Dodder (Cuscutaspp.) Control with Dinitroaniline Herbicides in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean H. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

For effective full-season control of dodder in alfalfa produced for seed, herbicides applied to soil in late winter or early spring should remain active through June. Pendimethalin or prodiamine at 2.2 kg ai ha-1applied in mid March controlled 97 to 100% of dodder through May and 92 to 100% through June. At 3.4 kg ha-1, both controlled 96 to 100% of dodder through June each year, and control of 95 or 96% persisted through July in 1 of 3 yr. In the greenhouse, trifluralin was only about 1/8 as active against dodder as pendimethalin and prodiamine. In the field, trifluralin at 2.2 kg ai ha-1controlled dodder satisfactorily through May in 3 of 4 yr and through June in 1 of 4 yr. At 4.5 kg ha-1, trifluralin controlled 99% of dodder through May in each of 3 yr; control was satisfactory through June in 2 of 3 yr. Oryzalin was less effective than the other three dinitroaniline herbicides. A standard herbicide, chlorpropham at 6.7 kg ai ha-1, controlled 97 to 100% of dodder through May, but control usually did not persist through June. Another standard herbicide, DCPA at 11.2 kg ai ha-1, controlled 97 or 98% of dodder through June in 2 of 3 yr. Pendimethalin and prodiamine at 3.4 and 6.7 kg ai ha-1did not affect the yield or quality of seed produced by established alfalfa. Heavy sprinkler irrigation (15 cm of water) after application did not diminish dodder control from pendimethalin or prodiamine.

Reproduction in the Macropod Marsupial Potorous tridactylus (Kerr).

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Made In

Thirty-five female Tasmanian rat-kangaroos, Potorous tridmtylus (Kerr), were studied. This marsupial is both polyoestrous and monovular. The length of the oestrous cycle is approximately 42 days (range 39-44 days). Study of vaginal smears over intervals that included 14 oestrous periods revealed that the proportions of cornified cells reached a maximum of over 80% at oestrus, and conversely the other cell types (i.e. nucleated epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes) were at minimal concentrations. In four females copulation was apparently permitted at any time during the period of rapid increase in the proportion of cornified cells. One female repeatedly received a male over a 12-day heat period. Copulations were brief and were observed only between 4.00 p.m. and 1.45 a.m. In two females coitus was found to precede ovulation. The gestation period (defined as the interval between copulation and parturition) varied between 30 and 43 days in four animals. In one instance parturition was witnessed 37.5 days after copulations that were restricted to a 12-hr period. A marked increase in pouch vascularity occurred a few hours prior to parturition. Parturition was witnessed on one occasion and is described. The time taken to reach the pouch was 10 min; attachment was made in a further 12 min. On another occasion a neonatus removed from a teat shortly after parturition took 5 min to locate the teat and a further 15 min to complete reattachment. Permanent attachment of the offspring to a teat occupied 64 days in one instanc; in another it lasted 46 days but as the offspring died 6 days later it may be that the teat was vacated prematurely. The manner in which permanent nipple attachment is achieved is discussed and a description of the development of external features of pouch young is given. Nipples increased in both length and diameter during the first 115 days of suckling, after which regresslon began. The regresslon was correlated wlth the process of weanlng. An indication of three successive lactations was obtained from nipple dimensions. Pregnancy (occupying about 38 days) did not prevent oestrus from appearing at the normal time (i.e. approximately 42 days after the preceding oestrus). Mating occurred at the post-partum oestrus but lactation inhibited further oestrous cycles as well as delaying the development of the resultant uterine embryo. The period of delayed pregnancy can be as long as 4+ months. During most of this period the embryo remained free in the uterus as a dormant blastocyst, diameter 0.25-0.28 mm. Embryonic development was resumed during the weaning period when suckling was intermittent and diminishing or when the offspring was prematurely lost. Observations on both captive and wild populations suggested the existence of two breeding seasons, one in late winter and early spring, the other in summer. However, the evidence on which these breeding seasons are based is extremely limited. Reproduction in Potorous is compared with that in other marsupial species.

