scholarly journals 4. On the Thyroid Gland in the Cetacea; with Observations on the Relations of the Thymus to the Thyroid in these and some other Mammals

1862 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
William Turner
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Middle Line ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
The Third ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
The Common

The author, in the first instance, directed attention to the discrepant statements of various comparative anatomists respecting the thyroid gland in the Cetacea, quoting from the writings of John Hunter, Meckel, Cuvier, Carus, and Dr Martyn. He then related the result of his own dissections made on three specimens of the common porpoise (Phocœna communis), one being a fœtus, another a well grown male, the third an adult male. In each of these animals a well marked thyroid gland was found, lying on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the trachea at its upper end, and extending slightly upwards on each side over the outer surface of the cricoid cartilage. It presented no division into two lateral lobes, as described by Cuvier and Carus, but consisted of a single uniform mass extending across the middle line.

scholarly journals Morphometry, Topography and Arterial Supply of the Thyroid Gland in Brazilian Shorthair Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anieli Vidal Stocco ◽  
Shirley Viana Peçanha ◽  
Renata Medeiros Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Augusto dos Santos-Sousa ◽  
Paulo Souza Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Thyroid Lobe ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

 Background: Thyroid gland diseases are the most common endocrinopathies in feline practice. Diagnosis and surgical treatment must base on solid anatomical knowledge about the gland size, localization, and blood supply. However, some textbooks provide a general anatomical description of the thyroid gland of domestic carnivores. Thus, specific details of the feline gland are missing. The present study aimed to investigate the dimensions, topography, and arterial supply of the thyroid gland in Brazilian shorthair cats and, therefore, provide additional data to diagnose and treat feline thyroid diseases.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty Brazilian shorthair cats formalin-fixed cadavers (15 male and 15 female) were injected with red-stained latex solution by a canula in the thoracic aorta. The necropsy unit of the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro donated the specimens. The study included only adult animals with no history of thyroid disease. After the fixation period, the cadavers were dissected to investigate the measurements (length, width at cranial and caudal poles, and thickness), topography, and in situ arterial supply of the thyroid lobes. The mean measurements of the length, cranial pole width, caudal pole width, and thickness in the right lobe were 19.39 ± 3.10 mm, 5.36 ± 1.40 mm, 3.67 ± 0.93 mm, and 1.30 ± 0.29 mm, respectively; and 20.29 ± 3.35 mm, 4.85 ± 1.58 mm, 3.88 ± 0.91 mm, 1.64 ± 0.65 mm in the left lobe, respectively. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) in the comparison of the measures between sexes or antimers (sides). Pearson's linear correlation detected a positive, moderate (r = 0.55), and significant (P < 0.05) correlation between the right and left lobe lengths. In 70% of the cats, both left and right lobes had the cranial poles located at the same level. Typically, the lobes extended between the first to the eighth tracheal ring. However, the cranial pole of some lobes located as cranially as the cricoid cartilage level, and the caudal pole as caudally as the 12th tracheal ring. Fifty-six percent of the cats had a ventrally located isthmus. In all the sampling, one single thyroid artery emerged as a branch of the common carotid artery and provided branches directly to the thyroid lobe, isthmus and the adjacent muscles and esophagus.Discussion: Besides establishing average dimensions of normal thyroid lobes in Brazilian shorthair cats, this study detected no significant difference between the average measurements of right and left lobes. Also, a positive linear correlation between the length and width of the right and left lobes became evident. Therefore, the practitioner must consider suspicious any length asymmetry between right and left thyroid lobes until further endocrine test proves otherwise. Most of the cats had the right and left thyroid lobe positioned at the same transversal level; however, positional asymmetries are not uncommon. Unlike dogs, Brazilian shorthair cats have only a single artery to supply each lobe: the thyroid artery. In a feline thyroidectomy, the surgeon must avoid blindly ligating the thyroid artery since this vessel also provided numerous branches to adjacent muscles and esophagus. In a bilateral thyroidectomy, the ventral region between lobes should be thoroughly inspected for the common presence of an isthmus. Sometimes, the surgeon may need to extend the incision caudally beyond the 12th tracheal ring level to visualize the gland tissue entirely.Keywords: endocrinology, feline anatomy, morphometrics, thyroidectomy.

