scholarly journals Longitudinal study of rotavirus infections among children from Belém, Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Linhares ◽  
Y. B. Gabbay ◽  
R. B. Freitas ◽  
E. S. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
J. D. P. Mascarenhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
First Year ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Complete Investigation ◽  
Rotavirus Infections ◽  
Breast Fed

SUMMARYFrom December 1982 to March 1986 a group of 80 children between 0 and 3 years old who lived in the peripheral area of Belém, Brazil, were followed up for episodes of diarrhoea. A total of 441 diarrhoeal episodes were recorded and 36 (8·2%) were associated with rotavirus. This agent was the only pathogen in 50% of rotavirus-related episodes of acute diarrhoea, and strains were characterized by analysis of RNA in polyacrylamide gels. Forty-one belonged to subgroup II (long pattern) and five to subgroup I. Reinfections by rotavirus were noted in 12 children involving either the same or different subgroups. Ten distinct electrophoretypes were detected in the study period and the predominant one had the ‘1N2L’ profile. The cumulative age-specific attack rate for diarrhoea reached 2–8 by the end of the first year of life; a frequency of 2–3 episodes of diarrhoea per child per year was observed throughout the complete investigation. In comparing the age-specific attack rates for diarrhoea between breast-fed and bottle-fed children, a peak at 6 months of age was noted in the former, and at 1 month in the latter. A comparison by Fischer's exact test (P = 0·21) provided no evidence for protection against clinical rotavirus disease by maternal milk. By the same test, however (P = 0·021), we found significant evidence that early rotavirus infections were more likely to be asymptomatic and that infections after 4 months were more likely to be symptomatic. The clinical picture in children with rotavirus-related diarrhoea was more severe than in those suffering from acute diarrhoea due to another agent.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of human rotaviruses: Analysis of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Glasgow and the west of Scotland 1981/82 and 1982/83

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. C. Follett ◽  
R. C. Sanders ◽  
G. M. Beards ◽  
Fiona Hundley ◽  
U. Desselberger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
The West ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Winter Peak ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

SUMMARYThe molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections in Glasgow and the west of Scotland during 1981/82 and 1982/83 was investigated by electron microscopy, ELISA testing and RNA migration pattern analysis. In 1981/82, rotaviruses of both the ‘long’ and the ‘short’ electropherotype (in different variants) co-circulated from the onset throughout the winter peak of the outbreak. Approximately 80 % of the children were infected during the first year of life. No differences in incidence were found between sexes. In 1982/83 the isolated rotaviruses were almost exclusively of the ‘long’ electropherotype (in different variants) and 36% of the children were infected beyond the first year of life. Rotaviruses of the ‘long’ electropherotype serologically were of subgroup II and serotype 1 and those of the ‘short’ electropherotype of subgroup I and serotype 2.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status as an Important Factor in the Health Status of the Adult

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
J.H.P. Jonxis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Western World ◽  
First Year ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Breast Fed

Malnutrition in the first year of life may cause permanent damage to the individual. There may be a permanent retardation in growth if the malnutrition is a serious one and the food intake is severely insufficient over a longer, period. Specially when malnutrition occurs in the first months after birth, it may cause damage to the central nervous system.As long as the breast-fed child gets enough breastmilk, it is unlikely that serious problems  arise. The declinein feeding in many developing countries is a serious problem, especially because the alternatives for human milk are not always available, owing to economic factors. In the, countries of the Western world there exists just, the opposite problem owing to partial over-nutrition abnormalities in fat metabolism may occur, which may influence the health of the individual later on in life.

Diarrhea in Breast-Fed and Non-Breast-Fed Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-925
Author(s):  
Alice H. Cushing ◽  
Linda Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Colonization Factor ◽  
Fecal Carriage ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Breast Fed

During the first year of life a group of babies was prospectively observed for diarrhea and for fecal carriage of heat-labile toxigenic bacteria, with or without colonization factor, and rotavirus. Approximately half of the babies were breast-fed for the first six months of life. There was no difference between groups (breast-fed vs non-breast-fed) in number of babies who had diarrhea during any two-month period. Nor was there any difference between groups in the number of babies who had diarrhea while carrying toxigenic bacteria, with or without colonization factor. Secretory antibody to toxin was found in 37% of colostrum and milk samples. There was a small but insignificant difference in the number of babies who had diarrhea when they carried toxigenic bacteria depending on the presence of antibody in the breast milk they received.

