Private protected areas: three key challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD J. LADLE ◽  
CHIARA BRAGAGNOLO ◽  
GABRIELA M. GAMA ◽  
ANA C.M. MALHADO ◽  
MEREDITH ROOT-BERNSTEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Private Protected Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation

SUMMARYPrivate protected areas (PPAs) are a board category that includes reserves established and managed by non-government entities, including civil society organizations, businesses and private individuals. It was recently suggested that the creation of a system of PPAs in Brazil may act as a useful model for extending protected area systems internationally. While it is clear that RPPNs have an important role to play in the future development of Brazil's protected area system, there are several significant challenges that need to be overcome if they are fulfil their potential: (1) ensuring that RPPNs contribute to coverage and representation; (2) ensuring adequate governance; and (3) increasing the attractiveness of the RPPN model. While it is still too early to determine whether RPPNs constitute a robust PPA model that could (or should) be exported to other countries, they are creating new opportunities for innovation and novel management strategies that might eventually lead to a vibrant and distinctly Brazilian protected area movement.

Ante las metas 230 del convenio de biodiversidad. ¿Es la gobernanza de las áreas protegidas una alternativa a la gobernanza política tradicional?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Martín
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
International Level ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Traditional Governance

Decisions on the future conformation of the planet and its biosphere will soon have to be made. About 30% of the globe under different categories will be declared a protected area by 2030. Such determination on international level, perhaps unique in its kind due to its territorial scope, will lead to the re-conformation and resignification of enormous spaces. For a century and a half, protected areas have been changing their purposes; it is now necessary to review their governance and the effectiveness of their management, which should not replicate that of unprotected territories. High social and environmental expectations will fall on marginal public institutions within their governments. Many of them dream that these territories will provide alternative models to those offered by traditional governance, projecting non-environmental political utopias and adding complexity. The objective of this work is to evaluate the challenge and lay out criteria to confront it. To this end, demands and feasibility in the case of Argentina are analyzed through two scenarios, estimating the necessary resources and pointing out possible criteria. It is concluded that many priorities must be reformulated in the country and the world to meet a new territoriality since the environmental governance is a good alternative, which is as much in crisis as the traditional one.

scholarly journals Płacząc po norwesku. Serial Skam jako opowieść transmedialna dla międzynarodowej publiczności

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (37) ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mączko
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
Internet Tv ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Tv Show

The article aims to analyse the phenomenon of a Norwegian Internet-TV show for teenage audiences, Skam (2015–2017). The transmedia storytelling used in this production resulted in unforeseen international acclaim, subsequently leading to the creation of local remakes of the series. The article will outline the main issues that the show has dealt with, as well as the immersion-building narrative solutions used by the creators. Moreover, it will discuss Skam’s reception by Norwegian and international audiences, and suggest potential directions for the future development of this format.

scholarly journals ANALYZING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT PLANS OF FEDERAL PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 846-854
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ribeiro Morais ◽  
◽  
Mariana Nascimento Siqueira ◽  
Roniel Freitas-Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Group B

Protected areas are the most frequently used tool for the mitigation of threats to biodiversity. However, without effective management, the creation of new protected areas may be ineffective. In Brazil, protected areas must have both a governing body (consultative or deliberative council) and an official management plan. Here, we analyzed general trends and patterns in the approval of the management plans for Brazilian federal protected areas. We considered all federal protected areas, and compiled data on (i) the year the area was created, (ii) the type of protected area (integral protection vs. sustainable use), (iii) year its management plan was approved, (iv) year in which the management plan was revised after its approval, (v) total area (in hectares), and (vi) the biome in which the area is located. We stablished three groups of protected area: 1) Group A: protected areas created prior to 1979, 2) Group B: protected areas created between 1979 and 1999, and 3) Group C: protected areas created between 2000 to the present time. Finally, we tested whether time for the approval of the management plan suffered a simultaneous effect of the type of biome and type of categories of protected area (strictly protected vs. sustainable use areas). We found 211 (63.17% of the 334) protected areas with management plan. On average, the time taken for the creation and approval of a management plan far exceeds the deadlines (5 yrs.) defined under current Brazilian law. All Brazilian biomes are poorly covered by protected areas with effective management plans, with the highest and lowest value observed in the Pantanal (100%) and Caatinga (46.42%), respectively. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of many federal protected areas in Brazil can be reduced considerably by the lack of a management plan, with deleterious consequences for the country’s principal conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Non-Violent Resistance in Iranian Kurdistan After 1979

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Allan Hassaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Iranian Revolution ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Phase ◽  
The Revolution

This paper sheds light on the significance of the 1979 Iranian Revolution for the Iranian Kurdish movement, arguing that the Revolution provided Iranian Kurds with multifaceted opportunities as well as challenges. In the ensuing years, the Kurdish movement entered into a new phase of its rise. With the emergence of numerous civil society organizations and political parties, the Kurdish movement experienced a hitherto unprecedented growth and diversification of actors and organisations. Kurdish civil society flourished drastically, and a significant part of the Kurdish movement’s challenge to the newly-established government in Tehran was channelled through collective non-violent resistance. The creation of city councils (şoray şar) across Kurdistan constituted the first important challenge to the authority of the Provisional Revolutionary Government, whilst the mobilisation of collective non-violent resistance introduced new forms of resistance to the post-Revolutionary authoritarian state’s policies in Kurdistan.