CUSHING'S SYNDROME FOLLOWING PARTIAL ADRENALECTOMY AND COMPLETE HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Sullivan ◽  
Jerrold D. Hydovitz ◽  
H. Rosomoff ◽  
T. S. Danowski
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Partial Adrenalectomy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subtotal Adrenalectomy ◽  
Pituitary Ablation ◽  
Acth Secreting

ABSTRACT A third episode of Cushing's syndrome developed in an adult male who had undergone subtotal adrenalectomy and then complete hypophysectomy in temporarily successful treatment of two earlier episodes. Judging from necropsy findings, this final recurrence was not the result of incomplete pituitary ablation or regeneration of pituitary remnants. Extrasellar pituitary or other ACTH secreting tissue could not be identified, but the patient's marked melanosis suggested its presence with consequent excesses of ACTH or MSH. However, irrespective of whether such excesses did or did not exist, it is clear that the third episode of Cushing's syndrome resulted from hyperfunction of the small adrenal remnant.

scholarly journals III.—Morphological Studies on the Echinoidea Holectypoida and their Allies

1917 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Herbert L. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Common Origin ◽  
Normal Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Apical System ◽  
The Common

The characters of the apical system of a series of Holectypus hemisphæricus from the same horizon at two localities in Dorsetshire are analysed and described. It is found that the average relations of the plates of the system are different at the two localities, although certain numbers of identical forms occur at both. Out of 189 specimens (from both localities), 40 show serious departures from the normal type. These abnormalities are of three classes. One, the most prevalent, consists in the presence of madreporic pores on genital 3, in addition to the normal perforation of genital 2. This is regarded as a “progressive variant” in the direction of Discoides. The second, occurring in three specimens, consists in the interpolation of a supernumerary plate within the system. It is suggested that this may be either a “regressive variant” towards Acrosalenia, or a “progressive variant” towards Nucleolites (as illustrated by N.orlicularis). In neither case would this variation coincide with actual phyletic sequence, so that it is styled “parallel variation”. The third type of variant, seen in one specimen only, combines both the first and second types, and in addition shows an absence of genital 5 and a corresponding increase in the size of the posterior oculars, which meet round the back of the system. The variation in this specimen is interpreted as being “progressive” towards Discoides, “parallel progressive” or “regressive” towards Nucleolites or Acrosalenia respectively, and “progressive” towards Conulus. There are indications of a different series of variants in the Holectypus depressus from the Cornbrash. The high percentage of variation in the composition of the apical system of Holectypus is regarded as an indication of the evolutional activity of the genus, and of its near approximation in time and phylogeny to the common origin of many of the groups of Irregular Echinoids.

The Christian character of Christian mystical experiences

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427
Author(s):  
Steven Payne
Keyword(s):  
Common Elements ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Cognitive Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Affirmative Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mystical Experiences ◽  
Contemporary Writers ◽  
Mystical Literature

Are mystical states essentially ‘everywhere the same’? Though this question is notoriously obscure and difficult to answer, many contemporary writers on mysticism seem to favour an affirmative response to it, for a variety of reasons. First of all, some are impressed by the undeniable similarity in the testimony of mystics from widely divergent backgrounds and cultures; like most readers of mystical literature, they are deeply struck by the degree of apparent consensus between Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist contemplatives, for example. Secondly, there is a commendable desire in recent times to adopt a more positive and open-minded approach to other religions, and to acknowledge the value of their spiritual traditions; consequently, Christian authors today tend to focus on the common elements in Christian and non-Christian spiritualities, downplaying any differences. In the third place, those who wish to defend the cognitive value of mystical experiences on the basis of the ‘universal agreement’ of mystics will naturally maintain that there is a fundamental unanimity behind their different reports.

