Role of Cognitive Therapy in the Management of Chronic Pain

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Pain Condition ◽  
Operant Reinforcement ◽  
The Impact

Individuals with chronic pain differ markedly in their physical and psychological adjustment to the pain condition. Many factors influence this adjustment process, and the nature and severity of the physical injury or illness and the degree of pain experienced cannot account fully for the impact of chronic pain. A variety of other psycho-social factors are involved, including the individual's attitudes and beliefs about his or her condition, coping skills, operant reinforcement factors, avoidance learning, and psychophysiological variables. Intervention programs that are designed to facilitate positive adjustment to chronic pain need to consider these biological, psychological, and social factors within an integrated framework. Cognitive therapy has a significant role to play in this process, in order to tackle maladaptive cognitive factors that interfere with adjustment. Evidence concerning attitudes and beliefs relevant to the pain condition and their relationship with the use of coping skills and response to pain, is reviewed.

scholarly journals Empathic Accuracy in Chronic Pain: Exploring Patient and Informal Caregiver Differences and Their Personality Correlates

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Suso-Ribera ◽  
Martínez-Borba ◽  
Viciano ◽  
Cano-García ◽  
García-Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pain Patients

Background and objectives: Social factors have demonstrated to affect pain intensity and quality of life of pain patients, such as social support or the attitudes and responses of the main informal caregiver. Similarly, pain has negative consequences on the patient’s social environment. However, it is still rare to include social factors in pain research and treatment. This study compares patient and caregivers’ accuracy, as well as explores personality and health correlates of empathic accuracy in patients and caregivers. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 292 chronic pain patients from the Pain Clinic of the Vall d’Hebron Hospital in Spain (main age = 59.4 years; 66.8% females) and their main informal caregivers (main age = 53.5 years; 51.0% females; 68.5% couples). Results: Patients were relatively inaccurate at estimating the interference of pain on their counterparts (t = 2.16; p = 0.032), while informal caregivers estimated well the patient’s status (all differences p > 0.05). Empathic accuracy on patient and caregiver status did not differ across types of relationship (i.e., couple or other; all differences p > 0.05). Sex differences in estimation only occurred for disagreement in pain severity, with female caregivers showing higher overestimation (t = 2.18; p = 0.030). Patients’ health status and caregivers’ personality were significant correlates of empathic accuracy. Overall, estimation was poorer when patients presented higher physical functioning. Similarly, caregiver had more difficulties in estimating the patient’s pain interference as patient general and mental health increased (r = 0.16, p = 0.008, and r = 0.15, p = 0.009, respectively). Caregiver openness was linked to a more accurate estimation of a patient’s status (r = 0.20, p < 0.001), while caregiver agreeableness was related to a patient’s greater accuracy of their caregivers’ pain interference (r = 0.15, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Patients poorly estimate the impact of their illness compared to caregivers, regardless of their relationship. Some personality characteristics in the caregiver and health outcomes in the patient are associated with empathic inaccuracy, which should guide clinicians when selecting who requires more active training on empathy in pain settings.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Parameters in the Choice of Address Forms used in Kinship domain in Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ana Ramsha ◽  
Samrah Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the role of social parameters in the choice of address forms used in kinship domain in Punjab, Pakistan. The study targeted 140 respondents in order to test the impact of social factors along with the regional differences in the choices of address forms in kinship domain. Statistical analyses are done by applying t-test for gender in relation to choices of address forms and ANOVA for age, income, education and social class. The study finds out that there is a strong connection of different social parameters not only with language use and practice but also in choices and use of address forms especially in kinship relationships.  Moreover, it is highlighted that gender does not influence in the choices of address forms, even the participants belonging to young and middle categories show no significant difference with regard to the choices of address form despite the fact that all the factors and parameters exert influence on the choices of address forms. Hence address forms as being one of the major traits of language and society is affected by all the social factors around and regional differences are also most important as they give identity and ethnicity to the society.

Psychological and social factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Eack
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter on psychological and social factors reviews landmark papers addressing the social and psychological contributors to mental disorders and wellness across a range of psychiatric conditions. These papers provide a foundation for understanding the role of stress and critical social environments in psychoses, the cognitive factors that characterize depressive thinking, the impact of environmental trauma on the development of personality conditions and suicidal behaviour, and important social avenues for protecting against risk and facilitating human resilience. Collectively, this early and landmark literature provides compelling evidence for the social and psychological contributors to the development and maintenance of many psychiatric conditions, and illustrates that garnering a better understanding of such factors has led to numerous advances in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

Income Distribution and Social Change Revisited

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measurement Of Inequality

ABSTRACTEleven years after the publication of Richard Titmuss's essay on Income Distribution and Social Change, the official statisticians are still drawing optimistic conclusions about the tendency of income inequality to decline in Britain. This article re-examines some of the critical questions raised by Titmuss concerning the accuracy and interpretation of the official statistics. It considers the definition of income, the implications of capital gains, fringe benefits and the benefits from owner-occupation, the role of life-cycle factors, and the measurement of inequality. It concludes with an assessment of the impact of Titmuss's study on the quality of statistical information and on attitudes and beliefs.

