scholarly journals Immunosuppression and mycobacteria other thanMycobacterium tuberculosis: results from patients with and without HIV infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Peters ◽  
D. Schürmann ◽  
A. C. Mayr ◽  
R. Hetzer ◽  
H. D. Pohle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

SUMMARYInfections caused by mycobacteria other thanMycobacterium tuberculosis(MOTT) have often been described as common in AIDS patients. To evaluate whether infections with MOTT are specific for HIV related immunosuppression or are also frequent in patients with immunosuppression of different aetiology, data on the frequency of isolation from immunosuppressed patients with HIV infection are important. Blood, stool and urine specimens from 134 patients with non-HIV related immunosuppression, and from 55 immunocompetent subjects were examined for mycobacteria. MOTT have been isolated from one immunocompetent person but from none of the immunosuppressed patients. Since in AIDS patients an initial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) with MOTT is common, GI-tract biopsy specimens from an additional 80 patients were examined microscopically and histologically for mycobacteria. Mycobacteria were not isolated from these specimens.In the same period of time 72 AIDS patients have been examined: 7 (10%) had infections withM. tuberculosiswhereas MOTT have been isolated from 16 (22%) of these patients. Mycobacteria have been found only rarely in immunocompetent patients and have not been isolated from patients with non-HIV related immunosuppression. The isolation of MOTT is highly correlated with an HIV-related immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Toxicokinetics of Aflatoxin in Pregnant Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim A. Bastaki ◽  
Nawal Osman ◽  
Jose Kochiyil ◽  
Mohamed Shafiullah ◽  
Rengasamy Padmanabhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Highly Correlated

Our objective was to study the toxicokinetics of aflatoxin (AF) in pregnant mice. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was administered intraperitoneally (IP) to groups of pregnant mice in single doses of 20 mg/kg on gestation day (GD) 13 and orally at the same gestational age. Controls received (IP and oral) a proportionate volume of solvent only. Maternal blood was collected at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes posttreatment. Their AFB1 contents were determined. Aflatoxin B1 concentrations following maternal exposure to AFB1 were highly correlated with time after exposure. The serum concentrations were predictable and the highest serum levels were seen immediately at 15 minutes in mice given AFs IP and at 30 minutes in those given it orally. The absorption was 5.0 μg/min and elimination was 3.0 μg/min. The toxicokinetics of AFB1 have been delineated. Aflatoxins are easily and rapidly absorbed both from the gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract and through the peritoneum.

scholarly journals Biology of Isospora spp. from humans, nonhuman primates, and domestic animals.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Lindsay ◽  
J P Dubey ◽  
B L Blagburn
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Sexual Stages ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Coccidial parasites of the genus Isospora cause intestinal disease in several mammalian host species. These protozoal parasites have asexual and sexual stages within intestinal cells of their hosts and produce an environmentally resistant cyst stage, the oocyst. Infections are acquired by the ingestion of infective (sporulated) oocysts in contaminated food or water. Some species of mammalian Isospora have evolved the ability to use paratenic (transport) hosts. In these cases, infections can be acquired by ingestion of an infected paratenic host. Human intestinal isosporiasis is caused by Isospora belli. Symptoms of I. belli infection in immunocompetent patients include diarrhea, steatorrhea, headache, fever, malaise, abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss, blood is not usually present in the feces. The disease is often chronic, with parasites present in the feces or biopsy specimens for several months to years. Recurrences are common, Symptoms are more severe in AIDS patients, with the diarrhea being more watery. Extraintestinal stages of I. belli have been observed in AIDS patients but not immunocompetent patients. Treatment of I. belli infection with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole usually results in a rapid clinical response. Maintenance treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is needed because relapses often occur once treatment is stopped.

scholarly journals Verrucose tuberculosis cutis associated with chronic monoartritis of knee in a patient with HIV infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Raul Montalvo Otivo ◽  
Jean Piere Ramirez Alfaro ◽  
Raul Gomez Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Good Clinical Response ◽  
Atypical Form ◽  
Positive Analysis ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

<p>Bone component involvement is an atypical form of extrapulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis and it is rare that it previously affects the skin, its diagnosis is difficult. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a component of the cell walls of mycobacteria, present in some people with active tuberculosis, the test is simple and shows results in twenty minutes, but is not validated in immunocompetent patients. We present the case of a 65 year old man, diagnosed with verrucous tuberculosis and subsequent tuberculous monoarthritis of the left knee with positive analysis of lipoarabinomannan in urine and ELISA for non-reactive HIV with a good clinical response to the treatment of tuberculosis.</p>

scholarly journals Seasonality of Non-SARS, Non-MERS Coronaviruses and the Impact of Meteorological Factors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Olympia E. Anastasiou ◽  
Anika Hüsing ◽  
Johannes Korth ◽  
Fotis Theodoropoulos ◽  
Christian Taube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Background: Seasonality is a characteristic of some respiratory viruses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seasonality and the potential effects of different meteorological factors on the detection rate of the non-SARS coronavirus detection by PCR. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 12,763 respiratory tract sample results (288 positive and 12,475 negative) for non-SARS, non-MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1). The effect of seven single weather factors on the coronavirus detection rate was fitted in a logistic regression model with and without adjusting for other weather factors. Results: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern peaking from December to March and plunged from July to September. The seasonal effect was less pronounced in immunosuppressed patients compared to immunocompetent patients. Different automatic variable selection processes agreed on selecting the predictors temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover and precipitation as remaining predictors in the multivariable logistic regression model, including all weather factors, with low ambient temperature, low relative humidity, high cloud cover and high precipitation being linked to increased coronavirus detection rates. Conclusions: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern, which was more pronounced in immunocompetent patients compared to immunosuppressed patients. Several meteorological factors were associated with the coronavirus detection rate. However, when mutually adjusting for all weather factors, only temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and cloud cover contributed independently to predicting the coronavirus detection rate.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Virus Manifestations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
André Jefremow ◽  
Markus F. Neurath
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Lung Failure ◽  
Novel Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> About 1 year ago a novel virus – SARS-CoV-2 – began to spread around the world. It can lead to the disease COVID-19, which has caused more than 1 million deaths already. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> While it was first recognized as a disease leading to pneumonia and lung failure, we know by now that COVID-19 is more complex. COVID-19 is a systemic hyperinflammatory disease affecting not only the lungs, but also many other organs. Especially the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is often involved in COVID-19. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> This review provides an overview of the different affected organs of the GI tract and offers information on how gastroenterologists should take care of their patients with different GI disorders.

