scholarly journals Natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine adjuvants and their mechanisms of action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Pifferi ◽  
Roberto Fuentes ◽  
Alberto Fernández-Tejada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Synthetic Carbohydrate ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis Spores as Vaccine Adjuvants: Further Insights into the Mechanisms of Action

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e87454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Damásio de Souza ◽  
Milene Tavares Batista ◽  
Wilson Barros Luiz ◽  
Rafael Ciro Marques Cavalcante ◽  
Jaime Henrique Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants

scholarly journals Towards Identification of the Mechanisms of Action of Parasite-Derived Peptide GK1 on the Immunogenicity of an Influenza Vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1338-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Segura-Velázquez ◽  
Gladis Fragoso ◽  
Edda Sciutto ◽  
Adelaida Sarukhan
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that the synthetic peptide GK1, derived from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, enhances the immunogenicity of the commercial inactivated influenza vaccine Fluzone in both young and aged mice. In particular, antibody responses were much improved. Since GK1 is a peptide and is rapidly cleared from the body, it offers the possibility to improve vaccine performance without undesirable effects. This study was therefore designed to understand the mechanisms of action involved in the adjuvant properties of GK1. For this, transgenic mice expressing a T-cell receptor specific for an epitope from the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein were employed. The GK1 peptide significantly increased the in vivo proliferative response of HA-specific CD4+ T cells when it was coimmunized with the HA epitope. Dendritic cells treated in vitro with GK1 were capable of enhancing T-cell activation. Furthermore, in synergy with lipopolysaccharide, GK1 enhanced the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules of dendritic cells and promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines upon antigen-driven T-cell interaction. These data provide important insights into the mechanism that underlies the GK1 adjuvant capacity observed previously and underline the feasibility of using the transgenic mouse model described herein as a tool for investigation of the modes of action of different influenza vaccine adjuvants.

Mechanisms of antibiotics inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Mosaei ◽  
John Harbottle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Transcription Inhibitors ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract Transcription, the first phase of gene expression, is performed by the multi-subunit RNA polymerase (RNAP). Bacterial RNAP is a validated target for clinical antibiotics. Many natural and synthetic compounds are now known to target RNAP, inhibiting various stages of the transcription cycle. However, very few RNAP inhibitors are used clinically. A detailed knowledge of inhibitors and their mechanisms of action (MOA) is vital for the future development of efficacious antibiotics. Moreover, inhibitors of RNAP are often useful tools with which to dissect RNAP function. Here, we review the MOA of antimicrobial transcription inhibitors.

New Trends On Biological Activities And Clinical Studies Of Quinolinic Analogues: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Elizabeth Barbosa da Silva ◽  
José Arion da Silva Moura ◽  
Tiago Rafael de Sousa Nunes ◽  
Ivan da Rocha Pitta ◽  
Marina Galdino da Rocha Pitta
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: The quinolinic ring, present in several molecules, has a great diversity of biological activities. Therefore, this ring is in the structure composition of several candidates of drugs in preclinical and clinical studies, thus, it is necessary the grouping of these results to facilitate the design of new drugs. For this reason, some of the activities were selected for this review, such as: antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-rheumatic and antiviral. All publications of scientific articles chosen are dated between 2000 and 2020. In addition to presenting the structures of some natural and synthetic compounds with their activities, we list the clinical studies of phases III and IV of antimalarial drugs containing the quinoline nucleus and phase III clinical studies of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to assess their possible role in COVID-19. Finally, we show some of the mechanisms of action, as well as the side effects of some of the quinolinic derivatives.

scholarly journals General characteristics of adjuvants and their mechanisms of action (part 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
N. А. Alpatova ◽  
Zh. I. Avdeeva ◽  
S. L. Lysikova ◽  
O. V. Golovinskaya ◽  
L. A. Gayderova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Efficient Induction ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
New Vaccines

One of the major public health challenges today is development of new vaccines and technologies to optimize the vaccination process. There is a growing scientific interest in vaccine adjuvants that enhance vaccine immunogenicity. At present, numerous studies are underway to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated and subunit vaccines which contain adjuvants for efficient induction of immune response and solid immunity. The aim of the study was to systematise literature related to the analysis of the structure, mechanisms of action and stimulating properties of vaccine adjuvants (synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone), as well as to summarise data on the effects of adjuvants used in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development studies. The paper analyses the prospects for enhancing the stimulating effect of the adjuvants when used in combination with compounds having a different mechanism of action. It also analyses the results of studies of adjuvanted vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which may be useful when selecting adjuvants with optimal efficacy and safety profiles to be used in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development. It was concluded that understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants that mediate their stimulating effect on the body’s immune system will contribute to safe and effective use of adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of both authorised and new vaccines.

scholarly journals Applications of polymer-based nanoparticles in vaccine field

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihan Guo ◽  
Dongwei Fu ◽  
Assem Utupova ◽  
Dejun Sun ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Efficient Measure ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
And Control ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract Polymer-based nanoparticles have good solubility, stability, safety, and sustained release,which increases the absorption of loaded drugs, protects the drugs from degradation, and prolongs their circulation time and targeted delivery. Generally, we believe that prevention and control of infectious diseases through inoculation is the most efficient measure. However, these vaccines including live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines and DNA vaccines have several defects, such as immune tolerance, poor immunogenicity, low expression level and induction of respiration pathological changes. All kinds of biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers play major roles in the vaccine delivery system to control the release of antigens for an extended period of time. In addition, these polymers also serve as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine. This review mainly introduces natural and synthetic polymer-based nanoparticles and their formulation and properties. Moreover, polymer-based nanoparticles as adjuvants and delivery carriers in the applications of vaccine are also discussed. This review provides the basis for further operation of nano vaccines by utilizing the polymer-based nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. Polymer-based nanoparticles have exhibited great potential in improving the immunogenicity of antigens and the development of nano vaccines in future.

Photodynamic Herbicides

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H.N. Towers ◽  
J. T. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plant Compounds ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Many natural and synthetic plant compounds become toxic when irradiated by ultraviolet or visible light. These compounds may be considered for use as herbicides, remembering the requirement for light. Concurrently, methods for blocking metabolic pathways so that phototoxic intermediates accumulate and thus kill the plant also have been studied. The mechanisms of action of potentially useful plant phototoxins are described.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document