Aeroplane Tail Loads for Longitudinal Manoeuvres

1952 ◽  
Vol 56 (502) ◽  
pp. 789-800
Author(s):  
G. W. Smith ◽  
J. B. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Time Required

SummaryThis paper deals with the application of the Transfer Function-Fourier (T.F.F.) Method to the calculation of longitudinal manoeuvring tail loads for aeroplanes.It has been found that the tail loads computed by this method agree very well with those computed by the standard method outlined in Ref. 1. The main advantages of the T.F.F. method are the time saving and the convenience in handling an arbitrary elevator input. Having once calculated the transfer function between elevator input and tail angle of attack output, it may be used repeatedly to compute the longitudinal manoeuvring tail loads for various arbitrary elevator inputs. This is done by simply expressing the input as a Fourier series and multiplying each term in the series by the value of the transfer function for the corresponding frequency. Then the resulting output series is summed at enough points to obtain a plot of the transient output. This process can be done in approximately one hour of engineering time for each arbitrary elevator input, exclusive of machine calculating time. The machine (usually I.B.M.) calculating time is about half an hour per input. On the other hand, experience has shown that the engineering time required per input by the standard method is approximately forty hours for the first input, and approximately five hours for each additional input.It is concluded that the calculation of longitudinal manoeuvring tail loads by the T.F.F. method is accurate, dependable, especially adaptable to machine methods, and can conveniently handle arbitrary inputs.

Polarization and apparent dipole moments of some symmetrical molecules

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Ivan Mach
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atomic Polarization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Apparent Orientation

Polarization and apparent dipole moments of a series of symmetrical molecules were determined by the standard method in three solvents: benzene, p-xylene, and mesitylene. Their explanation by complex formation with solvent applies only in the case of 1,4-dicyanobenzene and 4,4’-dicyanobiphenyl since the apparent orientation polarizations (PO.app) are large and depend strongly on solvent. On the other hand, 1,4-dihalogenbenzenes do not form any complexes and PO.appis virtually zero. 1,4-Dihalogenbicyclo[2,2,2]octanes reveal also considerable PO.app which is attributed mainly to enhanced atomic polarization but – in the case of heavier halogens – also partly to complexes of unknown structure.

scholarly journals Orientation-Based Interaction on Mobile Devices and Desktops - An Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 244-262
Author(s):  
Johannes Schwank ◽  
Franca Alexandra Rupprecht ◽  
Sebastian Schöffel
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hand Tracking ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Maximum Angle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Input

Nowadays, mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets or smartwatches, are essential items in our daily life. Further, more and more people use smart mobile devices in their everyday work for remote controlling, observing diagrams, performing web analytics, etc. However, the full potential of mobile devices is not tapped yet; built-in sensors such as accelerometers or gyroscopes offer a wide range of interaction capabilities, which are still often not fully used in nowadays mobile applications. On the other hand, desktops are still the dominating working device, but with significantly differing interaction means. With additional hand tracking devices capturing the user's gestures additional input possibilities are available but still often unused. In this paper, we investigate on a concept for orientation-based touch-less interaction. Depending on the type of device - traditional desktop or a mobile device - we use an interaction metaphor called "Waggle"; utilizing of tilting and turning of either the user's hand or the mobile device itself for additional input possibilities. Based on the results of two pilot studies for both environments, basic parameters for future design decisions are derived: on the one hand, the maximum angle for basic rotation axes are evaluated. On the other hand, different discretizations of tilt and turn angles are investigated. Based on the outcome of both studies the optimal configuration for the use of the Waggle interaction metaphor in future applications on both mobile and desktop environments are defined.

scholarly journals Optimization of a Kitting Line: A Case Study

Robotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Comand ◽  
Riccardo Minto ◽  
Giovanni Boschetti ◽  
Maurizio Faccio ◽  
Giulio Rosati
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Flexible Assembly ◽  
Vision Inspection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost

