A Jeolco 200A Cartridge with Specimen Heating, Tilting, and Power Provisions

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson ◽  
J. K. Howard ◽  
P. Fullam
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thin Metal Film ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Gradient Effects

The transmission electron microscopic study of thin metal film interconnections on electronic integrated circuits requires a sophisticated in-situ capability. Electromigration, particularly, cannot be investigated solely by viewing static heat-treated or electrically stressed specimens ex-situ. The key to the early electromigration studies by Blech, and others, was the in-situ observation of material movement in anelectrical-powering-stage equipped TEM. Blech's approach was insensitive to structure effects because of an absence of heating capability; he therefore relied on joule heating and temperature gradient effects.

In-Situ Observation Of Aln Formation During Nitridation Of Sapphire By Ultrahigh Vacuum Transmission Electron Microscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yeadon ◽  
M. T. Marshall ◽  
F. Hamdani ◽  
S. Pekin ◽  
H. Morkoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Island Growth ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractUsing a novel ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope (UHV TEM) with insitu molecular beam epitaxy capability we have studied the nitridation of (0001) sapphire upon exposure to ammonia. Atomically flat sapphire surfaces for the experiments were obtained by high temperature annealing. Subsequent exposure to ammonia flow at 950°C led to the successful synthesis of epitaxial AIN; the films were characterized in-situ using TEM. Complimentary ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was also performed in order to characterize the surface morphology before and after nitridation.The experiments indicate that AIN grows by a 3D island growth mechanism. Electron diffraction patterns suggest an abrupt AIN/sapphire interface with no evidence of the formation of Al–O–N compounds. The rate limiting step in the nitridation reaction appears to be the diffusion of nitrogen and oxygen species between the free surface of the growing AIN film and the reaction interface. It is inferred from kinetic measurements that diffusion of these species occurs along the boundaries between coalescing AIN islands.

In Situ TEM Heating Study of the γ Lamellae Formation inside the α2 Matrix of a Ti-45Al-7.5Nb Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 1365-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Mei Cha ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Gerhard Dehm ◽  
Zao Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
In Situ Heating

In-situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to investigate the initial stage of lamellae formation in a high Nb containing γ-TiAl based alloy. A Ti-45Al-7.5Nb alloy (at %), which was heat treated and quenched in a non-equilibrium state such that the matrix consists of ordered a2 grains, was annealed inside a TEM up to 750 °C. The in-situ TEM study reveals that g laths precipitate in the a2 matrix at ~ 750 °C possessing the classical Blackburn orientation relationship, i.e. (0001)a2 // (111)g and [11-20]a2 // <110]g. The microstructure of the in-situ TEM experiment is compared to results from ex-situ heating and subsequent TEM studies.

Heterogeneity of the composition and thickness of tracheal mucus in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (5) ◽  
pp. L1036-L1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Sims ◽  
Margaret M. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Muscle Region ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tracheal Mucus ◽  
Trachealis Muscle

Inability to preserve airway mucus in situ has limited our understanding of its structure and function. This light- and transmission electron-microscopic study of rat tracheal mucus used a nonaqueous fixative that retains mucus (epiphase) over a lucent layer (hypophase). The fixative is a 1% solution of osmium tetroxide dissolved in a perfluorocarbon. The mean thickness of rat tracheal epiphase was 5 μm, with significant variation (0.1–50 μm) around the tracheal circumference. Tracheal mucus was thickest at the trachealis muscle region and contained cells, cellular debris, and a variable amount of surfactant and lipid, estimated at 4–16% of the total epiphase in five rats, with a mean composition of 9%. Lipid was observed on the surface of the epiphase, embedded within mucus, and at the epiphase-hypophase interface. Refined study of developmental, physiological, and pathological alterations to the airway coat may benefit from this approach.

scholarly journals In Situ Observation of Liquid Solder Alloys and Solid Substrate Reactions Using High-Voltage Transmission Electron Microscopy

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Xin F. Tan ◽  
Flora Somidin ◽  
Stuart D. McDonald ◽  
Michael J. Bermingham ◽  
Hiroshi Maeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Liquid Solder ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Voltage Transmission

