Three-dimensional microscopy and computer graphic representations of internal membrane system components of neurons

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Mark H. Ellisman ◽  
Bridget Carragher ◽  
MaryAnn Martone
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Internal Membrane ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Graphic Representations ◽  
Dimensional Distribution

There are several types of intracellular membrane systems now known to be present in neurons. Much can be learned about the macromolecular composition and three dimensional distribution of many of these systems using the laser-scanning confocal microscope. However, detailed study of the morphology of these structures requires electron microscopy since most of the components of these intracellular systems are beyond the resolving power of the light microscope. Progress in selected research projects will be presented to provide examples for how new structural techniques are being used to study the internal membrane systems of neurons. Examples of membrane systems of neuronal cell bodies, and dendritic processes will be considered.

Effect of tree species mixing on stand structural complexity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Juchheim ◽  
Martin Ehbrecht ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Dominik Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The proportion of mixed-species forests is presently increasing since they are commonly seen as providing a higher level of many ecosystem goods and services than monospecific stands. This may be due to a more complex three-dimensional distribution pattern of plant elements, which has often been noted, but to date rarely been quantified. In the present study, we used terrestrial laser scanning data to analyze the relationship between tree species mixing and stand structural complexity in three regions of Germany. We examined 60 forest plots representing commercially important and typical species combinations for Central Europe. The results showed an increasing but saturating relationship between stand structural complexity and tree species diversity. Moreover, we found that as the proportion of broadleaved trees increased, the stand structural complexity of coniferous stands also increased. Our study provides evidence that the conversion of monospecific conifer stands into mixed forests with broadleaved tree species as well as mixing tree species with interspecific differences in physiological and morphological traits can promote the development of structurally more complex stand structures.

Granal plastids in the cotyledons of the dry embryo of Kochia childsii

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2049-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Marin ◽  
R. E. Dengler
Keyword(s):  
Membrane System ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Internal Membrane

The green cotyledons of the dry embryo of Kochia childsii contain chlorophyll and granal chloroplasts. Epidermal chloroplasts differ from other chloroplasts of the cotyledons in having large electron-dense inclusions and a less well defined internal membrane system. Although chloroplast dimorphism is established during germination, the internal membrane systems of mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts are similar ultrastructurally in the dry cotyledon.

scholarly journals Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area: An Autopsy Case of Disorganized Type of Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Keiko Ikemoto ◽  
Tatsuro Oda ◽  
Akiyoshi Nishimura ◽  
Katsuji Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Autopsy Case ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system has been associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Here, we examined DA-containing neuronal structures of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of an autopsy case of disorganized type of schizophrenia (75-year-old female), using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. A free floating method using 50-μm cryostat sections and three-dimensional imaging analyzer AxioVision were applied to observe the wide range structures of TH-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons. TH-ir neuronal cell bodies in the VTA of the present case had irregular shape and various size, and TH-ir neuronal processes had irregular thickness and straightened shape or curved shape having many corners, when compared to a control autopsy case with no detectable neurological and psychiatric diseases (64-year-old male). The mechanisms underlying the morphological characteristics of DA neurons of the brains with schizophrenia should be elucidated epigenetically as well as genetically.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Imaging of Kidney Vascular Corrosion Casts with Nano-CT

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Wagner ◽  
Denis Van Loo ◽  
Fred Hossler ◽  
Kirk Czymmek ◽  
Elin Pauwels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Corrosion Casts ◽  
Peritubular Capillaries

AbstractA vascular corrosion cast of an entire mouse kidney was scanned with a modular multiresolution X-ray nanotomography system. Using an isotropic voxel pitch of 0.5 μm, capillary systems such as the vasa recta, peritubular capillaries and glomeruli were clearly resolved. This represents a considerable improvement over corrosion casts scanned with microcomputed tomography systems. The resolving power of this system was clearly demonstrated by the unique observation of a dense, subcapsular mat of capillaries enveloping the entire outer surface of the cortical region. Resolution of glomerular capillaries was comparable to similar models derived from laser scanning confocal microscopy. The high-resolution, large field of view and the three-dimensional nature of the resulting data opens new possibilities for the use of corrosion casting in research.

The Red Neuronal Pigment in the Nervous System of the Mussel, Mytilus Edulis: Localization and Its Effect on Lateral Ciliary Activity with Spectral and Analytical Changes

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cryostat Sections

The purpose of this study was to localize the red neuronal pigment in Mytilus edulis and examine its role in the control of lateral ciliary activity in the gill. The visceral ganglia (Vg) in the central nervous system show an over al red pigmentation. Most red pigments examined in squash preps and cryostat sec tions were localized in the neuronal cell bodies and proximal axon regions. Unstained cryostat sections showed highly localized patches of this pigment scattered throughout the cells in the form of dense granular masses about 5-7 um in diameter, with the individual granules ranging from 0.6-1.3 um in diame ter. Tissue stained with Gomori's method for Fe showed bright blue granular masses of about the same size and structure as previously seen in unstained cryostat sections.Thick section microanalysis (Fig.l) confirmed both the localization and presence of Fe in the nerve cell. These nerve cells of the Vg share with other pigmented photosensitive cells the common cytostructural feature of localization of absorbing molecules in intracellular organelles where they are tightly ordered in fine substructures.

Applications of Scanning Microscopy in Biomedical Research

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.

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