scholarly journals Intra-Colonial Viral Infections in Western Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Loreley Castelli ◽  
María Laura Genchi García ◽  
Anne Dalmon ◽  
Daniela Arredondo ◽  
Karina Antúnez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bee Viruses

RNA viruses play a significant role in the current high losses of pollinators. Although many studies have focused on the epidemiology of western honey bee (Apis mellifera) viruses at the colony level, the dynamics of virus infection within colonies remains poorly explored. In this study, the two main variants of the ubiquitous honey bee virus DWV as well as three major honey bee viruses (SBV, ABPV and BQCV) were analyzed from Varroa-destructor-parasitized pupae. More precisely, RT-qPCR was used to quantify and compare virus genome copies across honey bee pupae at the individual and subfamily levels (i.e., patrilines, sharing the same mother queen but with different drones as fathers). Additionally, virus genome copies were compared in cells parasitized by reproducing and non-reproducing mite foundresses to assess the role of this vector. Only DWV was detected in the samples, and the two variants of this virus significantly differed when comparing the sampling period, colonies and patrilines. Moreover, DWV-A and DWV-B exhibited different infection patterns, reflecting contrasting dynamics. Altogether, these results provide new insight into honey bee diseases and stress the need for more studies about the mechanisms of intra-colonial disease variation in social insects.

scholarly journals Resistance of native honey bees from Rhodope Mountains and lowland regions of Bulgaria to Nosema ceranae and viral pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
R. Shumkova ◽  
B. Neov ◽  
A. Georgieva ◽  
D. Teofanova ◽  
G. Radoslavov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Kashmir Bee Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus ◽  
Bee Viruses

The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a species of fundamental economic, agricultural and environmental importance. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of some parasitic and viral pathogens in local honey bees from the Rodope Mountains and plain regions. To achieve this goal, molecular screening for two of the most distributed Nosema spp. and molecular identification of six honey bee viruses – Deformed wing virus (DWV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Sacbrood virus (SBV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and Black queen cell virus (BQCV) was performed. Molecular analysis was carried out on 168 honey bee samples from apiaries situated in three different parts of the country where a mix of different honey bee subspecies were reared. In South Bulgaria (the Rhodope Mountains), a local honey bee called Apis mellifera rodopica (a local ecotype of A. m. macedonica) was bred, while in the other two regions (plains) different introduced subspecies existed. The results showed that the samples from the lowland regions in the country were outlined with the highest prevalence (70.5%) of N. ceranae, while those from the mountainous parts had the lowest rate (5.2%). Four of the honey bee viruses were identified – DWV (10/5.9%), followed by SBV (6/3.6%) and ABPV (2/1.2%), and one case of BQCV. In conclusion, the local honey bee A. m. rodopica (despite the higher number of samples) has shown lower prevalence of both nosemosis and viral infections. Therefore, this honey bee has to be preserved as a part of the national biodiversity.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Honey Bee Viruses Prevalence in Managed Honey Bees (Apis mellifera and Apis cerana) Undergone Colony Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Chunying Yuan ◽  
Xuejian Jiang ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
Sa Yang ◽  
Shuai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus ◽  
Bee Viruses

Objective: In the absence of known clinical symptoms, viruses were considered to be the most probable key pathogens of honey bee. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of honey bee viruses in managed Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in China. Methods: We conducted a screening of 8 honey bee viruses on A. mellifera and A. cerana samples collected from 54 apiaries from 13 provinces in China using RT-PCR. Results: We found that the types and numbers of viral species significantly differed between A. mellifera and A. cerana. Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV), Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV), and Kakugo virus (DWV-A/KV) were the primary viruses found in A. mellifera colonies, whereas Chinese Sacbrood Bee Virus (CSBV) and Sacbrood Bee Virus (SBV) were the primary viruses found in A. cerana. The percentage infection of BQCV and CSBV were 84.6% and 61.6% in all detected samples. We first detected the occurrences of Varroa destructor virus-1 (VDV-1 or DWV-B) and DWV-A/KV in China but not ABPV in both A. mellifera and A. cerana. Conclusion: This study showed that BQCV and CSBV are the major threat to investigated A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies.

scholarly journals Brief overview of the apian virus taxonomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 413-417
Author(s):  
Maslii Iryna Grigorieva ◽  
Svitlana Grigorieva Мatkowska ◽  
Jerzy Paleolog
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Separate Table ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Bee Viruses

The aim of this study was to analyze the information on the taxonomy of bee viruses in order to help the reader to navigate throughout this topic. Classification of bee viruses is a changing system. The best known bee viruses belong to the Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae (Picornavirales; ssRNA +) families. Taxa from the Baculoviridae, Iridoviridae and Poxviridae families should be also considered as potential honeybee pathogens. English re-searchers have informed about 18 “important bee viruses.” 21 different apian virus taxa were blamed, among others, for honeybee losses in US apiaries, including 10 virus taxa considered as the most pathogenic. One of the most comprehensive descriptions of the known bee virus taxa has been provided in the materials of the Europe-an COLOSS project. Detailed data from all the above sources were shown in this review. We also analyzed the possibilities of the appearance of some honeybee-parasite viruses, as well as other insect viruses and plant virus-es in honeybees. A separate table provides information about the additional publications on the most important taxa of the apian viruses. The crucial role of V. destructor infestation for increased risk of viral infections and, therefore, the urgent need of research on apian virology and on ways of increasing of the honeybee immuni-ty/resistance has been indicated.

