Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Control with Imazaquin and Imazethapyr

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Riley ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Better Than

Imazaquin and imazethapyr were applied postemergence to soybeans for control of 8- to 12-leaf rhizome johnsongrass and pitted morningglory in the field. At 8 weeks, johnsongrass control was 70% with 70 g ai/ha imazaquin plus 105 g ai/ha imazethapyr but was no more than 50% with a single application of either herbicide. Imazaquin at 70 g/ha plus imazethapyr at 35 g/ha interacted synergistically to provide 90% pitted morningglory control, while 140 g/ha imazaquin controlled 77%. Imazaquin at 70 g/ha with imazethapyr from 18 to 105 g/ha controlled both weed species equal to or better than that obtained with 140 g/ha imazaquin.

Influence of Imazapyr on the Control of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) with Chlorimuron, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Riley ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate postemergence combinations of imazethapyr, imazquin, or chlorimuron with low rates of imazapyr for Johnsongrass and pitted morningglory control. Imazapyr applied alone at rates up to 4 g ai/ha gave little or no control of either weed species. However, the addition of imazapyr to various rates of imazethapyr or imazaquin synergistically increased both johnsongrass and pitted morningglory control 8 weeks after treatment. The rates of imazethapyr or imazaquin required for significant enhancement of johnsongrass control were higher than those required for pitted morningglory control. No synergistic increases in control of either weed species were noted with mixtures of imazapyr and chlorimuron. Although not synergistic in every case, the mixtures of imazapyr at 4 g/ha with imazethapyr, imazaquin, or chlorimuron gave johnsongrass and pitted morningglory control equal to or better than the next higher rate of these herbicides applied alone. Imazapyr did not increase soybean injury or decrease yield provided by chlorimuron, imazaquin, or imazethapyr.

Longevity of Weed Seeds After 5.5 Years in the Stoneville 50-Year Buried-Seed Study

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Egley ◽  
J. M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Anoda Cristata

Seeds of 20 weed species buried at depths of 8, 23, and 38 cm in 1972 and 1973 were exhumed at regular intervals and tested for viability and germination. Burial depth had little to no significant influence on longevity. After 5.5 yr 48% of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.], 36% of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), 33% of purple moonflower (Ipomoea turbinataLag.), 30% of spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht], 18% of hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory], and 13% of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.) seeds were still viable. No more than 6% of the original population for any other species was viable at 5.5 yr. Hard seeds comprised a high percentage of the longer-lived seeds. Seeds of longest-lived species were losing viability at an average of 26% of the existing population each year from 3.5 to 5.5 yr.

Effects of Herbicide Application Timing on Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Control

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Sunil Ratnayake ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of application timing of imazethapyr and fluazifop-P on rhizome johnsongrass and pitted morningglory control in soybean. Herbicides were applied at three timings keyed to johnsongrass heights of 15, 30, and 60 cm and 3-, 6-, and 9-leaf pitted morningglory. Evaluations 6 wk after the final treatment indicated imazethapyr controlled both species best when applied at the 15-cm johnsongrass growth stage. Increasing imazethapyr rate did not increase control of pitted morningglory, but did increase johnsongrass control at the 15-cm application timing. However, at the 30-cm johnsongrass application timing, increasing the rate from 0.07 to 0.10 kg ha-1improved control of both species. Johnsongrass control with imazethapyr was no more than 64% when applications were delayed to 30-cm or larger johnsongrass. Fluazifop-P controlled johnsongrass well at all timings.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Glufosinate in Transgenic and Nontransgenic Cotton, Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Walter E. Thomas ◽  
James D. Burton ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Harvest Intervals

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate absorption, translocation, and metabolism of14C-glufosinate in glufosinate-resistant cotton, nontransgenic cotton, Palmer amaranth, and pitted morningglory. Cotton plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory were treated at 7.5 and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption of14C-glufosinate was greater than 85% 24 h after treatment in Palmer amaranth. Absorption was less than 30% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant cotton, nontransgenic cotton, and pitted morningglory. At 24 HAT, 49 and 12% of radioactivity was translocated to regions above and below the treated leaf, respectively, in Palmer amaranth. Metabolites of14C-glufosinate were detected in all crop and weed species. Metabolism of14C-glufosinate was 16% or lower in nontransgenic cotton and pitted morningglory; however, metabolism rates were greater than 70% in glufosinate-resistant cotton 72 HAT. Intermediate metabolism was observed for Palmer amaranth, with metabolites comprising 20 to 30% of detectable radioactivity between 6 and 72 HAT.

Influence of Time of Planting and Distance from the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Row of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa), and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) on Competitiveness with Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
J. E. Street ◽  
R. H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Influence of time of planting and distance from the cotton row of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) on yield of seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) was determined on Decatur clay loam during 1975 through 1978. Weed growth was measured in 1977 and 1978. Seeds of the three weed species were planted 15, 30, or 45 cm from the cotton row at time of planting cotton or 4 weeks later. Weeds planted 4 weeks after planting cotton grew significantly less than did weeds planted at the same time as cotton. When planted with cotton, redroot pigweed produced over twice as much fresh weight as did prickly sida or pitted morningglory. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect weed growth in 1978, but did in 1977. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect their competitiveness in any year as measured by yield of cotton. However, in each year, yields of cotton were reduced to a greater extent by weeds planted with cotton than when planted 4 weeks later. In 3 of 4 yr, there were significant differences in competitiveness of each of the three weed species with cotton.

