scholarly journals High sedimentary oxygen consumption indicates that sewage input from small islands drives benthic community shifts on overfished reefs – ERRATUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
AMANDA K. FORD ◽  
NANNE VAN HOYTEMA ◽  
BRADLEY R. MOORE ◽  
LINA PANDIHAU ◽  
CHRISTIAN WILD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Correct Figure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
Spelling Mistake

In the article above there is a spelling mistake in the Figure 3 legend. Largge should be Large. The correct Figure 3 legend is shown below:-Figure 3 Biomass values of herbivorous fish functional groups – browsers, grazers and detritivores, and scrapers and small excavators – for each island. Large excavators and bioeroders were not observed, and thus are not included in the graph.Page 5, right column in the ‘Ecological perspective and management implications section’, in the second paragraph the third sentence should read . . .One potential management tool that considers these needs and limitations is the installation of composting toilets, after due consideration of local cultural sensitivities. . .The publisher apologises for these errors.

Effect of exposure to low temperature on normal and iron-deficient subjects

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. R380-R383 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Martinez-Torres ◽  
L. Cubeddu ◽  
E. Dillmann ◽  
G. L. Brengelmann ◽  
I. Leets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Iron Deficient

Twenty-one Venezuelan peasants were segregated into three groups on the basis of measurements of iron status: seven normal subjects, six iron-deficient subjects with normal hemoglobin and eight iron-deficient subjects with a hemoglobin concentration of less than 9 g/dl. All subjects were placed in a water bath at an initial temperature of 36 degrees C. The water temperature was then rapidly lowered to 28 degrees C, and observations were made over the period of 1 h. Mean oral temperature of the first group fell 0.2, the second group 0.5, and the third group 0.9 degrees C. Mean plasma norepinephrine levels in both groups of iron-deficient subjects were significantly higher at 36 degrees C and during cold exposure compared with control subjects. Oxygen consumption was also significantly increased in both groups of iron-deficient subjects after cold exposure.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 101-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lee Grismer ◽  
Perry L. Wood, Jr. ◽  
Nikolay A. Poyarkov ◽  
Minh D. Le ◽  
Fred Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
True Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Mitochondrial Phylogeny

The gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus is the third most speciose vertebrate genus in the world, containing well over 300 species that collectively range from South Asia to Melanesia across some of the most diverse landscapes and imperiled habitats on the planet. A genus-wide phylogeny of the group has never been presented because researchers working on different groups were using different genetic markers to construct phylogenies that could not be integrated. We present here Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference mitochondrial and mito-nuclear phylogenies incorporating of 310 species that include dozens of species that had never been included in a genus-wide analysis. Based on the mitochondrial phylogeny, we partition Cyrtodactylus into 31 well-supported monophyletic species groups which, if used as recommended herein, will increase the information content of future integrative taxonomic analyses that continue to add new species to this genus at an ever-increasing annual rate. Data presented here reiterate the outcome of several previous studies indicating that Cyrtodactylus comprises an unprecedented number of narrow-range endemics restricted to single mountain tops, small islands, or karst formations that still remain unprotected. This phylogeny can provide a platform for various comparative ecological studies that can be integrated with conservation management programs across the broad diversity of landscapes and habitats occupied by this genus. Additionally, these data indicate that the true number of Cyrtodactylus remains substantially underrepresented.

Learning from WorldCom: Implications for Fraud Detection through Continuous Assurance

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Randel Kuhn ◽  
Steve G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Enterprise Software ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Enterprise Risk

The recent rash of corporate frauds and malfeasance has intensified the focus on continuous assurance as a viable enterprise risk-management tool. In line with this focus, the current study revisits the WorldCom fraud and explores the feasibility of implementing continuous assurance over key-event-transaction data as a means of facilitating early detection of the main fraud activities that occurred. There are three main objectives of the research. The first is to examine the key methods of fraud executed by WorldCom's management in order to design a continuous assurance model that would have provided the analytic monitoring necessary for early detection of the fraudulent transactions. The second objective is to provide a blueprint for the integration of the prescribed continuous assurance model in an SAP environment as a means of demonstrating the feasibility of such a continuous assurance strategy. The third objective is to explore the complexity derived from the use of multiple-legacy systems as a means of articulating the resulting higher risk and the negative impact on the feasibility of continuous assurance. WorldCom forms the centerpiece of the research study based on the multiple fraud conditions and the coexistence of both SAP enterprise software and a myriad of legacy-system applications.

