Effect of Flumetsulam Plus Clopyralid Soil Residues on Several Vegetable Crops and on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Cultivars Grown in Rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Sullivan ◽  
Robert J. Thomas ◽  
William J. Bouw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Field Corn

The effect of soil residues of flumetsulam plus clopyralid on several vegetable crops grown in rotation with field corn was investigated over 2 yr. The effect of soil residues of flumetsulam plus clopyralid on sweet corn cultivars of varying sensitivity to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide was also investigated. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid was applied preemergence (PRE) to field corn at 0, 50 + 135, and 100 + 270 g ai/ha, respectively, in 1993 and 1994. Cucumber, tomato, cabbage, potato, pepper, pea, and sweet corn were planted each spring, both 1 and 2 yr following the herbicide application. Cabbage was very sensitive and showed visible injury symptoms and yield reductions both years following flumetsulam plus clopyralid application. Pepper showed a yield reduction only in 1995. All other crops showed no injury or yield reductions. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid was applied PRE and postemergence (POST) to six sweet corn cultivars in 1995. These six sweet corn cultivars were replanted into the same site 1 yr later. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid severely injured three of six sweet corn cultivars in 1995, the year of application. Soil residues 1 yr later, however, did not injure or reduce yield of any sweet corn cultivars, including cultivars sensitive to ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

Effect of DPX-V9360 and Terbufos on Field and Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Under Three Environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Morton ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
William E. Lueschen ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Field studies were conducted in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin to explore interactions among DPX-V9360 herbicide applied postemergence, terbufos insecticide applied as an in-furrow treatment, and the environment. Field corn (‘Pioneer 3751’) and sweet corn (‘Jubilee’) were planted with and without an in-furrow application of terbufos. DPX-V9360 was applied postemergence when the corn was in the 4- to 6-leaf stage at 0, 35, 70, 140, and 280 g ai ha-1with nonionic surfactant and 28% N fertilizer solution. Crop response to DPX-V9360 was similar at all three locations, varying only in magnitude of injury. Crop injury was greater with Jubilee sweet corn than with Pioneer 3751 field corn. Injury to both hybrids increased as DPX-V9360 application rate increased. Application of terbufos increased injury from DPX-V9360 to both hybrids. Significant yield reduction did not occur with either hybrid when DPX-V9360 was applied at rates of 140 g ha-1or less and no terbufos was applied.

Using Estimates of Weed Pressure to Establish Crop Yield Loss Equations

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
Clark R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Total Crop

Herbicide efficacy trials in field corn, sweet corn, and soybean were conducted at three locations in Wisconsin over a 6-yr period. Percent weed pressure (WP) was determined by visually estimating the contribution of all weed species present to the total crop and weed volume in each plot. Crop yields in each plot were measured. Percent crop yield reduction (YLDRED) was calculated by comparing mean yields of individual treatments with those of the highest yielding treatment in each trial. Linear regression analyses of YLDRED and WP data from 1640 field corn and 138 sweet corn treatments were significant. Nonlinear regression analysis of YLDRED and WP data from all 1374 soybean treatments was significant; however, a linear regression of those 1154 soybean treatments with WP ratings of 30 or less produced a more easily interpreted regression equation.

In-Furrow Terbufos Reduces Field and Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance to Nicosulfuron

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Morton ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Douglas A. Landis ◽  
William E. Lueschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Previously Treated

Field experiments were conducted in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin in 1990 to explore interactions between nicosulfuron applied POST and terbufos insecticide at 0.06 or 0.11 g ai/m of row applied in-furrow on ‘Pioneer 3751’ field corn and ‘Jubilee’ sweet corn. Nicosulfuron at 0, 70, and 140 g ai/ha plus nonionic surfactant and 28% nitrogen fertilizer was applied to both corn types. Field corn response to nicosulfuron and terbufos was similar at all locations, whereas sweet corn injury varied with location. Nicosulfuron injured field corn more when applied at the four-leaf than the three-leaf stage. Injury to both corn types increased as nicosulfuron rate increased or when applied following terbufos. Nicosulfuron at 140 g/ha without terbufos did not reduce yield of either corn type; however, corn previously treated in-furrow with terbufos reduced yield.