Weed Seed Germination Under Simulated Drought

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
G. A. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than

Seeds of five crop and 17 weed species were germinated with 0, 3, 6, and 10-bar water solutions of polyethylene glycol to simulate drought. With simulated drought, most weed species germinated better than soybeans (Glycine maxL. ‘Hampton 266A’) but were not equal to pearlmillet [Pennisetum typhoides(Burm.) Stapf. and C. E. Hubb ‘Millex 23’] or sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench xS. sudanense(Piper) ‘SX-16’]. Prickly sida (Sida spinosaL,), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), andIpomoea lacunosaL. were the most tolerant weed species to simulated drought. Four species were intermediate in tolerance and four species germinated poorly under simulated drought. Hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory] was the least tolerant and was similar to soybean.

Efficacy of Pyrithiobac and Bromoxynil Applied with Low-Volume Spray Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Tredaway ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Glen R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to determine if the sodium salt of pyrithiobac or bromoxynil applied in a low-volume, air-assist spray system controlled entireleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, and smallflower morningglory as well as treatments applied with a conventional hydraulic fan spraying system, and to determine if herbicide rates could be reduced when using the low-volume spraying system. Pyrithiobac at 0.035 and 0.071 kg ai/ha and bromoxynil at 0.56 and 1.12 kg ai/ha were applied alone and in combination with DSMA at 1.7 kg ai/ha or MSMA at 1.7 kg ai/ha. Spraying systems were calibrated to deliver 26 L/ha and 140 L/ha for the low-volume and conventional systems, respectively. No significant differences in control were noted between low-volume and conventional spray systems when herbicides were applied at the suggested use rates of 0.071 and 1.12 kg ai/ha for pyrithiobac and bromoxynil, respectively. Morningglory control was reduced when pyrithiobac and bromoxynil were applied at one-half the suggested use rate regardless of the spraying systems. Bromoxynil alone generally controlled pitted and entireleaf morningglory better than pyrithiobac alone regardless of rate and application method. However, pyrithiobac generally provided better control of smallflower morningglory than bromoxynil. Adding MSMA or DSMA to bromoxynil and pyrithiobac increased control of both weed species.

Decline in Phytotoxicity of Benzyl Isothiocyanate Formulated as Granules

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Germination And Growth

Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) was formulated in dry granules with tung oil and calcareous loess to facilitate safe handling of the water-sensitive lachrymator. Crop and weed seeds were exposed to granular BITC at 40 mg ai/kg (w/w) substrate on moist sand for 2 days. When the pretreated seeds were washed with water and placed on BITC-free sand in a germination chamber for 15 days, germination in comparison to untreated seeds was 0 to 8% for pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB), milo [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘Funks G-522DR’], and red rice (Oryza sativaL. # ORYSA) seeds; 15 or 16% for velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. # ABUTH) and johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA]; and 39% for barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. # ECHCG]. Subjecting milo seeds to moist sand medium that contained BITC granules at 10, 20, and 40 mg ai/kg substrate reduced germination of milo by 78, 97, and 100%, respectively. However, BITC granules applied to the growth medium 2 to 4 days prior to sowing seeds had little effect on germination and growth of milo or sicklepod. Thus, BITC-treated soil soon became safe for newly sown seeds, but seeds present in soil when the toxin granules were applied failed to recover from exposure to BITC and deteriorated within 15 days.

Allelopathic Potential of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw on Selected Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Steinsiek ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Fred C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Germination And Growth

The allelopathic potential of wheat [Triticum aestivum(L.) ‘Doublecrop′] straw residue was evaluated on weed-seed germination and seedling growth. The inhibition of weed-seed germination and seedling growth was extract-, species-, and temperature-dependent. The extracts prepared by agitating and soaking caused greater inhibition than those obtained by leaching. The descending order of species susceptibility was ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), and Japanese barnyard millet [Echinochloa crus-gallivar.frumetaceae(Roxb.) Link]. Incubation at 35 C caused the greatest inhibition of germination and growth.

MSMA Antagonizes Glyphosate and Glufosinate Efficacy on Broadleaf and Grass Weeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Ian C. Burke ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Levels Of Control

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the compatibility of MSMA in a tank mixture with glyphosate or glufosinate for broadleaf and grass weed control. Glyphosate, glufosinate, and MSMA were evaluated at 0.5×, 1×, and 2× rates, with 1× rates of 0.84 kgae/ha, 0.5 kgai/ha, and 2.2 kgai/ha, respectively. Glyphosate and glufosinate provided similar levels of control for most weed species and were often more efficacious than MSMA alone. Glyphosate controlled Palmer amaranth better than glufosinate. Glufosinate controlled hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, and ivyleaf morningglory better than glyphosate at one location. Weed control was not improved with the addition of MSMA to glyphosate or glufosinate when compared with either herbicide alone. MSMA antagonized glyphosate efficacy on barnyardgrass, browntop millet, hemp sesbania, Palmer amaranth, and redroot pigweed. MSMA antagonized glufosinate efficacy on browntop millet, hemp sesbania, ivyleaf morningglory, johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, and velvetleaf. Antagonism of glyphosate or glufosinate by MSMA was often overcome by applying the 2× rate of either herbicide alone. MSMA is not a compatible tank-mixture partner with glyphosate or glufosinate for weed control in cotton.

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