Regional Seminar on the Protection and Safeguard of the Church's Cultural Heritage Objects Held in Mexico City September 29—October 1 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-418
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Sánchez Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Regional Seminar ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Illicit Trafficking

As an UNESCO initiative, Mexico was chosen as the country to host a seminar about the illicit trafficking of religious cultural objects. This problem is severe in the region and the idea was received with great enthusiasm by all.

Part II Substantive Aspects, Ch.10 Grasping the Nettle of Illicit Export, Import, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Objects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyllon Folarin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
African Countries ◽  
International Effort ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Illicit Trafficking

This chapter studies the illegal import, export, and transfer of ownership of movable cultural objects. Illicit trafficking in cultural property has been going on for decades. The exponential increase in the 1960s raised concern, and this coincided with the wave of independence being granted to several African countries and Asian countries. Codes of ethics and international treaties are two important elements of the current, major international effort to prevent the damage caused by the illegal trade in cultural objects that continue to blossom. Another key element is increased globalization of cultural heritage law. Finally, the creation of national cultural heritage police units by all countries is very important.

scholarly journals POLITIK HUKUM CAGAR BUDAYA DALAM PERLINDUNGAN IDENTITAS BANGSA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-492
Author(s):  
Hafidz Putra Arifin
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

The 1945 Constitution contain a ruling obligating the government to protect and preserve all cultural objects, manifestation of the nation’s culture, as cultural heritage.  It is conceded that the political will as reflected in regulations made from time to time on the protection of the nation’s cultural heritage are oriented towards preservation of the Indonesian identity and furthering social welfare. In reality however, cultural heritage objects are vulnerable to looting, willful destruction or lack of care. Using a juridical normative method, the author shall examine existing rules and regulation regarding protection of cultural heritage.  One important finding from this research is that low quality of cultural heritage protection is the result of low societal understanding of the importance of cultural heritage in the making of the national identity.

scholarly journals The Changing Tide of Title to Cultural Heritage Objects in UK Museums

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 229-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Moral Claims ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

Abstract:UK museums are required to present themselves as the ethical guardians rather than simply the owners of their collections (Museums Association Code of Ethics principles 1.0 and 1.3). Museums which are members of the International Council of Museums are required, when acquiring objects for their collections, to ensure that they obtain valid title, rather than simply strict legal title, to the object (ICOM Code of Ethics, principle 2.2). This notion of valid title focuses on the relationship between the current possessor (the museum) and the object. However, one can also see the concept of claimants having moral claims to cultural heritage objects developing in the context of the notion of the “rightful owner” which is a term increasingly deployed to signify the person who has a valid moral, rather than legal, claim to the cultural heritage object (Seventh Report of the Culture Media and Sport Select Committee 1999-2000 [193]).Since 2000 the UK has introduced mechanisms to resolve, in limited circumstances, moral claims to cultural objects of which their owners were dispossessed during the Nazi era. This paper analyses the way in which a concept of moral title can be seen to have developed in the context of the resolution of Nazi era claims by the UK’s Spoliation Advisory Panel. To this end the paper analyses: how far the moral entitlement is linked with the legal title to the object; and whether moral title arises from the morally abhorrent dispossession that befell the claimant or his ancestor or whether it results from the recommendation of the Spoliation Advisory Panel. It is argued that the development of the notion of moral title poses challenges for the future, but an understanding of its role may also inform the resolution of disputes involving cultural heritage objects outside the context of the Nazi era.

The Law Governing Cultural Heritage in Italy: Universal Values Versus National Cultural Identity

Global Jurist ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Casertano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Illicit Trafficking ◽  
Cultural Internationalism

AbstractTaking the move from the theories of cultural internationalism and nationalism, some problematic issues that hamper the creation of an effective, common legal regime of protection against illicit trafficking of cultural objects, are analysed in the light of UNESCO 70 and UNIDROIT 95 together with the case of Italy as a paradigmatic example. In this context, absent an effective common legal framework,

scholarly journals Book Review: Managing Digital Cultural Objects: Analysis, Discovery, and Retrieval

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Anne Washington
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Cultural Heritage ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

Over the past twenty years, libraries, archives, museums, and other institutions have made hundreds of thousands of digitized and born digital cultural heritage objects available online. This momentum is not likely to slow anytime soon. Digitization programs continue to convert analog media, and efforts are ramping up to procure and preserve born digital material. While discussion of technical specifications and skills to support these processes are critical, there is a growing body of research beyond these topics. Some scholars and practitioners have turned their attention towards theory, assessment, and innovative analysis and Managing Digital Cultural Objects: Analysis, Discovery, and Retrieval adds to this conversation.

