The sermon literature of pope Clement VI

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Diana Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Teaching Skill ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University ◽  
Walter Burley

Maximus sermocinator verbi Dei is the description of pope Clement VI, formerly Pierre Roger, given by a fourteenth-century French chronicler. Others of the pope’s compatriots were equally fulsome in their adulation. An Italian chronicler, perhaps an ex-student at the university of Paris, where Pierre Roger had been a master in theology, records:. . . gratissimus fuit sermocinator. Quum cathedram concionaturus aut disputaturus ascendebat, tota Parisiorum Civitas, ut eum audiret, accurrebat. Proh quam eleganter sermocinabatur!In Prague, Clement’s ex-pupil, the emperor Charles IV, remembered the grace with which he had been infused through listening to one of his master’s sermons over twenty years before. Even the English joined this chorus of praise. Thomas Walsingham paid tribute to Clement as a man of singular culture, while Walter Burley lauded his teaching skill, his oratory, and his legendary memory. By the early fifteenth century Clement’s sermons were regarded as models. Several of them appear, abbreviated and anonymous, as part of a treatise on preaching by Paul Koëlner, canon of Ratisbon, written some time before 1420.

A Fourteenth-Century Scholastic Dispute on Astrological Interrogations

Vivarium ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-285
Author(s):  
C. Philipp E. Nothaft
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The University

Abstract This article examines and edits an anonymous text from the late 1330s (Quesitum fuit utrum per interrogationes …), which was written to refute the arguments presented in a lost quaestio disputata by an unknown Parisian philosopher. At the heart of this scholastic dispute was the question whether the astrological branch known as interrogations was an effective and legitimate means of predicting the future. The philosopher’s negative answers to this question as well as the rebuttals preserved in our anonymous text offer valuable new insights into the debate over astrology that raged at the University of Paris during the fourteenth century. Besides arguing at length for the internal coherence and philosophical soundness of interrogations, the text contains a bold defence against the Augustinian view that astrologers consort with demons. This defence was later rebutted as part of an anti-astrological polemic by the astronomer Heinrich Selder, who is known to have studied in Paris during the 1370s.

Metaphor and mental language in late-medieval nominalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 136-166
Author(s):  
Magali Roques
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Mental Language ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University

Abstract In this paper, I intend to examine the conception of metaphor developed by fourteenth-century nominalist philosophers, in particular William of Ockham and John Buridan, but also the Ockhamist philosophers who were condemned by the 1340 statute of the faculty of arts of the University of Paris. According to these philosophers, metaphor is a transfer of meaning from one word to another. This transfer is based on some similarity, and is intentionally produced by a speaker. My aim is to study whether this view on metaphor is related to a specific view on the relation between thought, language, and communication. With this case study, I intend to argue that the view on the nature of thought one holds does not necessarily determine what the nature and function of metaphor are. I will show that the three philosophical doctrines under study diverge in their understanding of the mechanisms of a metaphor, while they share the same view on the nature of thought, namely that thought is a mental language.

A note on two manuscripts of Sophocles

1977 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 168-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Library ◽  
The University

In my review of R. D. Dawe's Studies in the text of Sophocles (JHS xcvi [1976] 171 ff.), I reached the conclusion that scholars now possess all the information about manuscripts that is needed in order to constitute the text of the Ajax, Electra and Oedipus Tyrannus, subject to two provisos.The first of these concerns the Jena manuscript (Bos. q. 7), a copy written late in the fifteenth century and containing only the first two plays. Reports of interesting readings found in it were given by Purgold in 1802, and since collations were not always undertaken very carefully at that date it seemed worth while to examine the book again to see whether the reports were correct. Thanks to the good offices of the University Library in Jena I was able to collate a microfilm, and am now in a position to state that Purgold did his work well. The interesting readings cited by subsequent editors are correctly reported, and so far as I can see there are no others of striking merit.The other manuscript which seemed to deserve further investigation is in Milan (Ambrosianus E 103 sup.). It is usually assigned to the fourteenth century, and if this date were certain it would not deserve any special attention. In my opinion the script is of a type that must almost certainly be placed before the year 1300, probably c 1275, and in that case the book might be of some interest, since it could be early enough to escape the reproach of offering a text affected by Palaeologan scholars. I have now collated the text from a microfilm kindly supplied by the Ambrosian Library. A very small number of valuable readings came to light.

scholarly journals The Fifteenth-Century Councils: Francisco de Vitoria, Melchor Cano, and Bartolomé Carranza