Interference of Annual Weeds in Seedling Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Fischer ◽  
Jean H. Dawson ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds

Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. #4ECHCG] and pigweeds (mixture ofAmaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE andA. powelliiS. Wats. # AMAPO) seeded separately with alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) in mid-August suppressed alfalfa severely before frost killed them in October and November. Some alfalfa was killed, and yield of alfalfa forage was reduced in each of three harvests the following year. These weeds did not harm alfalfa seeded in mid-September. Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE) and tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimumL. # SSYAL) suppressed alfalfa seeded in August and September. They reduced alfalfa stands and reduced yield of alfalfa forage in each of three harvests the following year. Alfalfa seeded August 27 and allowed to compete with a mixture of these species for various periods was injured most by weeds that emerged with the alfalfa and remained uncontrolled until forage harvest in May. These weeds did not reduce alfalfa yields if removed by 36 days after alfalfa emergence. Thereafter, yield decreased as the period of weed interference increased. Interference was most damaging in early spring, when growth of winter annual weeds was rapid and vigorous. Weeds seeded 65 or more days after alfalfa emergence did not reduce alfalfa yields but sometimes produced enough biomass to reduce the quality of the first-cutting alfalfa hay.

scholarly journals Market Quality of Late Winter/Early Spring Peony Paeonia after Controlled Dormancy: Dummy Regression Modelling

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gregory Yom Din ◽  
Menashe Cohen ◽  
Rina Kamenetsky Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
World Market ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Reference Treatment ◽  
Commercial Harvest

There is a shortage of herbaceous peony cut flowers in the world market in late winter/early spring. The quality of these prestige flowers, when cultivated in warm climate regions and stored in cooling chambers during dormancy, is influenced by pre-dormancy, dormancy, and post dormancy conditions. In this article, various regimes of peony dormancy with constant and variable temperatures were studied. Containers with plants of cv. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ were exposed to a pre-dormancy temperature of 15°C and, after two weeks, transferred to cooling chambers in order to keep dormancy under four constant or diurnal temperature regimes. On three different dates, plants from each treatment were transferred to a greenhouse for release from dormancy and the beginning of sprouting. During commercial harvest, data on height and thickness of flower stems, number of harvested flowers per plant, and dates of harvested flowers were collected. Using these data, the index of market quality of peony flowers was defined and regressed on dummy variables that reflected chilling regimes and dormancy duration. Statistically significant differences in market quality were shown between the treatments with the lower storage temperatures 20 C, 2-100 C, and 2-150 C, and the reference treatment with a storage temperature of 2 – 200 C. Statistically significant differences were also shown between the treatments with the shorter storage period of 6 weeks, 4 days or of 8 weeks, on the one hand, and the reference treatment with the storage of 9 weeks, 3 days, on the other. Close results were obtained for the treatments with the constant temperature of 20 C and with the diurnal alternating temperature of 2-100C. Therefore, growers can expect economic gains from saving energy during dormancy under a suitable temperature regime.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in the vertical distribution of zone over Oakshin Gangotri, Antarctica

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
A.L. KOPPAR ◽  
S.C. NAGRATH
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Double Peak ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Ozone soundings made from Dakshin Gangotri, Antarctica during 1987 are presented. The vertical distribution of ozone over Antarctica is characterised by a double peak profile, one around 200-150 hPa and the other around 50 hPa. During late winter-early spring the upper peak is considerably depleted. Tropospheric ozoe remains low and nearly constant throughout the year.  

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE FROM THE EXPECTATION AND QUALITY OF LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Khusaini Khusaini ◽  
Ali Sandy Mulya
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Student Expectations ◽  
Quality Of Learning ◽  
Binary Probit ◽  
And Control