Correlation between total and CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV infection: not making the good an enemy of the not so perfect

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Beck ◽  
E J Kupek ◽  
M M Gompels ◽  
A J Pinching
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
T Cell Subset ◽  
Total Lymphocyte ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation and average cost of total lymphocyte count compared with CD4 count as a broad estimate of immunosuppression in HIV-1 infected individuals. Spearman's partial rank correlation were calculated between total lymphocyte count, absolute CD4 count and CD4 per cent stratified by stage of HIV-1 infection for routinely collected samples. Data were collected prospectively from a T cell-subset register combined with clinical data obtained retrospectively from case notes of HIV-infected patients managed at St Mary's Hospital, London 1982-1991. Costing data were obtained through a survey of the departments of haematology and immunology 1989 90 prices . The correlation between 1534 paired absolute lymphocyte count and CD4 lymphocyte count was found to be high R 0.76 . When analysed by stage of HIV infection, the correlation increased from R 0.64 for asymptomatic patients, to R 0.72 for patients with symptomatic non-AIDS HIV infection and R 0.73 for AIDS patients. Correlations between absolute lymphocyte count and CD4 per cent were considerably weaker: R 0.41 all paired counts; R 0.32 for asymptomatic patients; R 0.25 for symptomatic non-AIDS patients; R 0.32 for AIDS patients. Average cost was 8 per full blood count compared with 38 per T-cell subset analysis. The high correlation between total and CD4 lymphocyte counts, especially for patients with symptomatic HIV disease, demonstrates the suitability of the use of total lymphocyte count in the absence of CD4 counts. Given the considerably lower prices of total lymphocyte counts compared with T-cell subset analysis, this is particularly relevant for developing countries.

Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Thymus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payal Kapur ◽  
Dinesh Rakheja ◽  
Michael Bastasch ◽  
Kyle H. Molberg ◽  
Venetia R. Sarode
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anterior Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Thymic Neoplasm

Abstract Primary thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma is extremely rare; to our knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported to date. We describe a third case of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the thymus in a 41-year-old man who presented with an anterior mediastinal mass with subsequent metastasis to the lung. The initial diagnosis was of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma, but extensive clinical workup of the patient failed to reveal a primary tumor elsewhere in the body. The specific identification of mucinous adenocarcinoma as a primary thymic neoplasm can be difficult or impossible. Morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities to mucinous adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract can pose diagnostic challenges for surgical pathologists, especially in small biopsy specimens.

scholarly journals Prostatic tuberculosis: case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sáenz-Abad ◽  
Santiago Letona-Carbajo ◽  
José Luis de Benito-Arévalo ◽  
Isabel Sanioaquín-Conde ◽  
Francisco José Ruiz-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

CONTEXT: Tuberculosis of the prostate has mainly been described in immunocompromised patients. However, it can exceptionally be found as an isolated lesion in immunocompetent patients. CASE REPORT: We report a case of prostatic tuberculosis in a young, healthy and immunocompetent patient with unremarkable findings from intravenous urographic examination. Computed tomography showed an abscess in the prostate and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in a urine culture. Treatment with isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide was successful.

scholarly journals Gambaran leukosit urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingkan C. Pasuhuk ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Mayer Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Consuming the anti-tuberculosis medicine such as streptomycin and rifampicin will cause nephrotoxic effect. In kidney disfunction especially the glomeruli, the number of leukocytes in the urine increase. The most common urinalysis tests are chemical test and microscopic test, especially the leukocyte urine test. These tests can be used to detect the kidney disfunction and the urinary tract infection. In normal urine, the result of the dipstick test is negative, and the result of microscopic test is 0-5/HPF. This study was aimed to obtain the description of leukocyte urinalysis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an observational descriptive study conducted in October-November 2016 at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Samples were random urine specimens that met the predefined criteria. The results showed that based on the urinalysis, of 30 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients had negative results and 3 patients had positive results. Conclusion: There was no relationship between urine leucocyte and pulmonary tuberculosis in adult patients.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, urinalysis, urine leukocyte Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Obat anti-tuberkulosis seperti streptomisn dan rifampisin memiliki efek nefrotoksik. Kerusakan ginjal terutama glomerulus dapat menimbulkan peningkatan leukosit dalam urin. Metode urinalisis yang sering digunakan yaitu uji kimia/ carik-celup dan mikroskopik. Pemeriksaan leukosit urin dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya gangguan pada ginjal dan infeksi saluran kemih. Pada urin normal hasil pemeriksaan dipstick negatif dan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik urin 0-5 leukosit/LPB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran leukosit urin pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dan dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-November 2016 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel urin sewaktu dari semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil urinalisis dari 30 pasien terdiagnosis penyakit tuberkulosis paru mendapatkan 27 pasien dengan hasil negatif dan 3 pasien dengan hasil positif. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara leukosit urin dengan tuberkulosis paru dewasa. Kata kunci: TB paru, urinalisis, leukosit urin

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