scholarly journals The Rotterdam Approach Control

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
R. B. Richardson

Listening to Captain Brandenburg's talk on his ideas about the future navaids in Rotterdam (this Journal, 25, 67) I was left with the conviction that even the most ardent opponents of change will at least be better informed having heard it. Although in his introduction he excluded direct reference to Rotterdam, it is well known that the new Auto Com/Radar Data system when introduced there will be a real milestone for historians of port entrance techniques. I would like to think that it will lead us in this country one step closer to the day when we take the option out of progress on our own coasts and waterways and get on with it as they are doing in Rotterdam. There is of course one great difference—in Holland and Germany the Governments and Municipalities are involved, so that the necessary finances are seen in a clearer light.

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-169
Author(s):  
S.E. Tariverdieva

The article deals with the development of the coregency system of Augustus and Agrippa from 29 to 18 BC: from formal and actual disparity of the coregents to their formal equality with the dominance of the princeps auctoritas. Particular attention is paid to the earlier stages of this development and to the crisis of 23 BC. The coregency system created by Augustus is often regarded by modern historians as means of ensuring uninterrupted succession of power. Agrippa as his coregent often is thought to have assumed the role of the regent who temporally replaces the princeps, just as it was in formal monarchies, or that of the tutor of the future rulers. However, the Roman system of state administration did not allow such type of regency. The princeps coregent, who was his equal in formal credentials but his inferior in terms of auctoritas, in case of the princeps death had to become the next princeps as his immediate successor. It is unlikely that later he was expected to voluntarily give up his power in favour of younger heir and to vanish from the political life altogether. The inheritance system under Augustus was like a ladder with the princeps at the top, the coregent who was also the immediate successor one step below, heirs of the next degree further down. In case of death of one of them, successors shifted one step up. The coregency had one more function: geographically it allowed Augustus and Agrippa to rule jointly the empire while staying in different parts of it.В статье исследуется развитие системы соправления Августа и Агриппы с 29 по 12 гг. до н. э.: от формального и фактического неравенства соправителей до их формального равенства при преобладании auctoritas принцепса, причём особое внимание уделяется раннему этапу этого развития и кризису 23 г. до н. э. Институт соправления, созданный Августом, часто рассматривается, как средство обеспечения бесперебойного перехода власти, причем Агриппе, как соправителю, НЕРЕДКО отводится роль регента, временно замещающего принцепса или воспитателя будущих правителей. Однако римская система государственного управления не предполагала регентства. Соправитель принцепса, равный ему по формальным полномочиям, но уступавший по auctoritas, в случае его смерти должен был СТАТЬ следующим принцепсом, ближайшим его наследником. Вряд ли предполагалось, что в будущем он должен добровольно уступить власть более молодому наследнику и исчезнуть из политической жизни. Система наследования при Августе представляла собой нечто вроде лестницы, на вершине которой стоял принцепс, на следующей ступени соправитель, он же избранный преемник, ниже наследники следующей очереди в случае смерти когото из них происходило продвижение наследников по ступеням вверх. Кроме того, соправление имело и иное значение позволяло Августу и Агриппе совместно управлять империей, находясь в разных ее частях.


2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne LaFont

The role and status of women in the post-communist countries has been and continues to be varied and full of contradictions. This article discusses the historical, social, economic, and political dynamics affecting the lives of women during the transition from communism to democracy. It argues that democracy, rather than diminishing gender discrimination, has widened the gender gap through declines in women's political representation and increases in women's unemployment and underemployment. Recently, however, the proliferation of women's organizations and the growth of women's studies programs suggests a more optimistic outlook for the future.


2020 ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Schatz

The Labor Board vets insisted that they were always realistic and had no ideological convictions of any kind. This chapter argues that such a characterization is not accurate. Clark Kerr, John Dunlop, and the other veterans of the board’s staff were in truth utopians—not utopians as that term is usually imagined, but liberal reformers who believed that they could transform the world over time, one step at a time. The famous German sociologist Karl Mannheim termed that mindset “liberal-humanitarian utopian.” The chapter looks back to their youth to explain how they came to that worldview and how unarticulated utopian beliefs pervaded their teaching, writing, and other work. The chapter concludes with the prediction advanced by Clark Kerr, John Dunlop, Charles Myers, and Frederick Harbison that the U.S. and Soviet systems would converge in the future--a conviction that appeared realistic in the latter 1980s and the early 1990s.


