) and age-matched controls. After stroke, we replaced HFD with standard diet for 8 weeks to mimic the post-stroke clinical situation. Linagliptin or glimepiride were administered daily from 3 days after tMCAO for 8 weeks.<b> </b>We assessed neurological recovery weekly by upper-limb grip strength. Brain damage, neuroinflammation, stroke-induced neurogenesis and atrophy of parvalbumin (PV)+ interneurons were quantified by immunohistochemistry.</p> <p>T2D/obesity impaired post-stroke neurological recovery in association with hyperglycemia, neuroinflammation and atrophy of PV+ interneurons. Both drugs counteracted these effects. In non-diabetic mice, only linagliptin accelerated recovery.</p> These findings shed light on the interplay between obesity and T2D in stroke recovery. Moreover, they promote the use of rehabilitative strategies based on efficacious glycemia regulation, even if initiated days after stroke.

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