SPECTRA: A program for processing electron images of crystals

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
M.F. Schmid ◽  
R. Dargahi ◽  
M. W. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Distortion Correction ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Program Modules

Electron crystallography is an emerging field for structure determination as evidenced by a number of membrane proteins that have been solved to near-atomic resolution. Advances in specimen preparation and in data acquisition with a 400kV microscope by computer controlled spot scanning mean that our ability to record electron image data will outstrip our capacity to analyze it. The computed fourier transform of these images must be processed in order to provide a direct measurement of amplitudes and phases needed for 3-D reconstruction.In anticipation of this processing bottleneck, we have written a program that incorporates a menu-and mouse-driven procedure for auto-indexing and refining the reciprocal lattice parameters in the computed transform from an image of a crystal. It is linked to subsequent steps of image processing by a system of data bases and spawned child processes; data transfer between different program modules no longer requires manual data entry. The progress of the reciprocal lattice refinement is monitored visually and quantitatively. If desired, the processing is carried through the lattice distortion correction (unbending) steps automatically.

High-speed brightfield 3-D imaging and 3-D image analysis of thick and overlapped cell clusters in cytological preparations

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Robert W. Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Array Processor ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Computer Controlled

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.

Information System for Post-marketing Drug Surveillance Scheme on Small Computers

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
Disc Drive

A drug information system (DARIS) has been created for handling reports on suspected drug reactions. The system is suitable for being run on desktop computers with a minimum of hardware requirements: 187 K read/write memory, flexible or hard disc drive and a thermal printer. The data base (DRUG) uses the QUERY and IMAGE programming capabilities for data entry and search. The data base to statistics link program (DBSTAT) enables data transfer from the data base into a file for statistical analysis and signalling suspected adverse drug reactions.The operational, medical and statistical aspects of the general population voluntary adverse drug reaction monitoring programme—recently initiated in the State of Kuwait—are described.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MULTI LAYER SWITCHING FOR DATA TRANSFER SPEEDS ON COMPUTER NETWORK

Compiler ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sudaryanto Sudaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Computer Network ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Network Quality ◽  
Network Switch

      The need for efficient, stable, fast and reliable network access is influenced by network quality, one of the factors influencing network quality is the management of network devices, while the network devices that are enforced are the Lancard, cable, Switch, Router, Wifi Access Point and Compuitary System . In this study researchers will focus on the influence of Multilayer Switch network devices for data transfer speeds on computer networks. Data transfer speed at layer 2 text data, image data,  video data faster 0,85 % than for speed tranfers on layer 3 text data, image data, video data.Keyword: Network, Switch Multilayer, Data Tranfer, Osi Layer

A new image processing software system for structural analysis and contrast enhancement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
Joachim Frank ◽  
Brian Shimkin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Present System ◽  
Software System ◽  
Point Mapping ◽  
Digital Equipment Corp ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Image Processing Software

We report on the development of a new image processing software system SPIDER (System for Processing of Image Data in Electron Microscopy and Related Fields). The need for a user-oriented software system for electron image processing has been previously recognized /1-4/. These systems have in common that they allow users with a minimum amount of computer experience to define complex operations on images.The present system runs under the PDP 11/45 RSX-11D (Digital Equipment Corp.) executive in a multi-user, multi-task environment. Image enhancement of large images (e.g., box convolution and point mapping operations) as well as structural electron microscopy (Fourier operations, 3-d reconstruction) had to be accommodated. Characteristic for the electron microscope application is the need to process series of images closely related to each other (defocus, tilting, and averaging series).In SPIDER, the images are read and transferred by magnetic tape from the microdensitometer to PDP 11 disk files.

Prospecting for gold in a VG STEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
G. L Shoemaker ◽  
W. M. Sherman ◽  
R. H. Duff ◽  
D. R. Rothbard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Iron Pyrite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Annular Dark Field ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Diamond Saw

A calcined pyritic gold ore concentrate was examined using both ion–milled and ultramicrotomed samples to determine the distribution of gold and the porosity of the matrix supporting the gold. Examinations of the same specimen prepared by different techniques yielded complementary information about the overall characteristics of the material.Figure 1 is a secondary electron image (SEI) of a piece of roasted pyritic ore. The particles are highly porous with morphology suggesting that the iron pyrite (FeS2) particles virtually exploded when labile sulfur was released during oxidative calcination. The particles produced by this process are not large enough to permit ordinary solid specimen preparation techniques. Therefore, a compacted bar of material was made by compressing the powder with a binder to form a disk which was subsequently impregnated with epoxy in a PARR bomb under isostatic pressure of a few thousand psi. From this dense material two types of specimen were prepared, one by diamond knife ultramicrotomy and the other by standard thin foil techniques. For the latter, the sample was sliced with a diamond saw, core–drilled into 3mm disks, polished to about 100μm, dimple ground, and Argon ion milled to perforation. This yielded specimens which show the porosity and connectivity of the iron oxide frameworks formed during calcination. Figure 2 is a 10,000X annular dark field (ADF) image of an ion–milled particle taken with a VG HB501 STEM. The channel structures evident in this image are easily related to the SEI image in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a 200,000X ADF image which illustrates the connectivity of individual iron oxide crystallites that form the skeletal structure. This sample was electron transparent only near the central perforation and did not have a large usable area. Also, the outer surfaces ot the particles may have been milled away during specimen preparation and therefore it is not easy to determine where the remaining structures were located in the original particles.