<p class="JurnalASSETSABSTRAK"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This research aims to measure expectations, gender, learning quality, and control variables on the performance of the undergraduate program of Accounting at Tangerang Municipality. The target population is 1,898 students, with 331 of them becoming the sample. The sampling technique was Disproportionate Random Sampling and used a Binary Probit Regression. The distribution of the questionnaires used a Google Form. The results showed that the expectations and quality of learning had a significant effect on improving performance. On the other hand, gender was insignificant. This study's findings contribute to universities always maintaining student expectations and the quality of learning so that graduates have good performance.</p><p class="JurnalASSETSABSTRAK"><strong><em>ABSTRAK</em></strong><em></em></p><p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji harapan, gender, kualitas pembelajaran, dan variabel kontrol terhadap kinerja mahasiswa program sarjana S-1 Akuntansi di Perguruan Tinggi Kota Tangerang. Populasi sebanyak 1.898 mahasiswa dan ukuran sampel sebanyak 331 sampel. Teknik sampling adalah </em>disproportionate random sampling<em> dan menggunakan analisis </em>binary probit regression<em>. Distribusi kuesioner menggunakan google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harapan dan kualitas pembelajaran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja mahasiswa, sebaliknya gender tidak signifikan. Temuan penelitian ini memberikan konstribusi kepada perguruan tinggi untuk selalu menjaga ekspektasi mahasiswa dan mutu pembelajaran agar para lulusannya memiliki kinerja yang baik.</em></p>

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Taphrina deformans Inoculum in Peach Orchards

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rossi ◽  
M. Bolognesi ◽  
S. Giosuè
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Parasitic Stage ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Curled Leaves

The dynamics of the inoculum of Taphrina deformans were studied during a 4-year period by (i) inspecting curled leaves for the presence of asci, (ii) placing deposition spore samplers within the tree canopies, and (iii) exposing potted peach plants (trap plants). These three approaches produced consistent results. Four main periods characterized the dynamics of the inoculum: the first period coincides with the parasitic stage of the pathogen's life cycle and the other periods with the saprophytic stage. Mid- to late spring (first period) was characterized by the presence of asci on infected leaves which produced and ejected large quantities of ascospores in 96% of the samplings. Rainfall was not necessary for ascospore dispersal, which was favored by air temperature <20°C and relative humidity ≥80% or wetness duration >8 h. In summer and autumn (second period), blastospores were trapped in 54 and 24% of samplings, respectively, with low spore numbers. In the winter (third period), blasto-spores were trapped in the lowest numbers and in only 6% of samplings. In late winter to early spring (fourth period), blastospores were found in 56% of samples, with increasing numbers. Rainfall significantly influenced blastospore dispersal and temperature was correlated with the seasonality found during the saprophytic stage.

Beef production from lucerne and subterranean clover pastures. 2. Bloat occurrence and effect of anti-bloat capsules

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD FitzGerald ◽  
EC Wolfe ◽  
RH Laby ◽  
DG Hall
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
June July

Over 3 years (1975-77), the occurrence of bloat was recorded in steers grazing two legumedominant pastures, one (LC) containing lucerne (Medicago sativa) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and the other (C) subterranean clover. The effect of intraruminal capsules on both the occurrence of sub-lethal bloat and liveweight gain was assessed in spring 1976 (anti-bloat capsules), and in spring 1977 (anti-bloat and monensin capsules, singly and together). In unprotected steers, bloat occurred only during winter or early spring on both pastures. Over the 3 years, seven steers died from bloat on LC, and three on C. Sub-lethal bloat (rumen distention) was more frequent and severe on LC than on C in 1975 and 1976. However, in 1977 it was more frequent on LC in June-July, but more frequent on C in August-September; there was no difference in severity between pastures. The anti-bloat capsules halved the rumen distention index and improved liveweight gain by an average of 0.2-0.3 kg/head day-1 for short periods in October 1976 and August 1977. The results with monensin capsules were inconclusive. Bloat occurrence is discussed in relation to pasture and environmental conditions, and to beef production on lucerne-clover and clover pastures.

Coping with darkness and low temperatures: foraging strategies in Steller's eiders, Polysticta stelleri, wintering at high latitudes

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Helge Systad ◽  
Jan Ove Bustnes
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Polysticta Stelleri

To examine how Steller's eiders, Polysticta stelleri, wintering at 70°N cope with adverse winter conditions in terms of darkness and low temperatures, we studied their feeding behaviour during four periods between late autumn and early spring. Steller's eiders were most likely to feed during daylight and twilight, but they also fed during darkness. The incidence of feeding was highest at low tide, and there was a significant interaction between tidal cycle and winter period. Hence, the birds fed more intensively at low tide in midwinter (January) than during the other periods. Air temperatures were between 8 and 10°C lower in midwinter than during the other periods, and during this period the eiders also fed more by means of nondiving techniques (up-ending, surface feeding). The total estimated feeding time was highest in late autumn and midwinter (5.9 and 6.3 h were spent actively feeding, respectively) and lower in late winter and spring (5.1 and 4.6 h, respectively). Thus, as energy requirements increased as a result of low temperatures, Steller's eiders increased their feeding effort, but also reduced feeding costs by reducing diving depth. The results of this study suggest that the Steller's eider is behaviourally well adapted to survive winter at high latitudes at relatively low stress.