Effect of a Pre-Irrigation Period on the Activity of Ethofumesate Applied to Dry Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McAuliffe ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Activity Loss ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Made In

Applications of ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] at rates from 0.3 to 1.4 kg/ha were made in the field to soils of 2 and 30% (w/w) soil moisture. After 2 to 4 days, all soils were irrigated to establish stands of either sweet corn (Zea maysL. ‘Jubilee’) or winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Stephens’) used as bioassay species for ethofumesate activity. Ethofumesate, at most rates, was significantly less effective on both corn and wheat when applied to dry soil than to wet soil. In greenhouse studies, ethofumesate activity was significantly greater when incorporated into soil of 12% than 2% (w/w) moisture 2 or 4 days prior to irrigation. An increase in herbicide activity was apparent as the length of time between herbicide application and wetting increased from 2 to 4 days. Analysis of wet (20%, w/w) and dry (2%, w/w) soils treated with equal levels of ethofumesate revealed no loss of herbicide applied to wet soil over a 12-day period, but in the dry soil, the amount extracted after 12 days was 10% of the amount extracted at 0 days. These data and other considerations suggest that chemical degradation of ethofumesate is the most likely mechanism for the activity loss in dry soil.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Eight Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Pyroxasulfone

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Sikkema ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Darren E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Field Corn

Pyroxasulfone is an experimental herbicide for use in field corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean that may have potential for weed management in sweet corn. Tolerance of eight sweet corn hybrids to pyroxasulfone applied preemergence (PRE) at rates of 0, 209, and 418 g·ha−1 a.i. were studied at two Ontario locations in 2005 and 2006. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE at 209 and 418 g·ha−1 caused minimal (less than 3%) injury in Harvest Gold, GH2041, GH9589, GSS9299, GG214, GG446, GG763, and GG447 sweet corn hybrids at 7, 14, and 28 days after emergence. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE did not reduce plant height, cob size, or yield of any of the sweet corn hybrids tested in this study. Based on these results, pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the rates evaluated can be safely used for weed management in Harvest Gold, GH2041, GH9589, GSS9299, GG214, GG446, GG763, and GG447 sweet corn.

Magnitude of Imazethapyr Resistance of Corn (Zea mays) Hybrids with Altered Acetolactate Synthase

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Chae S. Kwon ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
The Public ◽  
Field Corn

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of imazethapyr resistance of field corn hybrids with altered acetolactate synthase (ALS) by comparing the responses of ALS extracted from homozygous and heterozygous resistant corn to nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr. ALS isolated from Pioneer 3162 IR, Pioneer 3180 IR, Pioneer 3377 IR, and Ciba 4393 RSC hybrids was much more resistant to inhibition by these herbicides than ALS from the hybrids Pioneer 3162, Pioneer 3180, Pioneer 3377, and Ciba 4393, and the public inbred LH 74. Corn hybrids heterozygous for the Pioneer resistance gene were intermediate in response to the herbicides. ALS from ICI 8532 IT was resistant to imazethapyr but not to primisulfuron or nicosulfuron. The level of resistance of ALS from ICI 8532 IT was similar to that of ALS from Pioneer 3162 IR x Pioneer 3162 and Pioneer 3180 IR x Pioneer 3180 crosses that were also heterozygous for the resistance gene.

