Turfgrass Species Response to Herbicides Applied Postemergence

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Cynodon Transvaalensis

Sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} at 0.34 kg ai/ha, fluazifop {(+)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 0.13 kg ai/ha, and SC-1084 {3-hydroxy-4-[4-[[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] pentanoic acid} at 0.28 kg ai/ha controlled ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensisBurtt-Davy #3CYNTR] x [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. # CYNDA] nearly 100% when applied for 2 consecutive years. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Ky 31’ # FESAR) tolerated fluazifop at 0.13 kg/ha and SC-1084 at 0.07 to 0.28 kg/ha; however, centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack, ‘common’ #ERLOP] and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud. # ZOYJA xZoysia tenuifoliaWilld. ex trin. ‘Emerald’ #ZOYTE did not tolerate these treatments. Centipedegrass tolerated sethoxydim, zoysiagrass tolerance was intermediate, and tall fescue was injured severely. Sethoxydim at 0.22 kg/ha discolored leaves of zoysiagrass, but the turf recovered fully. Thus, bermudagrass, when mixed with either tall fescue, centipedegrass, or zoysiagrass, can be controlled selectively with herbicides applied postemergence.

Purple Nutsedge Control in Turfgrasses by S-21634

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted on S-21634 (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium chloride) for control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) and tolerance of several turfgrass varieties and species. Purple nutsedge was controlled during the initial year of treatment with single applications of 3.4 and 5.6 kg/ha rates. All turfgrasses were injured following treatments, however, all except centipedegrass[Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.] had recovered in 7 to 8 weeks. In general, the injury to centipedegrass was higher and the turf density was lower in the treated plots at the final ratings. None of the treatments applied as a single S-21634 application affected root growth of bermudagrass (Cynodonsp.), ‘Emerald zoysia’ (Zoysia japonicaxZ. teniuflolia), centipedegrass, St. Augustine grass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze], or tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb, ‘Ky 31′).

scholarly journals Physiological Response to Water Deficit Stress with Restricted Rooting in Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Travis Culpepper ◽  
Joseph Young ◽  
David T. Montague ◽  
Manish Sapkota ◽  
Eduardo Escamilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Schedonorus Arundinaceus

Abstract Urban soils may restrict turfgrass rooting depth with shallow soil layers in high sand content soils, which may influence water conservation. A greenhouse study sought to quantify water usage and determine the physiological response of turfgrasses at four irrigation levels. ‘ATF-1434′ tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. nom. cons.; syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), ‘Jamur' Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and ‘Zeon' Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] were established in 10 cm (4 in) diameter by 17.8 cm (7 in) tall containers. Each species was irrigated with 16.5, 21.9, 27.3, or 32.7 mm.wk−1 (0.65, 0.86, 1.1, or 1.3 in.wk−1). Gravimetric water loss was determined by pre- and post-irrigation pot weights. Turf quality, leaf discoloration, percent green cover, and gross photosynthesis were evaluated weekly and root parameters were measured at the conclusion of each trial. Although root mass was similar among species, water deficit stress and leaf discoloration occurred sooner in tall fescue than the two Zoysia species, reducing turf quality and green cover. Japanese lawngrass and Manilagrass had greater stomatal conductance, resulting in 109 and 89% higher gross photosynthesis relative to tall fescue. Both zoysiagrasses maintained acceptable turf quality with 27.3 mm water.wk−1. However, tall fescue quality was not acceptable at any irrigation level. Index words: Photosynthesis, gravimetric water loss, tall fescue, Japanese lawngrass, Manilagrass. Species used in this study: Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. nom. cons.; syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.); Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.].

scholarly journals Additional Host Plants of Four Species of Billbug Found on New Jersey Turfgrasses

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Johnson-Cicalese ◽  
C.R. Funk
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Red Fescue