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-166
Author(s):  
Thomas Izbicki
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
School Of Salamanca ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

The Dominican theologian Francisco de Vitoria, founder of the School of Salamanca, was cautiously positive about general councils as useful to the church. However, he was not supportive of the strong conciliarism of the University of Paris. Vitoria’s successor at Salamanca, Melchor Cano, was much more a papalist, an opinion partially shared by Bartolomé Carranza, who attended the opening sessions of the Council of Trent (1545–63) and became archbishop of Toledo. Both Cano and Carranza rejected any claim to conciliar power over a reigning pope, although Carranza wrote more favourably about councils than did Cano. Their criticisms of the fifteenth-century councils of Constance (1414–18) and Basel (1431–49) foreshadowed the categorization of councils by Robert Bellarmine based on loyalty to the papacy. All of these theologians shared the belief that the ideal council was that of Ferrara–Florence (1438–45), which was summoned and directed by a pope.

scholarly journals Byzantine Fourteenth-Century Glazed Vessels Featuring Monograms Excavated in Cherson and the Castle of Cembalo

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 225-253
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Ginkut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Holy Water ◽  
The University ◽  
Archaeometric Study ◽  
Made In

This paper addresses the Byzantine vessels featuring monograms excavated in Cherson and in Cembalo, and their interpretation and significance for the life of the Greek population of the south-western Crimea. So far, archaeological researches discovered 15 vessels made in Byzantium, which showed monograms of the life of saints (“George,” “Michael,” and “Prodromos”), the family name “Palaiologos,” and also code letters “A” (“relic”) and “K.” These vessels were containers for holy water, and in a few cases, plausibly, for myrrh. These vessels were delivered to Cherson and Cembalo as gifts or eulogiai from Constantinople (?), as a part of ideological propaganda. The comparative archaeometric study of the three samples from Cembalo castle in a lab of the University of Lyon revealed one vessel’s similarity with the products of a fourteenth-century pottery workshop discovered in the vicinity of Istanbul. Although two samples more belong to a group different from the said workshop’s products, they still show similar technological parameters. The chronology of the vessels in question lays within the 1320s–1350s in Cherson and from the second half of the fourteenth to the early fifteenth century in Cembalo.

Albert of Saxony (c.1316–90)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Biard
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University ◽  
Epistemological Realism

Albert of Saxony, active in the middle and late fourteenth century, taught at the University of Paris and was later instrumental in founding the University of Vienna. He is best known for his works on logic and natural philosophy. In the latter field he was influenced by John Buridan, but he was also influenced by the English logicians. His thought is rather typical of the sort that followed Buridan, combining critical analysis of language with epistemological realism. He was important in the diffusion of terminist logic in central Europe, and of the new physics in northern Italy.

Demographic Representation and the Fifteenth Century Crisis of the University of Paris

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Hundred Years War ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Demographic Representation ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This chapter examines the fifteenth-century crisis of the University of Paris. The decade between 1436 and 1446, immediately following the reclamation of the French capital in the final phase of the Hundred Years War, was a period of crisis at the University of Paris. One of the most important aspects of this crisis was a series of political setbacks suffered by the university. While political setbacks were among the most obvious aspects of the University's crisis, there is also readily available evidence suggesting a decline in demographic representation at the university during this period. In the 1420s and 1430s, a significant number of individuals requested permission to break oaths binding them to complete their studies at Paris. Parisian scholars also frequently invoked the demographic challenges faced by the university and the capital as a whole in the effort to defend their university privileges.

Logic and Mathematics

2020 ◽  
pp. 455-471
Author(s):  
Edith Dudley Sylla
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Technical Measure ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
Consolation Of Philosophy ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The University ◽  
John Wyclif

Chaucer is known as a philosophical poet. He translated Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy from Latin to English. Do his works reveal familiarity with what went on in philosophy at Oxford and Cambridge universities in the fourteenth century? The chapter summarizes typical features of the work of the so-called ‘Oxford Calculators’ (also known as the ‘Merton School’) and contemporary philosophers at the University of Paris (who, together, may be called the fourteenth-century ‘moderni’) and contrasts these features with the work of John Wyclif, which became influential later in the fourteenth century. Among the features considered are disputations on sophismata, use of the logica moderna and technical measure languages, demonstrative reasoning, and optimism about the capabilities of scientific disciplines. Resonating more with Wycliffites are negative images of clerics.

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