How Do the Features of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Contribute to Positive Therapeutic Change? A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Cairns ◽  
Craig Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Impact

Background: The exploration of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy through qualitative investigation is a growing area of interest within current literature, providing valuable understanding of the process of change experienced by those engaging in this therapeutic approach. Aims: This meta-synthesis aims to gain a deeper understanding of how the features of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy contribute to positive therapeutic change. Method: Noblit and Hare's (1988) 7-step meta-ethnography method was conducted in order to synthesize the findings of seven qualitative studies. Results: The process of reciprocal translation identified the following five major themes: i) Taking control through understanding, awareness and acceptance; ii) The impact of the group; (iii) Taking skills into everyday life; (iv) Feelings towards the self; (v) The role of expectations. Conclusion: The synthesis of translation identified the higher order concept of “The Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Journey to Change”, which depicts the complex interaction between the five themes in relation to how they contribute to positive therapeutic change. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research, theory and their implications for clinical practice.

scholarly journals CHRONIC PAIN: MEDICO-BIOLOGIC AND SOTSIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Yakhno ◽  
M. L. Kukushkin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Peripheral Neuron ◽  
Genetically Determined

In this article the role of neurobiological, psychological and social factors in pathogenesis of chronic pain is analyzed. The chronic pain is considered not as a symptom of damage of tissue and as independent illness due to non-adequate neuroplasticity of systems involved into regulation of pain sensitivity. The major role in development and maintenance of chronic pain is devoted to the primary genetically determined and/or secondary disturbance of interaction between nociceptive and antinociceptive systems at various levels - from peripheral neuron to central structures – that provides pain perception and painful behaviour development. 

scholarly journals ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON E-WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN INDIA – AN APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (SI-1) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar Dhusia ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Gupta ◽  
Neena Mital ◽  
Renu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The Impact

With the technological advancement and changes in the working and lifestyles of people and industry, the rate of obsolesce of electrical and electronic equipment and gadgets, particularly computers and mobile phones, is high, posing a threat to health and environment creating a threat to sustainability for nations around the globe. Realizing the difficulties of e-waste management, many developed countries have started dumping the e-waste to developing nations that suffer from resources constraints, thus leading to hazardous activities mainly in the informal sector. Therefore, we are motivated to examine whether the awareness of the environment, attitudes, and beliefs, particularly knowledge (constructs), impact practices relating to management of e-waste in India. Analysis of the results of our survey of 180 respondents through SEM model show an insignificant association of these constructs with e-waste management practices. However, we find a significant mediating role of Environmental Knowledge in all these relationships.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND ADJUSTMENT WITH CHRONIC PAIN; WITH STUDY THE MODERATOR ROLE OF RESILIENCY

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
SakinehJulaieha ◽  
MahnazAliakbari Dehkordi ◽  
Farhad Shagaghi ◽  
Afsaneh Lak ◽  
Marziehkakanejadifard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Disability Questionnaire ◽  
Moderator Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated the relationship between attachment style with adjustment   and resiliency in chronic pain patients and probable mediating role of resiliency between attachment and adjustment.  Adult Attachment Inventory; Depression‚ Anxiety‚ Stress Scale (DASS_21) Resiliency Scale (CS_RISC) and Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). Data were analyzed using parson’s correlation and regression. Results revealed that avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles negatively correlated with adjustment (positively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress) and positively with resiliency. Secure attachment wasn’t correlated with none of them. Resiliency didn’t mediate the impact of attachment style on adjustment.  These findings suggest that insecure attachment style is a vulnerability factor for adjustment with chronic pain and predicts lower resiliency in these patients. Briefly present the conclusions and importance of the results. Concisely summarize the study’s implications. Please do not include any citations in the abstract.

scholarly journals The Impact of Specific Social Factors on Changes in Education in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Ana Pešikan ◽  
Ivan Ivić
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Accreditation Body ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
National Council ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Impact

The political and economic changes that followed the adoption of the Strategy for the Development of Education in Serbia 2020 essentially betrayed the basic ideas and intentions of the strategy, creating a systematic threat to education and its role in the development of Serbia. This created an almost experimental situation for analysing the impact of political and social factors on changes in education. In the sphere of politics, new trends have emerged (centralisation of power; marginalisation of democratic institutions; encouraging foreign investment in companies with a low technological level, etc.) that strongly influenced changes (‘reforms’) in education (great centralisation in education, the strong influence of politics on education, imposing of some lower-level forms of education, reducing professional autonomy, etc.). The basic mechanism of transferring the general policy to education is changing the role of the most important national institutions in defining and implementing education policy: the National Education Council, the National Council for Vocational and Adult Education, the National Council for Higher Education, and the National Accreditation Body. The adoption of new education laws (2017) radically changed their status and competencies, resulting in a reduction of their independence and professionalism and strengthening the role of the ministry, through which the influence of the ruling political regime is transferred. Also, the role of the Chamber of Commerce in education has been strengthened. Such a system endangers the autonomy of educational institutions and teachers, as well as the quality of education. Consequently, these changes have a clear impact on the country’s development and its international position.

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