Photodynamic Herbicides

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H.N. Towers ◽  
J. T. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plant Compounds ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Many natural and synthetic plant compounds become toxic when irradiated by ultraviolet or visible light. These compounds may be considered for use as herbicides, remembering the requirement for light. Concurrently, methods for blocking metabolic pathways so that phototoxic intermediates accumulate and thus kill the plant also have been studied. The mechanisms of action of potentially useful plant phototoxins are described.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species as the Brainbox in Malaria Treatment

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Chinedu Ogbonnia Egwu ◽  
Jean-Michel Augereau ◽  
Karine Reybier ◽  
Françoise Benoit-Vical
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

Several measures are in place to combat the worldwide spread of malaria, especially in regions of high endemicity. In part, most common antimalarials, such as quinolines and artemisinin and its derivatives, deploy an ROS-mediated approach to kill malaria parasites. Although some antimalarials may share similar targets and mechanisms of action, varying levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may account for their varying pharmacological activities. Regardless of the numerous approaches employed currently and in development to treat malaria, concerningly, there has been increasing development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum, which can be connected to the ability of the parasites to manage the oxidative stress from ROS produced under steady or treatment states. ROS generation has remained the mainstay in enforcing the antiparasitic activity of most conventional antimalarials. However, a combination of conventional drugs with ROS-generating ability and newer drugs that exploit vital metabolic pathways, such antioxidant machinery, could be the way forward in effective malaria control.

scholarly journals New Evidence of Similarity between Human and Plant Steroid Metabolism: 5α-Reductase Activity in Solanum malacoxylon

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Rosati ◽  
Giovanna Danza ◽  
Antonio Guarna ◽  
Nicoletta Cini ◽  
Milvia Luisa Racchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Solanum Malacoxylon ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Mammalian System

Abstract The physiological role of steroid hormones in humans is well known, and the metabolic pathway and mechanisms of action are almost completely elucidated. The role of plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids, is less known, but an increasing amount of data on brassinosteroid biosynthesis is showing unexpected similarities between human and plant steroid metabolic pathways. Here we focus our attention on the enzyme 5α-reductase (5αR) for which a plant ortholog of the mammalian system, DET2, was recently described in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that campestenone, the natural substrate of DET2, is reduced to 5α-campestanone by both human 5αR isozymes but with different affinities. Solanum malacoxylon, which is a calcinogenic plant very active in the biosynthesis of vitamin D-like molecules and sterols, was used to study 5αR activity. Leaves and calli were chosen as examples of differentiated and undifferentiated tissues, respectively. Two separate 5αR activities were found in calli and leaves of Solanum using campestenone as substrate. The use of progesterone allowed the detection of both activities in calli. Support for the existence of two 5αR isozymes in S. malacoxylon was provided by the differential actions of inhibitors of the human 5αR in calli and leaves. The evidence for the presence of two isozymes in different plant tissues extends the analogies between plant and mammalian steroid metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals The Effects of Natural Iridoids and Anthocyanins on Selected Parameters of Liver and Cardiovascular System Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Danielewski ◽  
Agnieszka Matuszewska ◽  
Beata Nowak ◽  
Alicja Z. Kucharska ◽  
Tomasz Sozański
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Food Pyramid ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plant Compounds

The old adage says, “you are what you eat.” And although it is a banality repeated by many with a grain of salt, it also has quite a bit of truth in it, as the products we eat have a considerable impact on our health. Unfortunately, humanity is eating worse from one year to another, both in terms of product quality and eating habits. At the same time, it is brought up frequently that plant products should form the basis of our diet. This issue was also reflected in the new version of the food pyramid. Iridoids and anthocyanins are groups of plant compounds with proven beneficial effects on health. Both groups affect the cardiovascular system and the liver functions. Although many mechanisms of action and the therapeutic effects of these compounds have already been learned, intensive animal and clinical research is still underway to explore their new curative mechanisms and effects or to broaden our knowledge of those previously described. In this article, we review the effects of natural iridoids and anthocyanins on selected parameters of liver and cardiovascular system functions.

scholarly journals Antibacterial plant compounds, extracts and essential oils: an updated review on their effects and putative mechanisms of action

Phytomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 153626
Author(s):  
F.J. Álvarez-Martínez ◽  
E. Barrajón-Catalán ◽  
M. Herranz-López ◽  
V. Micol
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plant Compounds

Mechanisms of antibiotics inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Mosaei ◽  
John Harbottle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Transcription Inhibitors ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract Transcription, the first phase of gene expression, is performed by the multi-subunit RNA polymerase (RNAP). Bacterial RNAP is a validated target for clinical antibiotics. Many natural and synthetic compounds are now known to target RNAP, inhibiting various stages of the transcription cycle. However, very few RNAP inhibitors are used clinically. A detailed knowledge of inhibitors and their mechanisms of action (MOA) is vital for the future development of efficacious antibiotics. Moreover, inhibitors of RNAP are often useful tools with which to dissect RNAP function. Here, we review the MOA of antimicrobial transcription inhibitors.

New Trends On Biological Activities And Clinical Studies Of Quinolinic Analogues: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Elizabeth Barbosa da Silva ◽  
José Arion da Silva Moura ◽  
Tiago Rafael de Sousa Nunes ◽  
Ivan da Rocha Pitta ◽  
Marina Galdino da Rocha Pitta
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: The quinolinic ring, present in several molecules, has a great diversity of biological activities. Therefore, this ring is in the structure composition of several candidates of drugs in preclinical and clinical studies, thus, it is necessary the grouping of these results to facilitate the design of new drugs. For this reason, some of the activities were selected for this review, such as: antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-rheumatic and antiviral. All publications of scientific articles chosen are dated between 2000 and 2020. In addition to presenting the structures of some natural and synthetic compounds with their activities, we list the clinical studies of phases III and IV of antimalarial drugs containing the quinoline nucleus and phase III clinical studies of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to assess their possible role in COVID-19. Finally, we show some of the mechanisms of action, as well as the side effects of some of the quinolinic derivatives.

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