The Use of Omega for Air and Sea Navigation

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-457
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Open Session

A discussion on current progress in the development of Omega as a world-wide navigation aid, on technical problems that still await satisfactory solutions, and on the probable magnitude of the resulting errors in position, took place at an open session of the Technical Committee held in London on 24 January 1973 with Mr. H. E. Smith, o.b.e., in the Chair. The discussion was opened by the President.

Relative Navigation

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-358
Keyword(s):  
Technical Committee ◽  
Relative Navigation ◽  
Open Session

The following discussion took place at an open session of the Technical Committee held at the Royal Aeronautical Society in London on 19 January 1972 with Mr. H. E. Smith in the Chair.The Chairman: Relative navigation has a wide connotation, but for the purpose of our discussion it may be applied firstly to aircraft management in the positive or passive sense, arising from an air-to-air navigational interrogation capability, and secondly to the means whereby this capability may be realized.

Sewage sludge co-management: developments in EU regulations and characterization procedures

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Spinosa ◽  
R. Leschber ◽  
K. Wichmann
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
European Regulations

Sewage sludge is often separately handled from solid wastes with possible technical problems and diseconomies. Combined composting, incineration and landfilling would allow operating modalities to be optimised and costs reduced. To correctly perform management operations and fulfill legal requirements, standardized characterization methods and guidelines of good practice are required. So CEN established the Technical Committee 308 in support to the development of European regulations. Regarding composting, the development of a Biowaste Directive, which includes the evaluation of biological stability, has been undertaken in European Union, and within the context of co-incineration CEN/TC308 published Guidelines dealing with the combined incineration of sludges and household waste. Landfilling is a known disposal practice, but sludge landfilling involves several difficulties, mainly due to its poor physical and biological stability. In this paper main aspects of co-management of sewage sludge and solid wastes are briefly outlined, and developments in European regulations and characterization procedures summarised.

GaAs Integrated Circuit Manufacturing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Jesús A. del Alamo
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Microwave Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit Manufacturing ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Actual Figure

In the mid 1980s, reports of exciting progress from GaAs integrated circuit (IC) performance from R&D laboratories world-wide portrayed a rosy future for GaAs. Now, in the early 1990s, true to their reputation, GaAs ICs are still largely the stuff of the future. In fact, deployment of GaAs ICs in real systems has been disappointingly slow. In 1985, the commercial GaAs IC market was forecast to reach $800 million by 1990. The actual figure was only $142 million. To put this number in perspective, it represents less than 0.4% of the total Si IC merchant market.In a recent survey of the GaAs industry, Kato explored the causes for GaAs troubles, with startling findings. The issue certainly does not seem to be a performance one because GaAs ICs are sufficiently ahead of alternative technologies. Material quality is not a problem either. Extremely high-quality 3 in. and 4 in. GaAs wafers are now on the market at reasonable prices. On the other hand, several serious deficiencies center around IC manufacturing. The price of the final GaAs ICs is perceived as not competitive with alternative technologies. This is rooted in the low yields and poor repeatability of the manufacturing lines. A great contribution to cost is time-consuming functionality testing, particularly for analog products. For MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) in particular, final testing can easily become the bottleneck of the entire fabrication process. There is also much uncertainty about reliability. This might explain to a large extent the low customer confidence in the technology. Kato reports that fundamental technical problems in making GaAs ICs are still believed to remain.

The Use of Manpower in Navigation

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-479
Keyword(s):  
Technical Committee ◽  
Open Session

The discussion printed below took place at an open session of the Institute's Technical Committee held at the Royal Aeronautical Society in London on 2 May 1973 with Claud Powell in the Chair.

The Case for a Maritime Traffic Convention: A Discussion

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-518
Keyword(s):  
Technical Committee ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Open Session

Keith Best's paper ‘Through the Proper Channels’ was published in the last number of the Journal. The following discussion of its principal proposals took place at an open session of the Technical Committee held in London on 6 May with Captain Maybourn in the Chair. Mr. Best is President of the British Section of the Societé des Ingéneurs Civils de France.

The Proposed Revision of the Collision Regulations

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Safety Committee ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Open Session ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up

In October this year an international conference on the revision of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea will be held in London. A working party appointed by the Maritime Safety Committee of Imco, under the chairmanship of Captain A. C. Manson of the Department of Trade and Industry, has drawn up proposals for the revision of the present regulations. Captain Manson described these proposals to an open session of the Technical Committee held in London on 17 May 1972 with Captain D. A. G. Dickens, an Elder Brother of Trinity House, in the Chair. Introducing the subject the Chairman said that the Institute, through its Journal, the discussions it had promoted on previous occasions, and through the working party set up in 1970, had taken a significant part in forming opinion on the issues involved. In particular perhaps it had ventilated the suggestions that collision avoidance might better be based on positive manœuvring instructions rather than by simply apportioning responsibility. The long-term influence of these suggestions may well be considerable even though they might not in the event be reflected in the Rules now being proposed.

The Current Situation of the Development of Biofuels and Main Technical Problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Chang Wei He
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Production System ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Transformation Approach ◽  
Energy Exploitation

This paper provides three types of modern bio-fuels transformation approach, and the corresponding products as well as their world-wide production and application situation. The paper also analyses the advantage and disadvantage of Marine biological fuel and current challenges. Developing bio-fuels should not simply consider energy exploitation, but should concern setting up matched production system and multi-functional frameworks, highly integrating environmental, social, and economic resources, so as to achieve goal of long-term sustainable development.

The Compulsory Fitting of Seaborne Radar Collision Avoidance Systems: A Discussion

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Open Session

Certain measures now before IMCO require all vessels of particular classes to carry automatic radar plotting devices with a specified level of performance. Tankers over 10 000 tons trading to the United States will be required to carry such equipment from 1982 and the IMCO requirements will apply progressively to different categories of vessel over 10 000 tons from 1984–89.The Technical Committee met in open session in London on 16 January 1980 to discuss the implication of these measures and some of the contributions to the discussion are printed below.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
R. Beeuwkes ◽  
A. Saubermann ◽  
P. Echlin ◽  
S. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Method ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Classic Paper ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document