Studies were conducted on the host plants of four billbug species (Coleoptera:Curculionidae: Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal, S. venatus Chitt., S. inaequalis Say, and S. minimus Hart) found on New Jersey turfgrasses. A collection of 4803 adults from pure stands of various turfgrasses revealed all four billbugs on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and S. parvulus, S. venatus, and S. minimus on Chewings fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaud.). Since the presence of larvae, pupae, or teneral adults more accurately indicates the host status of a grass species, immature billbugs were collected from plugs of the various grass species and reared to adults for identification. All four species were reared from immature billbugs found in Kentucky bluegrass turf; immatures of S. venatus, S. inaequalis, and S. minimus were found in tall fescue; S. venatus and S. minimus in perennial ryegrass; and S. inaequalis in strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra). A laboratory experiment was also conducted in which billbug adults were confined in petri dishes with either Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, or bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.). Only minor differences were found between the four grasses in billbug survival, number of eggs laid, and amount of feeding. In general, bermudagrass was the least favored host and the other grasses were equally adequate hosts. The results of this study indicate a need for updating host-plant lists of these four billbug species.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake in tropical turfgrasses growing in winter in southern Queensland

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Menzel ◽  
P. Broomhall
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

The effects of fertilisers on 8 tropical turfgrasses growing in 100-L bags of sand were studied over winter in Murrumba Downs, just north of Brisbane in southern Queensland (latitude 27.4°S, longitude 153.1°E). The species used were: Axonopus compressus (broad-leaf carpetgrass), Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass ‘Winter Green’) and C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis hybrid (‘Tifgreen’), Digitaria didactyla (Queensland blue couch), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass ‘38824’), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss ‘Palmetto’), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass ‘Centec’) and Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass ‘ZT-11’). Control plots were fertilised with complete fertilisers every month from May to September (72 kg N/ha, 31 kg P/ha, 84 kg K/ha, 48 kg S/ha, 30 kg Ca/ha and 7.2 kg Mg/ha), and unfertilised plots received no fertiliser. Carpetgrass and standard bermudagrass were the most sensitive species to nutrient supply, with lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots (shoots mowed to thatch level) compared with the fertilised plots in June. There were lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in July for all species, except for buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass, and lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in August for all species, except for centipedegrass. At the end of the experiment in September, unfertilised plots were 11% of the shoot dry weights of fertilised plots, with all species affected. Mean shoot nitrogen concentrations fell from 3.2 to 1.7% in the unfertilised plots from May to August, below the sufficiency range for turfgrasses (2.8–3.5%). There were also declines in P (0.45–0.36%), K (2.4–1.5%), S (0.35–0.25%), Mg (0.24–0.18%) and B (9–6 mg/kg), which were all in the sufficiency range. The shoots in the control plots took up the following levels (kg/ha.month) of nutrients: N, 10.0–27.0; P, 1.6–4.0; K, 8.2–19.8; S, 1.0–4.2; Ca, 1.1–3.3; and Mg, 0.8–2.2, compared with applications (kg/ha.month) of: N, 72; P, 31; K, 84; S, 48; Ca, 30; and Mg, 7.2, indicating a recovery of 14–38% for N, 5–13% for P, 10–24% for K, 2–9% for S, 4–11% for Ca and 11–30% for Mg. These results suggest that buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass are less sensitive to low nutrient supply than carpetgrass, bermudagrass, blue couch and bahiagrass. Data on nutrient uptake showed that the less sensitive species required only half or less of the nitrogen required to maintain the growth of the other grasses, indicating potential savings for turf managers in fertiliser costs and the environment in terms of nutrients entering waterways.

scholarly journals Differential Large Crabgrass Control with Herbicides in Tall Fescue and Common Bermudagrass