Assembly kitting lines typically deal with components that present different quantities in the final kit. Re-configurable feeders are not advisable for low quantity components since this solution leads to high inefficiency, due to the time required for retooling and for the feeding rate unbalance between the components. On the other hand a fully flexible feeder can increase the flexibility of the system at the cost of reducing the throughput. An assembly kitting problem was therefore addressed in different ways for low quantity components and high quantity components, studying the two different subsystems that compose a hybrid flexible assembly system. To optimize the re-configurable feeders, which supply the high quantity components, the opening sequence of a system composed by several hoppers was analyzed. We propose a solution which replaces the weighing device with a vision inspection system, showing its impact on the productivity of the line. A model coded into a Matlab script was developed to perform the optimization of the system and understand its behavior. Furthermore a fully flexible assembly system was developed in the laboratory in order to test the kitting of the low quantity components with the proposed subsystem. Finally the Overall Equipment Effectiveness of the line was calculated to evaluate the possible improvements obtained by the proposed solution.

scholarly journals Divergence of Fourier series

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Izuml ◽  
Shin-Ichi Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Integrable Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Series Of Functions

Carleson has proved that the Fourier series of functions belonging to the class L2 converge almost everywhere.Improving his method, Hunt proved that the Fourier series of functions belonging to the class Lp (p > 1) converge almost everywhere. On the other hand, Kolmogoroff proved that there is an integrable function whose Fourier series diverges almost everywhere. We shall generalise Kolmogoroff's Theorem as follows: There is a function belonging to the class L(logL)p (p > 0) whose Fourier series diverges almost everywhere. The following problem is still open: whether “almost everywhere” in the last theorem can be replaced by “everywhere” or not. This problem is affirmatively answered for the class L by Kolmogoroff and for the class L(log logL)p (0 < p < 1) by Tandori.

Relation B/W Stress, Nozzle Load and Total Length in a Process Piping Line

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Ozmaian ◽  
Amir H. Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
The Times

Nowadays, time saving in piping stress analysis is a major concern among consultant engineering companies in power and process plants. In this paper, we are going to have a quantity review between some important parameters such as sustained, occasional and expanding stresses with total length and nozzle load of a real case according to ASME B31.3. Most of the times, piping stress designers try different and more flexible piping routes completely arbitrary. Longer piping route means greater mass, and it means a big trouble in earthquake time especially for allowable nozzle loading, on the other hand shorter piping route increases thermal nozzle loading and operating stresses. We will try to find a relationship among mentioned parameters to have an optimal piping route in order to save time and material. Finally, different routes will be analyzed using Caesar II to plot related parameters and find optimum criterion.

scholarly journals On the saturation pressures of steam (170° to 374° C.)

1933 ◽  
Vol 231 (694-706) ◽  
pp. 147-205 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Limits Of Error

The efforts which are being made through the agency of the International Steam Tables Conferences to co-ordinate investigations on steam, and to set down its measured properties in a series of tables and figures which shall be within agreed limits of error, and consistent with each other thermodynamically, cannot very well succeed, unless it be proved that steam is consistent in its behaviour. If there are differences, for instance, traceable to the time required for the constituent molecules of steam to reach an equilibrium state, then it might be difficult to achieve concordance between measurements of the properties of steam carried out by different methods. If, on the other hand, no such differences are exhibited, then it would seem that it is only a matter of care and of time to achieve a set of tables which shall represent the true behaviour of steam and which can be brought within a thermodynamically consistent scheme.

