Type C Virus Associated With a Gibbon APE Lymphocytic Leukemia

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
M. J. Walling ◽  
T. Aoki ◽  
R. E. Gallagher ◽  
R. C. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Type C

The occurrence in a gibbon ape of a lymphosarcoma and a myelogenous leukemia accompanied by the presence of a type C virus was reported by Kawakami et al. in 1972 (1). The present study was undertaken on another gibbon ape which spontaneously developed lymphosarcoma with lymphocytic leukemia. Fresh tissue was obtained by autopsy from the animal, a 7½ year old (young adult) male. A plasma sample was also taken prior to death. The whole tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (buffered), postfixed in 0s04(l%) and embedded in Epon. Staining was carried out with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The plasma was pelleted by ultracentrifugation and processed for negative stain using phosphotungstic acid. Thick sections of the Epon embedded material were taken to determine the exact area studied.

Ultrastructure and Staining of Developing Elastic Tissue

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
E. N. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
New Born

Silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (Ag-TPPS) was synthesized in this laboratory and used as an electron dense stain for elastic tissue (Fig 1). The procedures for the synthesis of tetraphenylporphine sulfonate and the staining method for mature elastic tissue have been described previously.The fine structure of developing elastic tissue was observed in fetal and new born rat aorta using tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, phosphotungstic acid, uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The newly forming elastica consisted of two morphologically distinct components. These were a central amorphous and a peripheral fibrous. The ratio of the central amorphous and the peripheral fibrillar portion changed in favor of the former with increasing age.It was also observed that the staining properties of the two components were entirely different. The peripheral fibrous component stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate while the central amorphous portion demonstrated no affinity for these stains. On the other hand, the central amorphous portion of developing elastic fibers stained vigorously with silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, while the fibrillar part did not (compare figs 2, 3, 4). Based upon the above observations it is proposed that developing elastica consists of two components that are morphologically and chemically different.

Fine Structure of Interdental Cells in the Mouse Cochlea

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Roberta M. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Tectorial Membrane ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Collagenous Fibers

An unusual structure in the cochlea is the spiral limbus; this periosteal tissue consists of stellate fibroblasts and collagenous fibers embedded in a translucent ground substance. The collagenous fibers are arranged in vertical columns (the auditory teeth of Haschke). Between the auditory teeth are interdental furrows in which the interdental cells are situated. These epithelial cells supposedly secrete the tectorial membrane.The fine structure of interdental cells in the rat was reported by Iurato (1962). Since the mouse appears to be different, a description of the fine structure of mouse interdental cells' is presented. Young adult C57BL/6J mice were perfused intervascularly with 1% paraformaldehyde/ 1.25% glutaraldehyde in .1M phosphate buffer (pH7.2-7.4). Intact cochlea were decalcified in .1M EDTA by the method of Baird (1967), postosmicated, dehydrated, and embedded in Araldite. Thin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were examined in a Phillips EM-200 electron microscope.

Identification of the pulmonary syndrome hantavirus by direct and colloidal gold immune Electron Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
C. D. Humphrey ◽  
C.S. Goldsmith ◽  
L. Elliott ◽  
S.R. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
United States ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Negative Stain

An outbreak of unexplained acute pulmonary syndrome with high fatality was recognized in the spring of 1993 in the southwestern United States. The cause of the illness was quickly identified serologically and genetically as a hantavirus and the disease was named hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Recently, the virus was isolated from deer mice which had been trapped near the homes of HPS patients, and cultivated in Vero E6 cells. We identified the cultivated virus by negative-stain direct and colloidal gold immune electron microscopy (EM).Virus was extracted, clarified, and concentrated from unfixed and 0.25% glutaraldehyde fixed supernatant fluids of infected Vero E6 cells by a procedure described previously. Concentrated virus suspensions tested by direct EM were applied to glow-discharge treated formvar-carbon filmed grids, blotted, and stained with 0.5% uranyl acetate (UA) or with 2% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) pH 6.5. Virus suspensions for immune colloidal gold identification were adsorbed similarly to filmed grids but incubated for 1 hr on drops of 1:50 diluted monoclonal antibody to Prospect Hill virus nucleoprotein or with 1:50 diluted sera from HPS virus infected deer mice.

Electron Microscopy of Wound Healing in Patients with Hernia

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun ◽  
H.J. White ◽  
R.C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Rectus Sheath ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Native Collagen

Previously we have reported the defect of collagen fibrils from herniated rectus sheath. This presentation includes additional sections from postsurgical incisions (10 days) from both control and hernia patients. Small pieces of rectus sheath were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and post fixed with buffered 2% osmium tetroxide. The tissues were then dehydrated in serially increasing concentrations of alcohol and embedded in Epon 812. Sections were stained with 2.5% phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate and lead citrate.Previously we found that collagen fibrils from "non-herniated" rectus sheath have uniform diameters and 640 Å periodicity with seven or more intraperiodic bands resembling typical native collagen fibrils, while the fibrils from fascia obtained from patients with direct herniation show considerable variation in diameter. These variations are often found in the same individual fibers with a range from 300 Å to 3000 Å.