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1015-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Pendimethalin and oxadiazon are used commonly to control crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. A field experiment was conducted for 2 years to determine if reduced pendimethalin and oxadiazon application rates would control large crabgrass [D. sanguinalis (L.) Sco.] effectively in tall fescue and common bermudagrass. Oxadiazon applied at 1.1 kg a.i./ha in each of two applications at a 60-day interval (less than recommended rate) effectively controlled large crabgrass (≥93%), regardless of turfgrass species. Pendimethalin applied at 1.1 kg a.i./ha in each of two applications controlled large crabgrass in common bermudagrass effectively (≥90%) but not large crabgrass in tall fescue (47%). The difference in pendimethalin performance between the two species was attributed to the ability of common bermudagrass to compete more successfully than tall fescue with large crabgrass during late summer. Chemical names used: 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethy1)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3 H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

Influence of Fenoxaprop and Ethofumesate Treatments on Suppression of Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Turf

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Robert N. Carrow
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period to determine the rate and frequency of herbicide application needed to control common bermudagrass growing in a tall fescue turf. In Experiment I, fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate applied at 0.2 + 1.7 kg/ha in late April and repeated at the same rate at 3- to 4-wk intervals for a total of five applications resulted in excellent (≥ 97%) common bermudagrass suppression. The suppression was higher from combination of fenoxaprop and ethofumesate than when fenoxaprop was applied at 0.2 kg/ha in five applications (≤ 67%). In Experiment II, fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate applied at 0.2 +1.7 kg/ha required four applications per year to effectively suppress common bermudagrass (95%) in 1993, but five applications were needed to obtain similar suppression (96%) in 1994. Tifway bermudagrass was not suppressed during 1994 when fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate were applied at 0.2 +1.7 kg/ha in each of five applications (30%). In most instances, fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate applied at 0.2 +1.7 kg/ha caused only slight to moderate (< 30%) injury to tall fescue for 1 to 2 wk after treatment. When injury occurred, it was temporary as the turf fully recovered within 2 to 3 wk after treatment. An exception occurred in early July 1992 when fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate caused 44% injury to tall fescue after the four applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Turfgrass Selections for Resistance to Fall Armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1268-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Braman ◽  
R.R. Duncan ◽  
M.C. Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Turfgrass selections including 21 paspalums (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) and 12 zoysiagrasses (Zoysia sp.) were compared with susceptible `KY31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and more resistant common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.) and common centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack] for potential resistance to fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)], an occasionally serious pest of managed turf. Turfgrass and pasture grasses annually suffer sporadic damage by this pest, often severe in the Gulf Coast states. Resistant grasses offer an alternative management tool for the fall armyworm, reducing the need for pesticide use. Laboratory evaluations assessed the degree of antibiosis and nonpreference present among more than 30 turfgrass genotypes to first and third instar fall armyworms, respectively. Zoysiagrasses exhibiting high levels of antibiosis included `Cavalier', `Emerald', DALZ8501, DALZ8508, `Royal', and `Palisades'. Paspalum selections demonstrating reduced larval or pupal weights or prolonged development times of fall armyworm included 561-79, Temple-2, PI-509021, and PI-509022.

scholarly journals Water Relations and Drought Tolerance of Four Turfgrasses

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Qian ◽  
Jack D. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Greenhouse studies were conducted on three warm-season turfgrasses, `Midlawn' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy], `Prairie' buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], and `Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and a cool-season turfgrass, `Mustang' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to determine 1) water relations and drought tolerance characteristics by subjecting container-grown grasses to drought and 2) potential relationships between osmotic adjustment (OA) and turf recovery after severe drought. Tall fescue was clipped at 6.3 cm once weekly, whereas warm-season grasses were clipped at 4.5 cm twice weekly. The threshold volumetric soil water content (SWC) at which a sharp decline in leaf water potential (ψL) occurred was higher for tall fescue than for warm-season grasses. Buffalograss exhibited the lowest and tall fescue exhibited the highest reduction in leaf pressure potential (ψP) per unit decline in ψL during dry down. Ranking of grasses for magnitude of OA was buffalograss (0.84 MPa) = zoysiagrass (0.77 MPa) > bermudagrass (0.60 MPa) > tall fescue (0.34 MPa). Grass coverage 2 weeks after irrigation was resumed was correlated positively with magnitude of OA (r = 0.66, P < 0.05).

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