scholarly journals Pungent parks: smell’s growing relevance in park tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
William L. Rice ◽  
Garrett C. Hamilton ◽  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Tourism Experience ◽  
The Future ◽  
Parks And Protected Areas

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the growing relevance of natural smells – both pleasant and unpleasant – to park and protected area tourism and the need for more consideration of their role in the visitor experience. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents four observations – selected via an informal review of the tourism literature – relevant to the future of smellscapes research concerning tourism in parks and protected areas. Findings An emerging body of literature is indicating natural smells are central to the sensory experience of parks and protected areas. The iconic nature of park smellscapes underscores their role in the tourism experience. Originality/value This paper extracts the current trends in smellscapes research relevant to park and protected area tourism. It therefore provides value to both tourism practitioners and researchers, alike, through its attempt to compile significant trends.

Infused Creativity: An Approach to Creative System Design

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Offer Shai ◽  
Yoram Reich ◽  
Daniel Rubin
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Work Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation

Many methods that support human creativity by manual or computational means have been proposed in the past. They rely on the assumption that following a certain process of reasoning might lead to generating ideas considered creative. We start by defining creativity as a capability that enables the creation of systems that are patentable. Subsequently, we present a method called infused creativity, which is derived from infused design. The method guarantees generating creative designs by transforming systems from remote disciplines. Finding these systems and their transformations is done through a provably guaranteed to work process based on the underlying discrete mathematical representation. We describe the method of infused creativity and illustrate its operation in designing a new active torque amplifier system. We also discuss the future development of the method.

scholarly journals Possible models of implementing private protected area concept in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Raminta Povilaitytė ◽  
Ričardas Skorupskas
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Private Protected Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Landscape Biodiversity

Nowadays people are more aware of the importance of the surrounding nature: landscape, biodiversity, and natural resources. However, society is facing many ecological challenges, so individuals and communities are becoming more involved in conservation. While government is not always capable of providing the best care of nature and all its components, ordinary people, or non-government organizations “step up” and help them. One way of doing that is creating private protected areas. Many countries in the world have examples of this kind of protected areas’ governance type: some are more regulated in legal systems, some are less, but they all provide crucial benefits to conservation if managed properly. In Lithuania protected areas are governed only by the government but usually the lack of funds affects the quality of conservation. Because of that, it is necessary to analyse different mechanisms of creation of private protected areas, take examples from best practices in the world and consider implementing it in the national protected area system.

scholarly journals The Importance of Partnerships for Effective Protected Area Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam de Koning ◽  
Oliver Avramoski
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Communications Skills ◽  
To Come ◽  
Area Management

Protected areas work in complex environments in which they have to liaise with governments, scientific and civil society organizations, volunteers, local stakeholders, visitors, and funders. This requires next to thematic expertise on conservation, among others legal, management, financial, administrative and communications skills and capacities. Especially the smaller protected areas struggle to efficiently operate in all these specialized fields and often lack enough in-house capacity and resources. This chapter highlights the lessons learned and evolvement of various forms of partnerships in different countries on different continents (collaborative arrangement in Laos and different formal and informal arrangements in the Western Balkans). Core to the success is to build sufficient capacity within the protected area management authorities so they understand the priorities and the resources needed to fund, manage and implement these priorities. Specialized skills and capacities needed for effective protected area management are limited in most countries and it is inefficient and too expensive to build this capacity in-house. Having a clear vision on what needs to be done and building a strong cooperation between partners through effective communication is the key to success to come to more effective protected area management either on a national, regional or transboundary level.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF EMBROIDERY AND HOME WORK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Nilufar Mustaqimovna Rakhmatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation

This article discusses the creation of favorable economic and social conditions for the revival of forgotten traditional handicrafts in Uzbekistan in recent years and the future development of its surviving varieties. In the Soviet era, domestic labor was initially opposed for political and ideological reasons, but later, under the notion of “self-employment,” domestic production was not strongly opposed, but not enough attention was paid to its development.

scholarly journals Dynamic Programming, An Approach for Analysing Competition Strategies

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
T. Pentikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic Programming ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Business ◽  
Insurance Business ◽  
Simulated Market

Stochastic-dynamic programming provides a technique for forecasting limits within which the insurance business will flow by a prefixed probability. The future development depends, among numerous other things, on management strategies, especially resources, which are planned for allocation in the acquisition of new business and for competition. This technique can be used to analyse different market situations. Various competitive measures and eventual counteractions by competitors can be assumed and simulated for the purpose. In this way the consequences of different strategies can be studied in order to find the most appropriate one. Our approach is similar to the well-known business games where teams play business in a simulated market. The idea of applying dynamic programming to business games was suggested by Esa Hovinen (discussion at the Astin Colloquium in Washington in 1977).

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