The Relative Commercial and Operational Properties of Short-Range Transport Aeroplanes Powered by Turbine and Reciprocating Engines

1957 ◽  
Vol 61 (560) ◽  
pp. 560-563
Author(s):  
C. F. Toms
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Relative Earning ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

There have recently appeared a number of papers and notes bearing on the merits of turbo-prop vis-a-vis turbo-jet transport aeroplanes, mostly exhibiting specific favour towards one type or the other, but disagreeing among themselves and all based upon investigations which, it is contended here, are incomplete.The basis used has invariably been a comparison of the relative direct operating costs per unit of weight (i.e. per passenger or per ton) per mile, and the relative earning capacities have not been considered. This, it is believed, is a serious omission which can only lead to a distorted assessment and erroneous conclusions.The author has been associated with a thorough-going investigation into the relative merits of twin-engined turbo-prop, turbo-jet, and reciproeating-engined aeroplanes, all designed on a strictly comparable basis to do, as far as the performance of suitable available engines would allow, the same job in terms of capacity payload and associated operational stage length, take-off and landing performance and one-engine-inoperative climb performance in given atmospheric and altitude conditions.

Siklus Akuntansi, Transparansi, Dan Akuntabilitas Atas Penggunaan Dan Pertanggungjawaban Keuangan Dana BOS Di SDIT X Di Depok, Jawa Barat

Liquidity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Yumniati Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Management Team ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Fund Management ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Financial Accountability ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

Investigation in various regions in Indonesia found indications of the alleged fraud that result from unccountable use and management of BOS funds. Among the findings, including payments that do not fit the technical guidelines, no accountability report, and the use of funds with unaccountable receipt. In the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of No. 161/2014, stated that: BOS is a government program that is basically forfunding the nonpersonnel operating costs of the primary education as the implementer of compulsory education program. The purpose of this study were (1) to analyze the accounting cycle and financial accountability for the use of BOS funds in the 2015, (2) to analyze the compliance of the accounting cycle and financial accountability of the BOS funds, (3) to analyze the transparency and accountability of BOS fund’s reports. The observed elementary school is SDIT X in Depok, West Java. Result shows that they do not fully compliance to the appropriate regulatory technical guidelines. On the other hand, the transparency and accountability issues show that: (1) BOS Management Team, Teachers Council and School’s Committee’s involvement in the BOS fund management, and (2) evaluation and comparison of the final report of prior periods, so that transparency and accountability of the use and management of BOS funds can be improved.

Structural phase transition to disorder low-temperature phase in [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 spin-crossover compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Kusz ◽  
Maciej Zubko ◽  
Reinhard B. Neder ◽  
Phillipp Gütlich
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Short Range Order ◽  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Low Temperature Phase

In the spin-crossover compound [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 (where ptz=1-n-propyltetrazole) six different phases are observed. When a single crystal is slowly cooled from high temperatures to those below 125 K, the reflections broaden into diffuse maxima and split into two maxima along the c* direction [Kusz, Gütlich & Spiering (2004). Top. Curr. Chem. 234, 129–153]. As both maxima are broad along the c* direction, the short-range order exists only along the c direction and in the ab plane the structure remains long-range ordered. In this disordered phase additional satellite reflections appear. Upon heating above 135 K, the diffuse maxima return to their previous shape and this process is completely reversible. Rapidly cooled samples, on the other hand, do not show such splitting and the symmetry remains R\bar 3, despite a jump in lattice parameters. We use a special technique to analyse the disorder model of the slowly cooled samples, which consists of layered domains shifted in the hexagonal ab plane. The low-spin disordered phase was solved in a novel approach to accommodate the very unusual twinning and refined in the non-standard space group C\bar 1. In contrast to the ordered low-spin phase, the Fe ion is in a non-centrosymmetric coordination polyhedron and two of the six propyl groups change their conformation.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluent by Crossflow Microfiltration

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Crossflow Microfiltration

The performance of Exxflow, a patented form of crossflow microfiltration, treating industrial wastewaters containing mixed heavy metals discharged by two types of industry is quantified and compared with the traditional technologies used for such treatment. Pilot trial results using Exxflow are shown and compared to the performance of the full scale plants now operating on these effluents. The operating costs of the Exxflow process are estimated for the two plants. One of which has been operating for 18 months and the other about 4 months. The Exxflow process is described and improvements which are being developed to lower the operating costs are presented. It is shown that industrial effluents containing mixed heavy metals are very effectively treated by the Exxflow process and since the installation of the plants the treated effluent has been of a quality suitable for discharge to the River Thames in one case and to a sewage treatment plant in the other. Unlike other processes, Exxflow has shown that it can successfully treat effluent containing mixed metals and that removal of antimony from mixed metal waste waters is affected by the concentration of sodium sulphate in the wastewater.

scholarly journals The structure of the native cardiac thin filament at systolic Ca2+ levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (13) ◽  
pp. e2024288118
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Risi ◽  
Ian Pepper ◽  
Betty Belknap ◽  
Maicon Landim-Vieira ◽  
Howard D. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Troponin Complex ◽  
Myosin Binding