Observations on the Collagen and Proteinpolysaccharide Complex of Rabbit Corneal Stroma

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-436
Author(s):  
J. W. SMITH ◽  
J. FRAME
Keyword(s):  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Bismuth Nitrate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Beaded Filaments ◽  
Corneal Collagen

The form and interrelationship of the collagen fibrils and proteinpolysaccharide complex of rabbit corneal stroma were studied by electron microscopy. The intact tissue was examined as Araldite sections stained with alkaline lead citrate and uranyl acetate, and the mechanically disintegrated cornea after positive or negative staining with phosphotungstic acid or after treatment with 0.5% bismuth nitrate in 0.1 M nitric acid. The corneal collagen fibrils vary in cross-sectional area from 4.6 to 9.6 x 104 sq. Å and do not exhibit a regular hexagonal distribution. Like tendon fibrils they consist of longitudinal filaments, but their appearance suggests that they lack some of the interfilament cross-links present in tendon. In sections of intact cornea and in negatively stained disintegrated cornea, filaments which are considered to be the protein cores of proteinpolysaccharide macromolecules are evident. They are about 40 Å wide and 2000 Å long. They appear to run an angular course, orthogonal to the collagen fibrils, and to be tangentially attached to several fibrils in the region of the a band. After treatment with bismuth nitrate disintegrated cornea contains coarsely beaded filaments. The filaments are about 2000 Å long and the beads about 70 Å in diameter. It is considered that these are again proteinpolysaccharide macromolecules and that each bead represents one or more polysaccharide chains in coiled configuration.

The electron microscopic immunohistochemistry of elastase-treated aorta and nuchal ligament of fetal and postnatal sheep.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Fukuda ◽  
V J Ferrans
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
Nuchal Ligament

In conjunction with the immunoperoxidase and the immunoferritin methods, antielastin antibody was used to study the localization of elastin in untreated and elastase-treated elastic fibers of the nuchal ligament and the aorta of fetal and young adult sheep. In tissues not treated with elastase, the staining reaction for antielastin antibody was localized in the outer zones of the amorphous components and along the surfaces of the microfibrils ; the central zones of the amorphous components were unreactive. After mild elastase treatment, incompletely digested amorphous components showed staining both in their central and outer zones, and some of the microfibrils became unreactive. After extensive elastase treatment, small scattered amorphous components were still found in association with bundles of microfibrils. These components were stained diffusely by the antielastin antibody method but were not detectable by staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate or with Kajikawa 's method for elastin; elastin was not detected on the surfaces of the microfibrils by any of the methods used. These findings were interpreted as indicating that the surfaces of the microfibrils are associated with small amounts of elastin, and that evenly stained amorphous components are composed of elastin, which is loosely arranged and allows the penetration of antielastin antibody. These observations support the concept that microfibrils serve an important role as a scaffold for elastin deposition in elastogenesis. Because of their high sensitivity, immunohistochemical methods for detecting elastin are useful to study partially degraded elastic fibers.

Observation of microtubule-like structures and crystalline array in Azotobacter vinelandii

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1040-1041
Author(s):  
M. S. Dobbins ◽  
M. D. Socolofsky
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Molecule Transport ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Crystalline Array

Many studies have been conducted on microtubules in eukaryotes, including protozoans, but few have dealt with similar structures in bacteria. Microtubule-1ike structures (MT) have been observed in Proteus mirabilis, Azotobacter vinelandii, and some bacterial L-forms . The function of these MT in prokaryotes is as yet undetermined. Microtubules in eukaryotes are involved in cytoskeleton support, cel1 motility, molecule transport, and the separation of chromosomes during mitosis . It has been suggested that A. vinelandii possesses forty chromosomes per cell , so this investigation speculates on the possibility these MT are involved in some form of chromosomal separation. While observing these structures a crystal lattice was noticed which has not been observed in the aforementioned prokaryotes.Cells were fixed for 10-20 min in 2% glutaraldehyde/0.1M sodium cacodylate (pH 7.2), washed with buffer, post-fixed with 1% OsO4, and stained with uranyl acetate. Samples were thin-sectioned, collected on carbon-coated parlodion- reinforced grids, and post-stained with lead citrate. Other preparations involved whole or lysed cells negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. All specimens exhibiting MT or the crystalline array were photographed in stereo pair.

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Membranous alterations in the cytoplasm and nucleus in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the brain

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 628-629
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
C. Araoz ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Brain

The ultrastructure of a cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor has been reported previously. In the present case, we will present some unusual previously unreported membranous structures and alterations in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the tumor cells.Specimens were cut into small pieces about 1 mm3 and immediately fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer for two hours, then post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide for one hour. After dehydration, tissues were embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.In the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, we found paired cisternae (Fig. 1) and annulate lamellae (Fig. 2) noting that the annulate lamellae were sometimes associated with the outer nuclear envelope (Fig. 3). These membranous structures have been reported in other tumor cells. In our case, mitochondrial to nuclear envelope fusions were often noted (Fig. 4). Although this phenomenon was reported in an oncocytoma, their frequency in the present study is quite striking.

Unusual Intranuclear Structures in Chick Sympathetic Neurons

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
E. B. Masurovsky ◽  
H. H. Benitez ◽  
M. R. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
Mammalian Cns

Recent light- and electron microscope studies concerned with the effects of D2O on the development of chick sympathetic ganglia in long-term, organized culture revealed the presence of rod-like fibrillar formations, and associated granulofibrillar bodies, in the nuclei of control and deuterated neurons. Similar fibrillar formations have been reported in the nuclei of certain mammalian CNS neurons; however, related granulofibrillar bodies have not been previously described. Both kinds of intranuclear structures are observed in cultures fixed either in veronal acetate-buffered 2%OsO4 (pH 7. 4), or in 3.5% glutaraldehyde followed by post-osmication. Thin sections from such Epon-embedded cultures were stained with ethanolic uranyl acetate and basic lead citrate for viewing in the electron microscope.

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