scholarly journals Can Admission S-100β Predict the Extent of Brain Damage in Head Trauma Patients?

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schültke ◽  
V. Sadanand ◽  
M.E. Kelly ◽  
R.W. Griebel ◽  
B.H.J. Juurlink
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Serum And Urine

Background:As has been shown previously, S-100β levels in serum can be a useful predictor of brain damage after head trauma. This pilot study was designed to investigate whether urine samples, which are much easier to obtain, could be used for the same purpose instead of serum samples.Methods:Ninety-six consecutive patients admitted with head trauma were recruited in the study. After exclusion of 54 patients, mostly because of significant additional trauma, S-100β levels were analyzed in serum and urine of 42 patients using a luminometric assay. A range for normal values was established based on samples from ten healthy volunteers.Results:S-100β serum levels increased proportional to the severity of the head trauma, as had been previously shown by several other groups. In many patients, initial increases in urine S-100β levels were seen later than in serum, after which the kinetics of S-100β levels in urine seemed to follow that established for serum levels. S-100β values in urine were on average about 54% lower in urine than in serum.Conclusions:S-100β levels in urine obtained on admission to the hospital are not a good indicator for the extent of brain damage. However, urine S-100β levels obtained at later time points might be a useful indicator for the development of secondary brain injury.

Olfactory Function in Head Trauma Patients a Link to Frontal Brain Damage?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Schriever ◽  
T. Hummel ◽  
K. Grosser ◽  
M. Smitka
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Frontal Brain

scholarly journals Myristic Acid Serum Levels and Their Significance for Diagnosis of Systemic Inflammatory Response, Sepsis, and Bacteraemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Roman Zazula ◽  
Michal Moravec ◽  
František Pehal ◽  
Tomáš Nejtek ◽  
Marek Protuš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples

Myristic acid is identified as a metabolite with the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the metabolome of patients with bacteraemia. Its significant decrease has been observed in patients with septic shock not responding to treatment. Another study has reported a close correlation of myristic acid levels with the outcome of severe trauma patients. Myristic acid concentrations were investigated in a cohort of septic patients and patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in 5 consecutive days following diagnosis and compared to healthy controls. The study population groups—Sepsis 34, SIRS 31, and Healthy Control 120 patients were included. Serum samples were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The myristic acid levels in the Sepsis Group and SIRS Group were found to be significantly higher when compared to healthy controls. The serum concentration of myristic acid in septic patients with bacteraemia was higher than in septic patients without bacteraemia. Most patients with sepsis and SIRS had the highest levels of myristic acid within 24 h after an established diagnosis. Myristic acid should be considered as a new candidate marker of severe inflammation and sepsis. A simplified analysis and sufficient body of validated data are necessary steps towards the introduction of this metabolite into routine clinical practice.

Serum steroids remain within the same normal postmenopausal values during 12-month intravaginal 0.50% DHEA

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyong Ke ◽  
Renaud Gonthier ◽  
Jean-Nicolas Simard ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Lyne Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vulvovaginal Atrophy ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract: Analyze the serum levels of DHEA (prasterone) and its metabolites after daily intravaginal 0.50% (6.5 mg) DHEA in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).: Serum samples were obtained at baseline and after 12, 26 and 52 weeks of treatment. The serum levels of DHEA, DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S), androstene-3β, 17β-diol (5-diol), androstenedione (4-dione), testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E: A total of 435 women were exposed for 52 weeks. All serum steroids remained within normal values with no significant differences between lengths of treatment. For the most relevant estrogen-related compounds, namely E: While confirming that all serum sex steroids originating exclusively from DHEA after menopause are maintained within the normal postmenopausal values, the present data show that the dose of intravaginal DHEA used is free from systemic exposure with no detectable change in metabolism up to 52 weeks of treatment.

scholarly journals Progressive Epidural Hematoma in Patients with Head Trauma: Incidence, Outcome, and Risk Factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Shi-Wen Chen ◽  
Gan Wang ◽  
He-Li Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Progressive epidural hematoma (PEDH) after head injury is often observed on serial computerized tomography (CT) scans. Recent advances in imaging modalities and treatment might affect its incidence and outcome. In this study, PEDH was observed in 9.2% of 412 head trauma patients in whom two CT scans were obtained within 24 hours of injury, and in a majority of cases, it developed within 3 days after injury. In multivariate logistic regression, patient gender, age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, and skull fracture were not associated with PEDH, whereas hypotension (odds ratio (OR) 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–0.84), time interval of the first CT scanning (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.83), coagulopathy (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15–0.85), or decompressive craniectomy (DC) (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.97) was independently associated with an increased risk of PEDH. The 3-month postinjury outcome was similar in patients with PEDH and patients without PEDH (χ2=0.07,P=0.86). In conclusion, epidural hematoma has a greater tendency to progress early after injury, often in dramatic and rapid fashion. Recognition of this important treatable cause of secondary brain injury and the associated risk factors may help identify the group at risk and tailor management of patients with TBI.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Deoxynivalenol, Citrinin, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Pigs after Exposure to Naturally Contaminated Feed Close to Guidance Values