Author(s):  
Garrett Hardin

An enduring problem of social life is what to do about the future. Can we predict it? Can we control it? How much sacrifice are we willing to make in the present for the promise of a better future? The questions are harrowing, and agreement comes hard. The year 1921 was a time of famine in some parts of the newly formed Soviet Union. An American journalist, visiting a refugee camp on the Volga, reported that almost half of the people had died of starvation. Noticing some sacks of grain stacked on an adjacent field, he asked the patriarch of the refugee community why the people did not simply overpower the lone soldier guarding the grain and help themselves. The patriarch impatiently explained that the seed was being saved for next season's planting. "We do not steal from the future," he said. It would be too much to claim that only the human animal is capable of imagining what is yet to come, but it is difficult to believe that any other animal can have so keen an appreciation of the demands of the future. Alfred Korbzybski (1879- 1950) called man "the time-binding animal." Binding the future to the present makes sense only if understandable mechanisms connect the two. This understanding was notably missing in the writings of the anarchist-journalist William Godwin. Unlike Malthus, he could make no sense of the fluctuations of human numbers. "Population," he said, "if we consider it historically, appears to be a fitful principle, operating intermittedly and by starts. This is the great mystery of the subject.. .. One of the first ideas that will occur to a reflecting mind is, that the cause of these irregularities cannot be of itself of regular and uniform operation. It cannot be [as Malthus says] 'the numbers of mankind at all times pressing hard against the limits of the means of subsistence.'" Rather than trying to see how appearances might be reconciled with natural laws, Godwin simply said there were no natural laws. His proposal to replace law with "fhfulness" led one of his critics to comment: "Perhaps Godwin was simply carrying his dislike of law one step farther. Having applied it to politics (1793) and to style (1797), he now applied it to nature (1820). He deliberately placed a whole army of facts out of the range of science."


1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Deco ◽  
Christian Schittenkopf ◽  
Bernd Schürmann

We introduce an information-theory-based concept for the characterization of the information flow in chaotic systems in the framework of symbolic dynamics for finite and infinitesimal measurement resolutions. The information flow characterizes the loss of information about the initial conditions, i.e. the decay of statistical correlations (i.e. nonlinear and non-Gaussian) between the entire past and a point p steps into the future as a function of p. In the case where the partition generating the symbolic dynamics is finite, the information loss is measured by the mutual information that measures the statistical correlations between the entire past and a point p steps into the future. When the partition used is a generator and only one step ahead is observed (p = 1), our definition includes the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy concept. The profiles in p of the mutual information describe the short- and long-range forecasting possibilities for the given partition resolution. For chaos it is more relevant to study the information loss for the case of infinitesimal partitions which characterizes the intrinsic behavior of the dynamics on an extremely fine scale. Due to the divergence of the mutual information for infinitesimal partitions, the "intrinsic" information flow is characterized by the conditional entropy which generalizes the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy for the case of observing the uncertainty more than one step into the future. The intrinsic information flow offers an instrument for characterizing deterministic chaos by the transmission of information from the past to the future.


Slavic Review ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Marc Szeftel

Professor Roberts’ study is an impressive methodological achievement. The more one meditates on it, the less one finds to disagree with. The task of this writer is rather a frustrating one, for how can one bring new points of view to supplement such a thorough treatment?Professor Roberts pointed out that the future of the dilemma under study will hardly be dominated by the issue “Russia versus the West,“ for it will be overshadowed by more powerful factors which have dominated the life of both the West and Russia since the beginning of our century (Russia up to 1917!). I would be tempted as a historian to go one step further, and question our ability to see, or consciously to shape, the future. First of all, many new factors may appear. Second, we do not know the relationship and proportional weight of factors that will continue from the present into the future. So I would eschew the consideration of the future altogether.


1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 225-226

Whether predictions of the future can be made on the basis of extrapolation is a matter for conjecture. But if one assumes a linear evolution, change will continue apace; and by the year 2000 all nations will be enjoying higher living standards than at present. But life styles, and socio‐technical and politico‐economic systems, will not be radically different from those currently prevailing. People will have been afforded an opportunity to adjust by taking one step at a time, and many may feel that this is the most desirable future open to us.


Data is an ocean of Universal Facts”. Big data once an emergent technology of study is in its prime with immense potential for future technological advancements. A formal study in the attributes of data is essential to build robust systems of the future. Data scientists need a basic foot hold when studying data systems and their applications in various domains. This paper intends to be THE go-to resource for every student and professional desirous to make an entry in the field of Big Data. This paper has two focus areas. The first area of focus is the detailing of the 5 V attributes of data i.e. Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity and Value. Secondly, we will endeavor to present a domain wise independent as well as comparative of the correlation between the 5 V’s of Big Data. We have researched and collected information from various market watch dogs and concluded by carrying out comparatives which are highlighted in this publication. The domains we will mention are Wholesale Trade Domain, Retail Domain, Utilities Domain, Education Domain, Transportation Domain, Banking and Securities Domain, Communication and Media Domain, Manufacturing Domain, Government Domain, Healthcare Domain, etc. This is invaluable information for Big Data system designers as well as future researchers.


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