Every heartbeat relies on cyclical interactions between myosin thick and actin thin filaments orchestrated by rising and falling Ca2+ levels. Thin filaments are comprised of two actin strands, each harboring equally separated troponin complexes, which bind Ca2+ to move tropomyosin cables away from the myosin binding sites and, thus, activate systolic contraction. Recently, structures of thin filaments obtained at low (pCa ∼9) or high (pCa ∼3) Ca2+ levels revealed the transition between the Ca2+-free and Ca2+-bound states. However, in working cardiac muscle, Ca2+ levels fluctuate at intermediate values between pCa ∼6 and pCa ∼7. The structure of the thin filament at physiological Ca2+ levels is unknown. We used cryoelectron microscopy and statistical analysis to reveal the structure of the cardiac thin filament at systolic pCa = 5.8. We show that the two strands of the thin filament consist of a mixture of regulatory units, which are composed of Ca2+-free, Ca2+-bound, or mixed (e.g., Ca2+ free on one side and Ca2+ bound on the other side) troponin complexes. We traced troponin complex conformations along and across individual thin filaments to directly determine the structural composition of the cardiac native thin filament at systolic Ca2+ levels. We demonstrate that the two thin filament strands are activated stochastically with short-range cooperativity evident only on one of the two strands. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which cardiac muscle is regulated by narrow range Ca2+ fluctuations.

Solid State NMR as A Probe of Inorganic Materials:Examples From Glasses and Sol-Gels

2006 ◽  
Vol 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Guerry ◽  
Donna L Carroll ◽  
Phillips N Gunawidjaja ◽  
Prodipta Bhattacharya ◽  
Daniela Carta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disordered Materials ◽  
Structural Sensitivity ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTo understand amorphous and structurally disordered materials requires the application of a wide-range of advanced physical probe techniques and herein a combined methodology is outlined. The relatively short-range structural sensitivity of solid state NMR means that it is a core probe technique for characterizing such materials. The aspects of the solid state NMR contribution are emphasized here with examples given from a number of systems, with especial emphasis on the information available from 17O NMR in oxygen-containing materials. 17O NMR data for crystallization of pure sol-gel prepared oxides is compared, with new data presented from In2O3 and Sc2O3. Sol-gel formed oxide mixtures containing silica have been widely studied, but again the role and effect of the other added oxide varies widely. In a ternary ZrO2-TiO2-SiO2 silicate sol-gel the level of Q4 formation is dependent not only on the composition, as expected, but also the nature of the second added oxide. Sol-gel formed phosphates have been much less widely studied than silicates and some 31P NMR data from xerogel, sonogel and melt-quench glasses of the same composition are compared. The effect of small amounts of added antibacterial copper on phosphate glass networks is also explored.

ON SPECTRAL AND SCATTERING THEORY FOR N-BODY, SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS IN A CONSTANT MAGNETIC FIELD

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 199-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
TADAYOSHI ADACHI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Scattering Theory ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Asymptotic Completeness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conjugate Operator ◽  
Neutral Particles ◽  
Pair Potentials ◽  
Spectral And Scattering Theory

We consider an N-body quantum system in a constant magnetic field which consists of just one charged and the other N - 1 neutral particles. We prove the existence of a conjugate operator for the Hamiltonian which governs the system, and show the asymptotic completeness of the system under short-range assumptions on the pair potentials.

The Evolution of the Antiferromagnetic Structure of the Terbium Titanium Oxysulfide Tb2Ti2S2O5 between 5K and 1.4K

2004 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
A. Lafond ◽  
O. Leynaud ◽  
G. André ◽  
F. Bourée ◽  
M. Caldès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Short Range ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Total Magnetic Moment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Range Order ◽  
Magnetic Phases ◽  
Propagation Vector ◽  
Short Range Ordering ◽  
Refinement Procedure

The Tb2Ti2S2O5compound belongs to the lanthanide titanium oxysulfides family Ln2Ti2S2O5. The 3D-structure can be schematically described as a 2D-stacking of [Tb2S2] layers alternating with [Ti2O5] ones. The magnetic structure of this compound was determined from neutron diffraction experiments on a powder sample in the 1.4 K - 15 K temperature range. An incommensurate antiferromagnetic long-range order (LRO) occurs at temperatures ranging from 4.1 K to 2.9 K, which turns to a commensurate state below 2.4 K. The evolution of the propagation vector from ki, ⃗ (kx,0,0), kx≈ 0.46 to kc, ⃗(1/2,0,1/2) is quite unusual. The origin of this unusual change in direction of the propagation vector is not yet explained. On the other hand, a quite large part of the total magnetic moment is involved in a short range ordering (SRO). The refinement procedure taking into account the different coexisting magnetic phases leads to a smooth variation of the total magnetic moment versus temperature.

Possibilities of Cost Reduction with All-Wing Aircraft

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (659) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Design Features ◽  
General Survey ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Direct Operating Cost

The aim of this paper is to show how design improvements may lead to a reduction in direct operating cost, pence per passenger mile. In all the comparisons made it is assumed that equal standards of equipment, accommodation, powerplant efficiency, and so forth, apply and that equal skill and standards apply in manufacturing; differences therefore are due to design features. The paper is in two main sections:(1) A Satellite's eye-view of the whole design problem of the cheap short-range transport aeroplane.(2) A more detailed description of two specific examples which illustrate the conclusions drawn from the general survey.The first part is historically fiction but technically fact; the second part (despite the temptation to interchange the above two nouns and adjectives) is, I claim, fact both historically and technically.I have departed from the historical sequence of events for the first part because we have now realised that it is possible to present in a comprehensive general argument the rather confused mass of data, ideas, techniques, inspirations and false trails that, in the course of time, led us to an enthusiasm for the all-wing Aerobus.

Radioactive impact in South Korea from the damaged nuclear reactors in Fukushima: evidence of long and short range transport

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
G H Hong ◽  
M A Hernández-Ceballos ◽  
R L Lozano ◽  
Y I Kim ◽  
H M Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Range Transport
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document