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tkaczyk ◽  
Piotr Jedziniak ◽  
Łukasz Zielonka ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski ◽  
Piotr Ochodzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study applied multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) methods to determine the biomarkers of exposure in urine and serum samples from a dose-response study with pigs. The 24 studied pigs were divided into three groups: a control and two experimental ones (with different levels of feed contamination). They were exposed to feed prepared from cereals contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) for 14 days. After that, both experimental groups received the same feed as the control group for the next 14 days to determine the kinetics of the disappearance of mycotoxin biomarkers. Urine samples were collected daily in the morning and blood samples—eight-times during the experiment. The study reported herein was the first prolonged exposure experiment for multiple mycotoxins like OTA and CIT in pigs. The urinary and serum levels of all biomarkers correlated well with the respective toxin intake; thereby demonstrating that they are suitable biomarkers of exposure in pigs. Urine is a good candidate to monitor DON, ZEN, OTA, CIT exposure while serum may be used to monitor DON, OTA and CIT. Additionally, OTA has even been quantified in both matrices in the experimental groups two weeks after changing the contaminated feed back to the control, this result differed from those produced by the other mycotoxins which were only quantified during the first two weeks. Therefore both matrices are suitable candidates to monitor prolonged OTA exposure in pigs.

Importance of Unbound Phenytoin Serum Levels in Head Trauma Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1058-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY A. BAUER ◽  
W. A. DREW EDWARDS ◽  
E. PATCHEN DELLINGER ◽  
VIDMANTAS A. RAISYS ◽  
CYNTHIA BRENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Trauma Patients

Anticardiolipin Antibodies Are Elevated in HIV-1 Infected Haemophiliacs but Do Not Predict for Disease Progression

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 081-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Panzer ◽  
Christoph Stain ◽  
Hubert Hartl ◽  
Robert Dudczak ◽  
Klaus Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

SummaryLevels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were measured in 55 patients with haemophilia A in serum samples obtained in 1983 and in 1987. Twenty-one patients were negative for anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983 and remained negative in 1987; 34 patients had anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983; 17 of these latter patients remained asymptomatic, whereas 17 patients developed ARC or AIDS during the 4 years follow-up. Thirteen anti HIV-1 negative patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; subsequently, a significant decrease was observed in all these subjects (p <0.001). All anti HIV-1 positive patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; normal values were found in 9 patients in 1987. Yet, these changes were not significant (p >0.05). ACA levels were significantly higher in HIV-1 infected patients than in those without anti HIV-1 antibodies (p <0.05). There was no difference of ACA levels between the two anti HIV-1 positive patient groups, be it in 1983 or be it in 1987 (p >0.05). There was no correlation of ACA levels with serum IgG concentrations, CD4+ lymphocytes, or the consumption of factor VIII concentrates.

Heparin Excretion in Intact and Hepatectomized Rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Ray Losito ◽  
Harry Gattiker ◽  
Ginette Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Biliary Fistula ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Intact Rats

SummaryMetabolism and kinetics of 3H-heparin were compared in intact and hepatectomized rats. Rats were divided into three groups: 1) intact rats with biliary fistulas and cystostomies 2) intact rats with only cystostomies and 3) hepatectomized rats with cystostomies. Radioactivity in blood, bile and urine besides anticoagulant activity in blood and urine were examined. In addition, column chromatography of urine was used to isolate possible metabolites. Seventy percent and 80% of the radioactive dose was found in the urine of intact rats at 24 hr and 48 hr. Close to 5% of the radioactivity was found in bile or rats with a biliary fistula after 48 hr. The APTT declined to near normal values at 1 hr whether rats had a biliary fistula or not. In contrast, only 25 % of the radioactivity could be excreted into the urine of hepatectomized rats in 24 hr; the APTT did not decline as fast and at 5 hr, it was still 100 seconds. Only one radioactive component could be isolated on chromatography from all urines of these animals and appears to be similar to the original heparin. Thus, the liver has an important role to play in regulating the anticoagulant effects and excretion of heparin.

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