Polarization and apparent dipole moments of some symmetrical molecules

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Ivan Mach
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atomic Polarization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Apparent Orientation

Polarization and apparent dipole moments of a series of symmetrical molecules were determined by the standard method in three solvents: benzene, p-xylene, and mesitylene. Their explanation by complex formation with solvent applies only in the case of 1,4-dicyanobenzene and 4,4’-dicyanobiphenyl since the apparent orientation polarizations (PO.app) are large and depend strongly on solvent. On the other hand, 1,4-dihalogenbenzenes do not form any complexes and PO.appis virtually zero. 1,4-Dihalogenbicyclo[2,2,2]octanes reveal also considerable PO.app which is attributed mainly to enhanced atomic polarization but – in the case of heavier halogens – also partly to complexes of unknown structure.

Studies on the Effect of Plasminogen Activator on the Interaction between α2-Macroglobulin and Plasmin

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotika Toki ◽  
Sumiyoshi Takasugi ◽  
Hiroyuki Sumi ◽  
Takuso Yamura
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
The Difference

SummarySix different plasmins were prepared by incubating human plasminogen with various amounts of streptokinase or urokinase. It was confirmed that the six different plasmins possessed similar caseinolytic activities, and the inhibitory effects of α 1-antitrypsin on caseinolytic activities of the six different plasmins were all the same. On the other hand, interactions between the six different plasmins and α2-macroglobulin were complicated. Plasmins activated by cleavage of plasminogen were almost immediately or effectively inhibited by α2-macroglobulin. However, plasmin activated by complex formation of plasminogen with streptokinase was not so immediately or effectively inhibited by α2- macroglobulin. It was supposed that the difference between these two results on the interaction between plasmin and α2-macroglobulin might be due to the difference in molecular form of plasmin. In the present study, it was also confirmed that streptokinase or urokinase, in free form in the reaction mixture, interfered with the interaction between plasmin and α2-macroglobulin. The cause for such interference was discussed.

scholarly journals IRAK1-dependent Regnase-1-14-3-3 complex formation controls Regnase-1-mediated mRNA decay

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Akaki ◽  
Kosuke Ogata ◽  
Yuhei Yamauchi ◽  
Noriki Iwai ◽  
Ka Man Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Mrna Decay ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Domain ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Other Hand

Regnase-1 is an endoribonuclease crucial for controlling inflammation by degrading mRNAs encoding cytokines and inflammatory mediators in mammals. However, it is unclear how Regnase-1-mediated mRNA decay is controlled in interleukin (IL)-1β- or Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-stimulated cells. Here, by analyzing the Regnase-1 interactome, we found that IL-1β or TLR stimulus dynamically induced the formation of Regnase-1-β-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTRCP) complex. Importantly, we also uncovered a novel interaction between Regnase-1 and 14-3-3 in both mouse and human cells. In IL-1R/TLR-stimulated cells, the Regnase-1-14-3-3 interaction is mediated by IRAK1 through a previously uncharacterized C-terminal structural domain. Phosphorylation of Regnase-1 at S494 and S513 is critical for Regnase-1-14-3-3 interaction, while a different set of phosphorylation sites of Regnase-1 is known to be required for the recognition by βTRCP and proteasome-mediated degradation. We found that Regnase-1-14-3-3 and Regnase-1-βTRCP interactions are not sequential events. Rather, 14-3-3 protects Regnase-1 from βTRCP-mediated degradation. On the other hand, 14-3-3 abolishes Regnase-1-mediated mRNA decay by inhibiting Regnase-1-mRNA association. In addition, nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Regnase-1 is abrogated by 14-3-3 interaction. Taken together, the results suggest that a novel inflammation-induced interaction of 14-3-3 with Regnase-1 stabilizes inflammatory mRNAs by sequestering Regnase-1 in the cytoplasm to prevent mRNA recognition.

Hydrophobic surface areas and net charges of αs1-, κ-casein and αs1-casein: κ-casein complex

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun'ichi Dosako ◽  
Shuichi Kaminogawa ◽  
Shin'ichi Taneya ◽  
Kunio Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrostatic Interaction ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Net Charges

SummaryHydrophobic surface areas of αs1- and κ-casein polymers and αs1-casein: κ-casein complex were estimated by the salting-out technique using various salts according to the theory of Melander & Horvath (1977). Calculated hydrophobic surface areas of αs1, κ-casein polymers and αs1-casein: κ-casein complex were 1976, 3571 and 2989 Å2 respectively. Assuming that κ-casein polymer dissociated into 4 particles in complex formation and that 1 mole of αs1-casein: κ-casein complex was produced from 2 mole of αs1-casein polymer and one of these dissociated κ-casein particles, the hydrophobic surface area of αs1-casein: κ-casein complex was less than those of 2 mole of αs1-casein polymer plus a quarter κ-casein polymer. On the other hand, the net charge of αs1-casein: κ-casein complex was nearly equal to that of 2 mole of αs1-casein polymer plus a quarter of κ-casein polymer. From these results, it was concluded that the complex formation of αs1- and κ-casein polymers was hydrophobic and that electrostatic interaction did not participate in complex formation.

Aeroplane Tail Loads for Longitudinal Manoeuvres

1952 ◽  
Vol 56 (502) ◽  
pp. 789-800
Author(s):  
G. W. Smith ◽  
J. B. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Time Required

SummaryThis paper deals with the application of the Transfer Function-Fourier (T.F.F.) Method to the calculation of longitudinal manoeuvring tail loads for aeroplanes.It has been found that the tail loads computed by this method agree very well with those computed by the standard method outlined in Ref. 1. The main advantages of the T.F.F. method are the time saving and the convenience in handling an arbitrary elevator input. Having once calculated the transfer function between elevator input and tail angle of attack output, it may be used repeatedly to compute the longitudinal manoeuvring tail loads for various arbitrary elevator inputs. This is done by simply expressing the input as a Fourier series and multiplying each term in the series by the value of the transfer function for the corresponding frequency. Then the resulting output series is summed at enough points to obtain a plot of the transient output. This process can be done in approximately one hour of engineering time for each arbitrary elevator input, exclusive of machine calculating time. The machine (usually I.B.M.) calculating time is about half an hour per input. On the other hand, experience has shown that the engineering time required per input by the standard method is approximately forty hours for the first input, and approximately five hours for each additional input.It is concluded that the calculation of longitudinal manoeuvring tail loads by the T.F.F. method is accurate, dependable, especially adaptable to machine methods, and can conveniently handle arbitrary inputs.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

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