scholarly journals Stolen Heritage Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage in the EU and the MENA Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Traviglia ◽  
Lucio Milano ◽  
Cristina Tonghini ◽  
Riccardo Giovanelli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Archaeological Areas ◽  
Artistic Assets ◽  
Illicit Trafficking

It is a well-known fact that organized crime has developed into an international network that, spanning from the simple ‘grave diggers’ up to powerful and wealthy white-collar professionals, makes use of money laundering, fraud and forgery. This criminal chain, ultimately, damages and dissipates our cultural identity and, in some cases, even fosters terrorism or civil unrest through the illicit trafficking of cultural property.The forms of ‘possession’ of Cultural Heritage are often blurred; depending on the national legislation of reference, the ownership and trade of historical and artistic assets of value may be legitimate or not. Criminals have always exploited these ambiguities and managed to place on the Art and Antiquities market items resulting from destruction or looting of museums, monuments and archaeological areas. Thus, over the years, even the most renowned museum institutions have - more or less consciously - hosted in their showcases cultural objects of illicit origin. Looting, thefts, illicit trade, and clandestine exports are phenomena that affect especially those countries rich in historical and artistic assets. That includes Italy, which has seen its cultural heritage plundered over the centuries ending up in public and private collections worldwide.This edited volume features ten papers authored by international experts and professionals actively involved in Cultural Heritage protection. Drawing from the experience of the Conference Stolen Heritage (Venice, December 2019), held in the framework of the NETCHER project, the book focuses on illicit trafficking in Cultural Property under a multidisciplinary perspective.The articles look at this serious issue and at connected crimes delving into a variety of fields. The essays especially expand on European legislation regulating import, export, trade and restitution of cultural objects; conflict antiquities and cultural heritage at risk in the Near and Middle East; looting activities and illicit excavations in Italy; the use of technologies to counter looting practices.The volume closes with two papers specifically dedicated to the thorny ethical issues arising from the publication of unprovenanced archaeological objects, and the relevance of accurate communication and openness about such topics.

scholarly journals Preliminary observations on the use of low temperatures in the cultural heritage protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Reguzzi ◽  
S. Gariboldi ◽  
E. Chiappini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Temperature Optima

Each insect species has different temperature optima: the more this parameter deviates from these values the more the insect suffers negative consequences, up to the death. Temperature can be easily editable. Therefore, the application of low temperatures may represent a physical method for the protection of valuable cultural objects, alternative, for example, to chemical ones. In this paper we report laboratory tests results, carried out on <em>Trogoderma inclusum</em> LeConte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), a species harmful to leather items such as bindings of books and mummies, in order to reach its control by applying low temperatures. The tests were conducted using specimens obtained from laboratorybreeding blocks maintained at 27 &plusmn; 2&deg;C and 75 &plusmn; 5% R.H., in a temperaturecontrolled room of the Institute of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Piacenza. The aim of the tests was to determine the time necessary to obtain the total mortality of the different instars of development at temperatures of -10&deg;C and -20&deg;C. The insects, in the various instars of development of egg, larva, pupa and adult, were treated with low temperatures in two different ways: - inserting the Petri dishes containing the insects directly in the freezer without any protection, in order to obtain an immediate lowering of the temperature, and - inserting the Petri dish in a niche carved in an old book so that the lowering of the temperature is gradual. In some cases the insects were kept at +4&deg;C for a time before the test to determine whether exposure to low temperature before treatment could induce a resistance to it. The results show that the method can be validly applied for cultural heritage objects protection, attacked by the species concerned.

scholarly journals SECURITY OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF HOSPITAL COMPLEX OF SAINT-PETERSBURG

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
A. V. MIKHAILOV
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Urban Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

The paper concerns the preservation of the cultural heritage objects and their adaptation to modern usage which highly depends on their unique properties and the adaption process. Research into and systematization of the cultural heritage are necessary to create a flexible system of adaptation and preservation specificity of the cultural heritage and ensure the sustainable development in this field. The purpose this work is to systematize the existing cultural heritage objects, analyze their components, and classify according their types. The typology of the main characteristics of cultural heritage objects is based on these data to propose a hypothesis of the components to be protected for each type of cultural objects. The paper concern is the definition of the components to be protected in accordance with the current legislation on the cultural heritage preservation, such as a hospital complex in Saint-Petersburg. The hospital complex infrastructure includes administrative buildings, prosecutorial, mortuary, pharmacies, apartments for doctors, poorhouses. Their spatial structure and architecture composition reflect their specific functions on the one hand, and esthetic, architectural and urban characteristics on the other. The analysis is given to the publications on this issue and the integrated systematization of the components to be protected is proposed, including more or less problematic aspects, such as urban planning and intangible dimensions. The hospital complex components are proposed for the protection taking into account their characteristics, location in the urban environment, compositional components, visual directions and intangible characteristics.

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