scholarly journals High sedimentary oxygen consumption indicates that sewage input from small islands drives benthic community shifts on overfished reefs

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA K. FORD ◽  
NANNE VAN HOYTEMA ◽  
BRADLEY R. MOORE ◽  
LINA PANDIHAU ◽  
CHRISTIAN WILD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
Organic Input ◽  
Fore Reef ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Community Shifts

SUMMARYSmall-island coral reef ecosystems are usually closely coupled to the activities of human inhabitants. Ahus Island (Papua New Guinea) is an isolated Pacific island with a rapidly growing population, heavy reliance on marine resources and limited infrastructure. We hypothesized that untreated sewage was driving distinct benthic assemblages around Ahus and neighbouring uninhabited Onetah. At sites with varying proximities to beach toilets, fore-reef herbivorous fish biomass and benthic composition were measured alongside reef-flat sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC); a high SOC rate reflects high organic input into coastal waters, thus serving as a potential indicator of sewage input. Fish biomass was low (17.1–20.1 g m–2), but consistent between sites. However, cyanobacteria dominated the fore-reef closest to toilets (62 ± 3%) with highest reef-flat SOC, whereas hard corals dominated furthest away (63 ± 1%), where SOC was lowest. To our knowledge, this is the first study that used SOC to detect local differences in sewage pollution. The results indicate that whilst corals can maintain their dominance on overfished reefs, additional sewage stress may drive pronounced benthic shifts, highlighting the urgency to improve small-island waste management.

scholarly journals KEUNGGULAN SUB SEKTOR PERIKANAN DAN PARIWISATA BAHARI DALAM STRUKTUR PEREKONOMIAN WILAYAH PULAU-PULAU KECIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Mira Mira
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Comparative Advantages

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana kinerja sub sektor perikanan dan sub sektor pariwisata bahari di wilayah yang karakteristiknya pulau-pulau kecil seperti di Kepulauan Seribu. Kinerja tersebut meliputi apakah sub sektor pariwisata bahari dan perikanan menjadi sektor unggulan/terbelakang/potensial/berkembang, apakah dua sub sektor tersebut menjadi sub sektor yang prospektif dan sub sektor yang memiliki keunggulan komparatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2011 di Kepulauan Seribu. Metode analisis pergeseran struktur perekonomian digunakan dalam penelitian ini.  Hasil analisis pada komponen pertumbuhan pangsa wilayah, hanya sub sektor perikanan yang memiliki  keunggulan komparatif yang berarti bahwa hanya sub sektor ini yang mampu bersaing. Pada sektor wisata bahari, pertambangan dan penggalian, industri, transportasi dan komunikasi, dan kontruksi di Kepulauan Seribu tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif, karena masih banyaknya komponen input yang diimpor dari sektor tersebut. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis profil pertumbuhan mengindikasikan bahwa hanya sub sektor perikanan yang masuk pada kuadran pertama yang artinya sektor-sektor unggulan pada wilayah Kepulauan Seribu. Sektor pariwisata bahari dari hasil analisis profil pertumbuhan termasuk pada kuadran ketiga, dimana merupakan sub sektor yang potensial yang dikembangkan di Kepulauan Seribu. Kategori sektor potensial mengandung pengertian bahwa sektor tersebut relatif lambat pertumbuhannya, oleh karena itu masih diperlukan dorongan dari pemerintah agar`dapat menjadi sektor unggulan. Dorongan tersebut dapat berupa kebijakan dari pemerintah dan penguatan penguasaan teknologi tepat guna.Title: Performance of Fisheries and Tourism Sub Sectors in Economic Structure of Small Islands AreaThe purpose of this study was to analyze how the performance of fisheries and marine tourism sub sectors in the area characterised by small islands as in the Seribu Islands. The particular performances were included whether the marine tourism and fisheries sub sectors into leading sectors / backward/ potential / developing, whether the two sub-sectors into sub-sectors prospective and sub-sectors comparative advantages. The research was conducted in 2011 in the Seribu Islands. A shift classic  analysis method was used in this study. Results of the region share growth component analysis showed that only the fisheries sub-sector has a comparative advantage, which means the only sub-sector to compete. In the marine tourism subsector, mining and quarrying, industry, transport and communications, and construction in the Seribu Island do not have a comparative advantage, because there are many imported components inputs from that particular sectors. From the growth profile analysis results indicate that only the fisheries sub-sector was in the first quadrant, indicating that this sector was considered a superior sector in the region. Meanwhile, marine tourism sub sector was in the third quadrant, indicating that this sector was considered a potential sector to be developed in this region. In terms of growth the potential sectors indicated a relatively low growth in the region; therefore, government should push this particular sector to be a superior sector. Value added of superior sector should be improved through strengthening the locally appropriated technology.