Richard The Third, Act I, Scene 4

PMLA ◽  
1912 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-141
Author(s):  
Robert Adger Law
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
The Common

The chief source of Shakespeare's tragedy of Richard the Third has long been acknowledged to be either Hall's or Holinshed's prose Chronicle. In addition, some echoes have been discovered in it of the Latin tragedy, Richardus Tertius, of the anonymous English True Tragedie of Richard the Third, and of Marlowe's play, Edward the Second. But for one of the longest and most impressive scenes in Shakespeare's drama, that in which Clarence in prison meets his death at the hands of two ruffians hired for the deed by his brother, the Duke of Gloucester, no source is generally known. For the basis of the entire scene, Hall's Chronicle, which is so close akin to most situations in the play, contains of Clarence's death merely the statement that “attainted was he by parliament and iudged to death, and there vpon hastely drowned in a butte of malmesey within the towre of London.” Mr. P. A. Daniel expresses the common opinion of Shakespearian scholars to-day in saying, “Shakespeare seems to have been indebted to his own imagination only, for the scene of Clarence in prison, his beautiful narrative of his dream, and the less happy dialogue of the murderers.”

Latviešu metālmūzikas albumu nosaukumi

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Ingars Gusāns
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metal Music ◽  
Local Character ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

The aim of the study is to describe the titles of Latvian metal music albums, from the perspective of content, by identifying the common and distinctive character of the metallic music tradition, and perhaps even the local one. Of 241 album titles (data on Dec. 31, 2019), most are in English, some in French, Latin, Russian, some consisting of digits, and 69 titles in Latvian. These titles are the subject of the research. The main source is Encyclopaedia Metallum (www.metal-archives.com), which still does not reflect the current situation concerning Latvian metal music. Album titles in this study are viewed separately from album designs and song titles and are analysed from the perspective of content. The album title is an important part of the work that has been issued because it is an element that makes the audience/buyer pay attention to the album because it must not be forgotten that today the album is also an item that you want to sell. In general, it can be concluded that Latvian metal musicians, with their album titles in Latvian, are mostly following world trends, as evidenced by the integration in the researcher Deena Weinstein’s classification of Dionysian discourse and discourse on chaos. Most titles are more relevant to the discourse on chaos because the thematic circle of chaos is wider. Latvian mythology, along with history, is an up-to-date source for the creative work of bands that is responsible for the local feeling of the titles. A large enough number are titles that are difficult to fit in the Weinstein’s division and form the third group with philosophical titles and simply all sorts of titles. If the philosophical titles follow the world’s trends, the simple titles include the names of the events, tributes, and the titles of literary works, which give them a local character.

Description of the Third-instar Larva and Adult Male of Megasoma sleeperi Hardy (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

10.1649/857.1 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Matthew Van Dam ◽  
Alex Van Dam ◽  
Michael D. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Instar Larva

scholarly journals Bias against Vitamin C in Mainstream Medicine: Examples from Trials of Vitamin C for Infections

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Harri Hemilä ◽  
Elizabeth Chalker
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Mainstream Medicine ◽  
The Common ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence has shown unambiguously that, in certain contexts, vitamin C is effective against the common cold. However, in mainstream medicine, the views on vitamin C and infections have been determined by eminence-based medicine rather than evidence-based medicine. The rejection of the demonstrated benefits of vitamin C is largely explained by three papers published in 1975—two published in JAMA and one in the American Journal of Medicine—all of which have been standard citations in textbooks of medicine and nutrition and in nutritional recommendations. Two of the papers were authored by Thomas Chalmers, an influential expert in clinical trials, and the third was authored by Paul Meier, a famous medical statistician. In this paper, we summarize several flaws in the three papers. In addition, we describe problems with two recent randomized trial reports published in JAMA which were presented in a way that misled readers. We also discuss shortcomings in three recent JAMA editorials on vitamin C. While most of our examples are from JAMA, it is not the only journal with apparent bias against vitamin C, but it illustrates the general views in mainstream medicine. We also consider potential explanations for the widespread bias against vitamin C.

scholarly journals AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY (CASE STUDY AT UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF METRO)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenny - Thresia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
English Writing ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Learner Language

The purpose of this study was study analyze the students’ error in writing argumentative essay. The researcher focuses on errors of verb, concord and learner language. This study took 20 students as the subject of research from the third semester. The data took from observation and documentation. Based on the result of the data analysis there are some errors still found on the student’s argumentative essay in English writing? The common errors which repeatedly appear are verb. The second is concord, and learner languages are the smallest error. From 20 samples that took, the frequency the errors of verb are 12 items (60%), concord are 8 items (40%), learner languages are 7 items (35%). As a result, verb has the biggest number of common errors.

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