Postemergence-Directed Herbicides Control Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Sweet Corn (Zea mays)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig D. Kleppe ◽  
Robert G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Corn Field ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Thirty-six postemergence-directed (PDIR) herbicide treatments, applied with a precision PDIR sprayer, were evaluated for wild-proso millet (PANMI) control in sweet corn field trials in Wisconsin from 1987 to 1990. The performance of butylate and cyanazine (B + C), applied to suppress PANMI early in the season and to provide a height differential between corn and PANMI, greatly influenced PANMI control with PDIR treatments. PDIR treatments controlled PANMI greater than 90% when PANMI was effectively suppressed by B + C, but poor PANMI suppression reduced PDIR herbicide efficacy. Generally, PDIR treatments of paraquat or sethoxydim most effectively controlled PANMI. Paraquat alone at 545 g ha–1or combined with simazine or sethoxydim at 57 and 114 g ha–1, and sethoxydim at 170 and 227 g ha–1plus an adjuvant controlled PANMI greater than 95%. PDIR applications of ametryn, linuron, sethoxydim at 57 to 227 g ha–1alone, sethoxydim at less than 114 g ha–1plus an adjuvant, and sethoxydim at 114 g ha–1tank mixed with either of four other herbicides controlled less than 86% of PANMI. Tank mixing a photosynthetic inhibitor or sethoxydim with paraquat did not improve PANMI control compared with paraquat alone. PANMI control with sethoxydim plus an adjuvant at 114 g ha–1was similar to 227 g ha–1. There was no difference in PANMI control with sethoxydim applied with crop oil concentrate or BCH-815. With the exception of glyphosate at 318 g ha–1and sethoxydim at 227 g ha–1plus an adjuvant, PDIR treatments did not injure sweet corn in 1987, 1988, or 1990. However, sethoxydim in 1989 at all rates severely injured corn.

Soil Persistence of Napropamide

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Romanowski ◽  
A. Borowy
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Root Bioassay

The persistence of napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] applied at 2.24- and 4.48-kg/ha was studied for 2 yr at two locations in the field. Wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Arthur 71′) was severely injured when sown in the fall following a spring application of napropamide. A wheat root bioassay also showed that napropamide was persistent for more than 180 days. The yield of sweet corn (Zea maysL. var.rugosaBonaf. ‘Gold Cup’) was not significantly reduced when grown 1 yr after the initial application of napropamide.

Effect of imazethapyr and imazamox soil residues on several vegetable crops grown in Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Sullivan ◽  
R. J. Thomas ◽  
W. J. Bouw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

Use of imidazolinone herbicides has often resulted in carryover effects on sensitive rotational crops. The effect of soil residues of imazethapyr and imazamox on several vegetable crops grown in rotation with soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) was investigated over a 5-yr period in southern Ontario. Imazethapyr at 0, 100 and 200 g a.i. ha–1 was applied preemergence to soybean from 1991 to 1993. Imazethapyr at 0 and 100 g a.i. ha−1 and imazamox at 35 g a.i. ha−1 was applied postemergence to soybean in 1994 and 1995. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were planted each spring, 1 and 2 yr following preemergence imazethapyr application and 1 yr following postemergence imazethapyr and imazamox application. Potato and sweet corn showed visual injury symptoms 1 yr after preemergence imazethapyr application in 2 of 3 yr while cabbage, tomato and cucumber showed visual injury symptoms all 3 yr. Minor visual injury symptoms did not reduce yields. Cabbage was the most sensitive to imazethapyr soil residues. Cabbage yields were reduced in 2 of 3 yr, due to carryover residues from 100 and 200 g ha−1 of imazethapyr applied the previous year. Tomato and potato also showed yield reductions in 2 of 3 yr due to imazethapyr soil residues. The degree of injury and yield reduction was influenced by soil pH and soil moisture. There were no yield reductions for any crop 2 yr after imazethapyr application. Imazamox soil residues were less injurious than imazethapyr soil residues to vegetable crops grown in rotation and resulted in only minor visual injury symptoms and no yield reductions on tomato, potato or cabbage. Key words: Crop tolerance, yield, rotation, herbicide carryover

Effect of Nicosulfuron Applied Postemergence and Post-Directed on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren K. Robinson ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Height Reduction

In 1991 and 1993, tolerance of ‘Zenith’ and ‘Merit’ sweet corn to 35 g ai/ha nicosulfuron post-directed (PDIR) 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm up the corn stalk or applied POST was determined. In 1991, nicosulfuron applied POST to Zenith caused approximately 30% visible injury, 30% height reduction, and 50% reduction of U.S. No. 1 marketable ear weight. In 1991 no visible injury was observed in the PDIR treatments. Zenith was not injured by any treatment in 1993. Both years, Merit was killed by nicosulfuron applied POST. In 1991 and 1993, nicosulfuron PDIR 0 and 5 cm up the corn stalk of Merit caused approximately 5% and 65% visible injury, respectively, and resulted in yield loss. PDIR application increased nicosulfuron tolerance of moderately tolerant Zenith but did not improve that of least tolerant Merit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document