scholarly journals Vidas nas fronteiras do presente: da tentativa de controle curricular à diferença

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
João Paulo Lopes dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pensamiento Filosofico

Meu objetivo, neste texto, é o debate acerca das tensões que envolvem o currículo, tensões provocadas numa arena de disputas entre forças desiguais. Se por um lado, o currículo é instituído a partir de políticas que respondem às demandas conservadoras e neoliberais, cujas tentam silenciar a diferença e controlar vidas; por outro, ele é o próprio lugar da diferença com possibilidades reais de rupturas. Para orientar o debate, utilizo o seguinte questionamento: que afetações os currículos pensados sob a égide dos princípios neoliberais/conservadores incidem na circularidade da existência da diferença no acontecimento escolar? Nesse movimento de análise, opto por trabalhar com as perspectivas pós-fundacional e pós-estrutural como instrumento metodológico, sobretudo com a epistemologia do pensamento filosófico butleriano com a noção de enquadramento.  Apesar da tentativa de controle, os currículos pensados com base nas vozes conservadoras e neoliberais são passíveis de escapes. Assim, a desejada qualidade da educação, via conhecimento monocultural, dificilmente se concretizará. O que os currículos seguem fazendo, portanto, é tentar controlar o incontrolável, desejo do imaginário neoliberal de assegurar sua própria hegemonia.Palavras-chave: Controle curricular. Demandas conservadoras e neoliberais. Diferença.Lives at the borders of the present: from the attempt at curricular control to the difference ABSTRACT My goal in this text is the debate about the tensions surrounding the curriculum, tensions provoked in an arena of disputes between unequal forces. If, on the one hand, the curriculum is instituted based on policies that respond to conservative and neoliberal demands, whose attempts to silence the difference and control lives; on the other hand, it is the proper place of difference with real possibilities of ruptures. To guide the debate, I use the following question: what affects the curricula thought under the aegis of neoliberal/conservative principles affect the circularity of the existence of difference in the school event? In this movement of analysis, I choose to work with the post-foundational and post-structural perspectives as a methodological instrument, especially with the epistemology of butlerian philosophical thought with the notion of frameworking. Despite attempting at control, curricula thought based on conservative and neoliberal voices are subject to escape. Thus, the desired quality of education, via monocultural knowledge, is hardly to materialize. What the curricula continue to do, therefore, is to try to control the uncontrollable, desire of the neoliberal imagination to ensure its own hegemony.Keywords: Curricular control. Conservative and neoliberal demands. Difference.Vidas en las fronteras del presente: del intento de control curricular a la diferenciaRESUMENMi objetivo en este texto es debatir las tensiones que rodean el currículum, tensiones provocadas en una arena de disputas entre fuerzas desiguales. Si, por un lado, el currículum se instituye en base a políticas que responden a las demandas conservadoras y neoliberales, cuyas pretenden silenciar la diferencia y controlar vidas; por otro, él es el propio lugar de la diferencia con posibilidades reales de ruptura. Para guiar el debate, utilizo la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué afectaciones los currículos pensados curricular bajo la égida de principios neoliberales/conservadores que afectan la circularidad de la existencia de la diferencia en el evento escolar? En este movimiento de análisis, elijo trabajar con las perspectivas post-fundacional y post-estructural como herramienta metodológica, especialmente con la epistemología del pensamiento filosófico de Butler con la noción de encuadre. A pesar del intento de control, los currículos pensados en base a las voces conservadoras y neoliberales están sujetos a escape. Así, la calidad de educación deseada, a través del conocimiento monocultural, es poco probable que se materialice. Lo que los currículos siguen haciendo, por lo tanto, es intentar controlar el incontrolable, deseo imaginario neoliberal para asegurar su propia hegemonía.Palabras clave: Control curricular. Demandas conservadoras y neoliberales. Diferencia.

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