London—New York Comet III ‘Paper’ Operation

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
E. W. Pike
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The North ◽  
Payload Capacity ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Daily Paper

In order to obtain some experience of problems that were likely to be encountered in the operation of the Comet III across the North Atlantic, B.O.A.C. decided early in 1954 to conduct a daily ‘paper’ operation between London and New York. The aircraft was planned to depart from London at 1000 G.M.T. each day. It was felt that the production of operational statistics on the basis of a daily operation in this way would enable the Corporation to compile useful information on such vital subjects as elapsed times, payload capacity, fuel uplift requirements, the frequency with which particular routeings were likely to be used and the adequacy of existing meteorological telecommunications and air traffic control services. In order to obtain the basic meteorological data for planning flights it was necessary to enlist the cooperation of the London Airport Meteorological Forecasting Unit and their most helpful cooperation played an important part in the results achieved.

III—Dectra

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-405
Author(s):  
G. Hawker
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Main Route ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Dectra (Decca Track/Range) is one of two British systems recommended at the March 1954. meeting of Com. Division of I.C.A.O. in Montreal for evaluation by interested States. Arrangements are now being made to commence proving trials of Dectra at the end of this year or possibly the beginning of 1957. The trials will be made under the auspices of the Ministry of Supply and Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation in this country and with the support of the Department of Transport in Newfoundland. The system is primarily designed for the navigation of fast jet aircraft across the North Atlantic, a problem intensified by air traffic control when more than 100 aircraft are in the air at the same time on those routes. It is, however, likely to prove valuable for other similar applications. The trials installation will cover the main route Prestwick–Gander.

Air Traffic Control Over The North Atlantic

1959 ◽  
Vol 63 (580) ◽  
pp. 206-220
Author(s):  
E. W. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Ultimate Responsibility ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Safety Considerations

Before considering the special case of the North Atlantic, I should like to attempt some clarification of the term “Air Traffic Control” (A.T.C.). It is in fact a service for which I.C.A.O. member states have accepted responsibility dedicated primarily to avoidance of air-to-air collision hazards and secondly, to providing an expeditious traffic flow. When traffic is dense these requirements are somewhat incompatible and, of course, safety considerations are paramount; therefore the traffic flow suffers impediment in some form or other. Traffic Controllers provide service by issuing clearances which are subject to pilot acceptance. Pilots can ask for alternative clearances if they deem those offered unacceptable. Although the A.T.C. service clearly shoulders a large measure of responsibility for avoidance of air-to-air collisions, the ultimate responsibility is vested in the pilot-in-command who is authorised to take any action he considers necessary to maintain safe flight.

Aeronautical Satellite Systems for Air Traffic Control and Communications in the European Environment

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (700) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
H. G. Leysieffer
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Traffic Surveillance ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
North Atlantic Area

The North Atlantic is increasingly developing into the main trade route of the age. Shipping, the pioneer along this highway of commerce, in the past decade has been joined by air traffic displaying a striking growth rate. Not only is the number of aircraft simultaneously plying the Atlantic routes constantly on the increase, but also the volume of passengers and freight transported on each flight. The question, whether such flow of traffic in the air and on water could be dealt with in future with the safety to which it is entitled, has led to world-wide discussions over the past few years concerning the necessity for an air traffic surveillance system for the North Atlantic area. A further question, whether one should not include also sea traffic in such a system suggested itself. The initiative for holding such discussions naturally proceeded less from air and shipping undertakings, but rather from those committees who are entrusted in supervising the safety in the conduct of man and merchandise.

Operating in the North Atlantic MNPS Airspace

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Conor Whelan
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Performance Specification ◽  
The North ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Reporting Procedures

This paper considers the issue of operating aircraft through the North Atlantic's Minimum Navigation Performance Specification (MNPS) airspace. Noting that aircraft constantly strive for reduced fuel burn and uplift, it describes how flight operators and pilots conduct safe, efficient flights through the region. Reference is made to mechanisms of the North Atlantic MNPS airspace in terms of its Organized Track Structure and other routes that exist. These different structures emphasize the level of flexibility available. Flight planning procedures and requirements necessary to obtain oceanic Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearances are mentioned, as is an account of how communication and position reporting procedures operate to apply the Mach Number technique. Other aspects of MNPS operations such as ETOPS operational restrictions, meteorological effects, the employment of Reduced Vertical Separation Minima and planned regional changes aim to provide an overview of the MNPS system's current and future air traffic management.

I—The Development of the Specification

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Track System ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
The North Atlantic

Every day several hundred subsonic aircraft travel between the European and North American continents. Because of noise limitations at major airports, aircraft turn-around times and the time difference between the continents, the direction of the main traffic flow changes through the day. In the afternoon (GMT) the flow is predominantly westbound, while in the early hours of the morning the flow is predominantly eastbound. Oceanic air traffic control for the North Atlantic region has evolved into what is now known as the Organized Track System; traffic is divided into streams, each stream flying at a specified set of flight levels on one of several adjacent tracks. Figure 1 shows an example of the subsonic track system during the westbound peak. To secure operating economy the layout of the track system on any day is matched to the pattern of the upper winds.

The Dioscures Project

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
B. Manuali
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Aircraft Control ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

In January 1967 the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and the Secrétariat Général à l'Aviation Civile agreed on the definition of the main characteristics of the Project Dioscures, a system for telecommunications, air traffic control and navigation by means of satellites. Since then, technical studies have been carried out and the main equipment is being developed. The proposed system will enable air traffic control centres to provide continuous position determination for aircraft in the common visibility zone of two geostationary satellites. Furthermore, it will establish dependable and good-quality communication links between aircraft, control centres and other users (airlines and shipping companies, meteorological services, &c.). The system will initially be implemented over the Atlantic, mainly to serve the North Atlantic region, to be progressively expanded to cover the whole world.

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