scholarly journals An investigation of honey bee virus prevalence in managed honey bees (Apis mellifera and Apis cerana) undergone colony losses: a case study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchun Deng ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xuejian Jiang ◽  
Sa Yang ◽  
Shuai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus ◽  
Bee Viruses

Abstract Objective: In the absence of known clinical symptoms, viruses were considered to be the most probable key pathogens of honey bee. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of honey bee viruses in managed Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in China. Results: We conducted a screening of 9 honey bee viruses on A. mellifera and A. cerana samples collected from 54 apiaries from 13 provinces in China. We found that the types and numbers of viruses significantly differed between A. mellifera and A. cerana. Black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) and Kakugo virus (DWV-C/KV) were the primary viruses found in A. mellifera colonies, whereas Chinese sacbrood bee virus (CSBV) and sacbrood bee virus (SBV) were the primary viruses found in A. cerana. The percentage infection of BQCV and CSBV were 84.6% and 61.6% in all detected samples. We first detected the occurrences of Varroa destructor virus-1(VDV-1, DWV-B) and DWV-C/KV in China but not ABPV in both A. mellifera and A. cerana.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Control of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Major Royal Jelly Proteins by 20-Hydroxyecdysone

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Winkler ◽  
Frank Sieg ◽  
Anja Buttstedt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Adult Worker ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics

One of the first tasks of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) during their lifetime is to feed the larval offspring. In brief, young workers (nurse bees) secrete a special food jelly that contains a large amount of unique major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). The regulation of mrjp gene expression is not well understood, but the large upregulation in well-fed nurse bees suggests a tight repression until, or a massive induction upon, hatching of the adult worker bees. The lipoprotein vitellogenin, the synthesis of which is regulated by the two systemic hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone, is thought to be a precursor for the production of MRJPs. Thus, the regulation of mrjp expression by the said systemic hormones is likely. This study focusses on the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone by elucidating its effect on mrjp gene expression dynamics. Specifically, we tested whether 20-hydroxyecdysone displayed differential effects on various mrjps. We found that the expression of the mrjps (mrjp1–3) that were finally secreted in large amounts into the food jelly, in particular, were down regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment, with mrjp3 showing the highest repression value.

scholarly journals Assessing the role of β-ocimene in regulating foraging behavior of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Apidologie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Ma ◽  
Ulrich G. Mueller ◽  
Juliana Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Foraging Behavior

THE ROLE OF NUTRITION AND TEMPERATURE IN THE OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORKER HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huarong Lin ◽  
Mark L. Winston
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Brood Chamber ◽  
Laying Workers

AbstractQueenless, caged, newly emerged worker bees (Apis mellifera L.) were fed honey, 22 and 40% pollen in honey, and 22 and 40% royal jelly in honey for 14 days. Workers fed royal jelly, pollen, and honey had large, medium, and small ovaries, respectively. Royal jelly had higher nutritive value for workers’ ovarian development than did pollen, possibly because royal jelly is predigested by nurse bees and easily used by adult and larval bees. These results suggest that nurse bees could mediate workers’ ovarian development in colonies via trophallactic exchange of royal jelly. Six levels of royal jelly in honey, 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (royal jelly without honey), were tested for their effects on workers’ ovarian development and mortality for 10 days. High levels of royal jelly increased ovarian development, but also increased worker mortality. All caged bees treated with 100% royal jelly died within 3 days. When workers were incubated at 20, 27, and 34 °C for 10 days, only bees at 34 °C developed ovaries. These findings suggest that nurse bees functioning as units which digest pollen and produce royal jelly may feed some potentially egg-laying workers in a brood chamber with royal jelly when a queen is lost in a colony. Feeding workers a diet of 50% royal jelly in honey and incubating at 34 °C for 10 days is recommended for tests of ovarian development.

scholarly journals A survey of deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus in honey bee colonies from serbia using real-time RT-PCR

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Simeunović ◽  
Jevrosima Stevanović ◽  
Dejan Vidanović ◽  
Jakov Nišavić ◽  
Dejan Radović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Acute Bee Paralysis Virus ◽  
Paralysis Virus ◽  
Bee Viruses

Abstract In this study 55 honey bee colonies from different Serbian regions were monitored for the presence of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV) using TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay. The results revealed the presence of DWV in each sampling location, and ABPV in 10 out of 11 apiaries. High frequency of DWV (76.4%) and ABPV (61.8%) positive samples in asymptomatic colonies can be the consequence of inefficient and postponed Varroa treatment concerning the role of this mite in the transmission and activation of honey bee viruses. The real-time RTPCR technique described in this paper is proved to be the most reliable method for this kind of investigation.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Dermatoglyphics in Learning- A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Charu Dhankar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acquisition Method

The nature nurture issue has been an important debate in all aspects of the individual development. According to Jensen’s heritability ratio, hereditary has an impeccable influence in the development process. Based on these, dermatoglyphics has been used in the present case study in order to observe the innate potential of an individual, to give parents an insight into their child’s hidden potential and to groom them effectively. The present case study is confined to the acquiring methods and unique quotients of the subject. The findings of the study revealed the unique quotients of the subject and the best suitable acquisition method for the subject.  Aim/Purpose: To test the methods of learning and unique quotients of the subject with the help of Dermatoglyphics Multiple Intelligence Test DMIT.  Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 301-303 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12651 

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