scholarly journals Data on oxygen consumption rate, respiratory exchange ratio, and movement in C57BL/6J female mice on the third day of consuming a high-fat diet

Data in Brief ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Marvyn ◽  
Ryan M. Bradley ◽  
Emily B. Mardian ◽  
Kristin A. Marks ◽  
Robin E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Third

Pozytywna i negatywna ekskluzja ekologiczna – próba zestawienia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Marcin Pełka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
The Third

In the first point of the article I define the terminology of the issue, primarily I define how I will use the term of exclusion. In the second point I describe the negative significance of social exclusion for ecological reasons which is due to the progressive destruction of the natural resources of our planet. The third point is devoted to commonly positive understanding of the ecological exclusion which is reflected in bioregionalists postulate to draw an area of a pristine and an untouched nature. The last point, the fourth one, concerns counteraction against negatively understood of the exclusion from the ecological perspective. I focus here mainly on postulates created in the field of humanity studies involved in ecology and the idea of sustainable development.

Defective thermoregulatory thermogenesis does not cause onset of obesity in Zucker rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. E11-E18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaul ◽  
G. Heldmaier ◽  
I. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
The Third ◽  
Genetic Lesion ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature

To test whether or not the onset of obesity in fatty (fa/fa) Zucker rats is caused by decreased thermoregulatory thermogenesis, pups were artificially reared above their lower critical temperature from 3 or 4 days of age. Littermates were continuously fed identical amounts of synthetic rat milk while body temperature (Tc) and oxygen consumption rate (VO2) were continuously recorded. When the daily mean Tc of all pups was held greater than 37 degrees C, neither Tc nor VO2 differed between fa/fa and genetically lean (Fa/-) pups during the first 2 wk of life. Tc and VO2 were significantly elevated in Fa/- pups during the third postnatal week. At both 16 and 21 days of age, fa/fa pups were identified by their low Tc during a brief cold exposure. Body fat and fat-free dry mass of fa/fa and Fa/- littermates differed at 21 but not at 16 days of age. The excess energy deposited as fat was partly derived from decreased nonthermoregulatory energy expenditure and decreased synthesis of lean body mass. Calculations support the speculation that a greater extraction of energy from the synthetic diet additionally supports the excess fat deposition. Decreased thermoregulatory thermogenesis and excess fat storage appear to be secondary and independent consequences of the primary genetic lesion.

Applicability of Criteria for V̇O2max in Active Adolescents

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita M. Rivera-Brown ◽  
Miguel A. Rivera ◽  
Walter R. Frontera
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maximal Performance ◽  
Bruce Protocol ◽  
Volitional Fatigue ◽  
Objective Indicators

This study examined the applicability of criteria for maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) in adolescents. Active females (n=38) and males (n=196) who were students at a sports-technical junior high school performed a treadmill Bruce protocol to volitional fatigue. The criteria for V̇O2max were R ≥1.0, HR ≥95% of predicted maximal for age, and an increase in V̇O2 ≤2.1 ml·kg−1·min−1 with an increase in workload. The first criterion was met by 97% of the females and 93% of the males, while 81% of the females and 75% of the males met the second criterion. Only 8% of the females and 13% of the males met the third criterion. Those who achieved a plateau showed higher HR at peak exercise compared to those who did not (204 ±7.0 vs. 200.6 ±7.2, P≤0.05). Our data indicate that a high proportion of adolescents exhibit subjective and objective indicators of maximal performance without showing a plateau in V̇O2. Age-specific criteria for V̇O2max should be developed.

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