Standard formats for the exchange and storage of image data

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
R.F. Egerton ◽  
D.S. Bright ◽  
S.D. Davilla ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
E.J. Kirkland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
And Storage

In microscopy, there is an increasing need for images to be recorded electronically and stored digitally on disk or tape. This image data can be shared by mailing these magnetic media or by electronic transmission along telephone lines (e.g. modem transfer) or special networks, such as Bitnet and Internet. In each case, the format in which the image is stored or transmitted must be known to the recipient in order to correctly recover all the information. Because there are many image formats to choose from, it would undoubtedly save misunderstanding and frustration if a group of individuals with similar interests and needs could agree upon a common format. The MSA Standards Committee has surveyed several formats which could be of particular interest to microscopists, with a view to making a recommendation to our community.Our chief concern has been compatibility with existing software, combined with an adequate representation of the data, compactness of data storage (on disk) and reasonable rate of data transfer.

AI technology for remote clinical assessment and monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 692-706
Author(s):  
Gianluca Zoppo ◽  
Francesco Marrone ◽  
Monica Pittarello ◽  
Marco Farina ◽  
Alberto Uberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tissue Segmentation ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Wound Classification

Objective: To report the clinical validation of an innovative, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered, portable and non-invasive medical device called Wound Viewer. The AI medical device uses dedicated sensors and AI algorithms to remotely collect objective and precise clinical data, including three-dimensional (3D) wound measurements, tissue composition and wound classification through the internationally recognised Wound Bed Preparation (WBP) protocol; this data can then be shared through a secure General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)- and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant data transfer system. This trial aims to test the reliability and precision of the AI medical device and its ability to aid health professionals in clinically evaluating wounds as efficiently remotely as at the bedside. Method: This non-randomised comparative clinical trial was conducted in the Clinica San Luca (Turin, Italy). Patients were divided into three groups: (i) patients with venous and arterial ulcers in the lower limbs; (ii) patients with diabetes and presenting with diabetic foot syndrome; and (iii) patients with pressure ulcers. Each wound was evaluated for area, depth, volume and WBP wound classification. Each patient was examined once and the results, analysed by the AI medical device, were compared against data obtained following visual evaluation by the physician and research team. The area and depth were compared with a Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variations in the obtained distribution (expected p-value>0.1 for both tests). The WBP classification and tissue segmentation were analysed by directly comparing the classification obtained by the AI medical device against that of the testing physician. Results: A total of 150 patients took part in the trial. The results demonstrated that the AI medical device's AI algorithm could acquire objective clinical parameters in a completely automated manner. The AI medical device reached 97% accuracy against the WBP classification and tissue segmentation analysis compared with that performed in person by the physician. Moreover, data regarding the measurements of the wounds, as analysed through the Kruskal–Wallis technique, showed that the data distribution proved comparable with the other methods of measurement previously clinically validated in the literature (p=0.9). Conclusion: These findings indicate that remote wound assessment undertaken by physicians is as effective through the AI medical device as bedside examination, and that the device was able to assess wounds and provide a precise WBP wound classification. Furthermore, there was no need for manual data entry, thereby reducing the risk of human error while preserving high-quality clinical diagnostic data.

scholarly journals Archiving and retrieval of data from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) mission

1982 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
W. H. Warren ◽  
D. F. Alderman
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Data Entry System ◽  
International Ultraviolet Explorer ◽  
Time Limitations

AbstractThe data base of IUE spectra available for dissemination to the scientific community presently contains approximately 22,000 separate images. Due to storage space and computer processing time limitations, it was decided to store the data on high density (6250 bpi) specially formatted tapes and to retrieve and reconvert them to the originally supplied format upon request. The archival/retrieval system for the data and an automatic data entry system for creation and maintenance of an indexing data base are described. Suggestions are made for the use of standard formats for future image data storage, retrieval and dissemination.

An Arc Image Processing System Design and Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Jiao Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Image Sampling ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Test Result

In this paper, research on a high speed arc image sampling and processing system based on DSP has been done. A RS-422A interface has been used to sample high speed image, A TMS320C40 high speed DSP and high frame rate CCD are used as the sensor. The optical image can be converted into digital image in this image sampling and processing system efficiently, with the high speed DSP and the high speed memories, to improve the data transfer speed and receive the image data correctly, DMA data communication technology is adopted. The test result shows that this system is very effective for arc research.

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