The complex reaction between liquid solder alloys and solid substrates has been studied ex-situ in a few studies, utilizing creative setups to “freeze” the reactions at different stages during the reflow soldering process. However, full understanding of the dynamics of the process is difficult due to the lack of direct observation at micro- and nano-meter resolutions. In this study, high voltage transmission electron microscopy (HV-TEM) is employed to observe the morphological changes that occur in Cu6Sn5 between a Sn-3.0 wt%Ag-0.5 wt%Cu (SAC305) solder alloy and a Cu substrate in situ at temperatures above the solidus of the alloy. This enables the continuous surveillance of rapid grain boundary movements of Cu6Sn5 during soldering and increases the fundamental understanding of reaction mechanisms in solder solid/liquid interfaces.

In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Radiation Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1654-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Birtcher ◽  
M.A. Kirk ◽  
K. Furuya ◽  
G.R. Lumpkin ◽  
M-O. Ruault
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Ion Impact

In situ observation is of great value in the study of radiation damage utilizing electron or ion irradiation. We summarize the facilities and give examples of work found around the world. In situ observations of irradiation behavior have fallen into two broad classes. One class consists of long-term irradiation, with observations of microstructural evolution as a function of the radiation dose in which the advantage of in situ observation has been the maintenance of specimen position, orientation, and temperature. A second class has involved the recording of individual damage events in situations in which subsequent evolution would render the correct interpretation of ex situ observations impossible. In this review, examples of the first class of observation include ion-beam amorphization, damage accumulation, plastic flow, implant precipitation, precipitate evolution under irradiation, and damage recovery by thermal annealing. Examples of the second class of observation include single isolated ion impacts that produce defects in the form of dislocation loops, amorphous zones, or surface craters, and single ion impact-sputtering events. Experiments in both classes of observations attempt to reveal the kinetics underlying damage production, accumulation, and evolution.

The blister of porphyria cutanea tarda: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Veronika Burmeister ◽  
R. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a disorder of porphyrin metabolism which occurs most often during middle age. The disease is characterized by excessive production of uroporphyrin which causes photosensitivity and skin eruptions on hands and arms, due to minor trauma and exposure to sunlight. The pathology of the blister is well known, being subepidermal with epidermodermal separation, it is not always absolutely clear, whether the basal lamina is attached to the epidermis or the dermis. The purpose of our investigation was to study the attachment of the basement membrane in the blister by comparing scanning with transmission electron microscopy.

In situ observation of the martensitic transformation in (Mg,Y)-PSZ

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
R-R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Applied Stresses ◽  
Kinetics Of

Partially-stabilized ZrO2 (PSZ) ceramics have considerable potential for advanced structural applications because of their high strength and toughness. These properties derive from small tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) precipitates in a cubic (c) ZrO2 matrix, which transform martensitically to monoclinic (m) symmetry under applied stresses. The kinetics of the martensitic transformation is believed to be nucleation controlled and the nucleation is always stress induced. In situ observation of the martensitic transformation using transmission electron microscopy provides considerable information about the nucleation and growth aspects of the transformation.

In situ TEM observations of melting in nanosized eutectic Pb-Cd inclusions embedded in Al

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 986-987
Author(s):  
S. Hagège ◽  
U. Dahmen ◽  
E. Johnson ◽  
A. Johansen ◽  
V.S. Tuboltsev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
Transmission Electron

Small particles of a low-melting phase embedded in a solid matrix with a higher melting point offer the possibility of studying the mechanisms of melting and solidification directly by in-situ observation in a transmission electron microscope. Previous studies of Pb, Cd and other low-melting inclusions embedded in an Al matrix have shown well-defined orientation relationships, strongly faceted shapes, and an unusual size-dependent superheating before melting.[e.g. 1,2].In the present study we have examined the shapes and thermal behavior of eutectic Pb-Cd inclusions in Al. Pb and Cd form a simple eutectic system with each other, but both elements are insoluble in solid Al. Ternary alloys of Al (Pb,Cd) were prepared from high purity elements by melt spinning or by sequential ion implantation of the two alloying additions to achieve a total alloying addition of up to lat%. TEM observations were made using a heating stage in a 200kV electron microscope equipped with a video system for recording dynamic behavior.

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