THE PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS OF BACILLUS CEREUS AND BACILLUS MEGATERIUM: II. A CORRELATION OF THE CHEMICAL WITH THE CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCURRING DURING SPORE GERMINATION

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 525-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Fitz-James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Time Required

The oxygen uptake, the changes in the concentrations of the phosphorus (P) fractions, and the dry weights of Bacillus cereus and B. megaterium germinating in thick suspension were followed from the spore to the young vegetative cell. Parallel cytological studies were made using standard procedures of bacterial cytology. During the initial minutes of germination the dry weight of the spores fell, respiratory activity began, the concentration of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble P rose, and the concentration of a residual P fraction insoluble in hot TCA fell. In complete media, nucleic acid synthesis began soon after this initial activation and was accompanied by an uptake of P, a further rise in the acid-soluble P, and in the rate of respiration. The cells began to recover weight. Ribosenucleic acid (RNA) synthesis was detectable by about 10 min. after inoculation and desoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by 15–20 min. Following its initial rise, the rate of RNA synthesis declined and continued parallel to that of DNA for some 10 min. During this period, the uptake of P from the medium appeared to be depressed and the spores (B. cereus) changed in shape from ovoids to short rods. After this period, the RNA synthesis was steady throughout germination. The rise of DNA, on the other hand, was continuous and steady throughout, even in cultures where growth was synchronous. The nuclear material of germinating spores grew and separated in step with the continuous rise of DNA P and the increase in cell volume was of the same order as the increase in RNA P. Under crowded conditions, or in inadequate media, germinating spores and young vegetative cells of B. cereus showed a decreased RNA/DNA ratio and accumulations of labile P. Crowded cultures of B. megaterium, on the other hand, accumulated Sudan positive (fatty) granules, but no labile P. The time required for the germinating spore to duplicate its chromatin varied in different media and could, in some instances, be shortened by subculturing. Nevertheless, the product of this time of germination and the increase in RNA during the germination period approximated to a fixed value that was independent of medium, species, or cell concentration.

Necessary Conditions for Integrability of the Fourier Transform

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559
Author(s):  
Elijah Liflyand
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Series ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Convergent Fourier Series ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Abstract We prove the necessary conditions for the integrability of the Fourier transform. The result is a generalization, on one hand, of the well known necessary condition for absolutely convergent Fourier series and, on the other hand, of an earlier multidimensional result of Trigub.

scholarly journals On Fourier series and functions of bounded variation

1913 ◽  
Vol 88 (606) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Bounded Variation ◽  
General Theorem ◽  
General Term ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functions Of Bounded Variation ◽  
Trivial Case ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Derived Series

1. In a previous communication to the Society I have pointed out that the succession of constants obtained by multiplying together two successions of Fourier constants in the manner which naturally suggests itself is a succession of Fourier constants, and I have discussed the summability of the function with new constants are associated. We may express the matter in another way by saying that I have shown that the use of the Fourier constants of an even function g(x) as convergence factors in the Fourier series of a function f(x) changes the latter series into a series which is associated with the new series is increased. The use of the Fourier constants of an odd function as convergence factors, on the other hand, has the effect of changing the allied series of the Fourier series of f (x) into a Fourier series, even when the allied series is not itself a Fourier series. It at once suggests itself that the former of the two statements in this form of the result is not the most that can be said. Indeed, the series, whose general term is cos nx , and whose coefficients are accordingly unity, may clearly take the place of the Fourier series of g(x) , although it is not a Fourier series. On the other hand, it is the derived series of the Fourier serious of a function of bounded variation, which is, moreover, odd. We are thus led to ask ourselves whether this is not the trivial case of a general theorem. In the present communication I propose to show, among other things, that the answer to this questions is in affirmative. The following theorems are, in fact, true:—

scholarly journals Some Developments on Cup Anemometer Aerodynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pindado ◽  
Javier Cubas
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stationary Rotation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Cup Anemometer

In the present study the geometry of cups is experimentally studied through anemometer performance. This performance is analyzed in two different ways. On the one hand the anemometer transfer function between cases is compared. On the other hand the stationary rotation speed is decomposed into constant and harmonic terms, the comparison being established between the last ones. Results indicate that some cup shapes can improve the uniformity of anemometer rotation, this fact being important to reduce degradation due to ageing.

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