Longitudinal analysis of the salivary metabolome of breast-fed and formula-fed infants over the first year of life

Metabolomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Neyraud ◽  
Camille Schwartz ◽  
Hélène Brignot ◽  
Isabelle Jouanin ◽  
Marie Tremblay-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Breast Fed

scholarly journals Energy utilization and growth in breast-fed and formula-fed infants measured prospectively during the first year of life

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C de Bruin ◽  
H J Degenhart ◽  
S Gàl ◽  
K R Westerterp ◽  
T Stijnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Utilization ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Breast Fed

Determinants of Growth From Birth to 12 Months Among Breast-Fed Honduran Infants in Relation to Age of Introduction of Complementary Foods

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Roberta J. Cohen ◽  
Kenneth H. Brown ◽  
Judy Canahuati ◽  
Leonardo Landa Rivera ◽  
Kathryn G. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
First Year ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
The Us ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Breast Fed

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of introducing complementary foods to exclusively breast-fed infants at 4 vs 6 months on growth from 6 to 12 months, and to compare growth patterns of Honduran infants with those of breast-fed infants in the United States. Design. Randomized intervention trial from 4 to 6 months and longitudinal study of infants from birth to 12 months. Setting. Low-income communities in San Pedro Sula, Honduras. Subjects. Primiparous, breast-feeding mothers and their infants (n = 141) recruited from public maternity hospitals. Intervention. Infants were randomly assigned to exclusive breast-feeding to 6 months, or exclusive breast-feeding with addition of hygienically prepared, nutritionally adequate complementary foods at 4 months, with or without maintenance of baseline breast-feeding frequency. After 6 months, mothers continued to breast-feed and also fed their infants home-prepared foods after receiving instruction in appropriate feeding practices. Outcome Measures. Infant weight was measured monthly during the first year of life and infant length monthly from 4 to 12 months. Statistical Analysis. Growth parameters were compared between the Honduran and US cohorts using multiple-regression and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify determinants of infant growth. Results. There were no differences in growth patterns by intervention group. Mean birth weight of the Honduran infants was significantly less than that of a cohort of breast-fed infants in an affluent US population (n = 46) (2889 ± 482 vs 3611 ± 509 g), but the Honduran infants exhibited rapid catch up in weight in the first few months of life, and the cohorts were similar in weight by 3 months. Mean weight and length gain were similar to those of the US cohort from 4 to 9 months but were lower from 9 to 12 months. Mean length for age was significantly less than that of the US cohort from 4 to 12 months; this was attributable to the difference in maternal height (12 cm shorter in Honduras on average). Within the Honduran cohort, growth velocity of low birth weight infants (<2500 g; n = 28) was similar to that of their normal birth weight peers; thus, the former subgroup remained smaller than the latter throughout the first year of life. Conclusions. In poor populations, when breast-feeding is exclusive for the first 4 to 6 months, continues from 6 to 12 months, and is accompanied by generally adequate complementary foods, faltering in weight does not occur before 9 months among infants born with birth weights of more than 2500 g.

Medical Research Council Special Report Series No. 296. Weight Gains, Serum Protein Levels, and Health of Breast-fed and Artificially-fed Infants. A Clinical and Biochemical Study Based on 946 Infants and Children at The Mother's Hospital (Salvation Army) and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1042
Author(s):  
SAMUEL J. FOMON
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Salvation Army ◽  
Queen Elizabeth Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Breast Fed

Longitudinal observation of weight grains and concentrations of protein in the serum of 744 infants (521 full-term and 223 premature) are presented in considerable detail. The presentation of the data well illustrates the complexities of analysis of data concerning gain in weight in the first year of life. Data concerning growth in length are not presented. Premature infants receiving a formula of ½-skimmed cow's milk with added carbohydrate gained weight more rapidly than did those fed human milk. The difference was greatest with respect to infants with lowest birth weights.

Breast-Feeding and Infectious Illness, Power and Confidence Intervals

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1080
Author(s):  
JUDY HOPKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infectious Illness ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breast Fed

The article "Relationship Between Infant Feeding and Infectious Illness: A Prospective Study of Infants During the First Year of Life" by Rubin et al in the April issue of Pediatrics was provocative. Like Mulford, I too am concerned about the definitions of breast-feeding used in the study. Breast-feeding and formula-feeding are defined in such a way that the study actually examines the impact of the degree of breast-feeding on health of breast-fed infants. This may be an important issue in Denmark where the incidence of breast-feeding at 1 month is more than 90%.

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