scholarly journals A serologically confirmed, case-control study, of a large outbreak of hepatitis a in China, associated with consumption of clams

1991 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. Tang ◽  
J. X. Wang ◽  
Z. Y. Xu ◽  
Y. F. Guo ◽  
W. H. Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group Stratification ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYA matched and serologically confirmed case-control study was carried out to investigate the source of an outbreak of acute hepatitis involving 290000 cases in the suburbs of Shanghai, in January 1988. A total of 132 patients with acute hepatitis from six different hospitals were chosen as cases and the same number of control patients without hepatitis were matched for gender, age, admission date and area of residence. Serum specimens from both case and control patients were detected for specific anti-hepatitis A (HA) IgM antibody and a questionnaire was used to investigate probable risk factors related to the outbreak. The positive rate of anti-HA IgM was 98·48% in the case group and only 0·76% in the control, indicating that the infection was caused by HA virus. The results revealed that the source and mode of transmission were due to the consumption of contaminated and inadequately cooked clams (Anadara subcrenata lischke). There was a highly positive dose-response relationship between the odds ratio of contracting HA and the quantity or frequency of clam consumption. The odds ratios of acquiring HA from clams were up to 62·4–63·4 by both group stratification and multiple unconditional logistic regression analyses.

A Case-Control Study on the p73 G4A Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in an Iranian Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab TAVAKKOL AFSHARI ◽  
Zahra GHOLIZADEH ◽  
Amin Reza NIKPOOR ◽  
Jalil TAVAKKOL AFSHARI ◽  
Rashin GANJALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Background: The tumor protein p73 (TP73) is a homolog of TP53 family. Ectopic p73 overexpression largely mimics p53 activities as a tumor suppressor and activates the transcription of p53-responsive genes and as a result induce apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 105 patients who admitted in educational hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran during 2013-2015, with breast cancer as case group and 120 healthy women as the control group. PCR-CTPP method was used to investigate the relationship between the p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer. Results: There was no significant association between the AA genotype of the p73 G4A polymorphism and breast cancer in case and control groups. Although G allele frequency was higher in the case group, the abundance of this allele between case and control groups was not statistically meaningful and, as a result, not associated with the risk of breast cancer in this study group. Conclusion: There was no association between G4A p73 polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population.  

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Kumari ◽  
Sony Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Aim: to evaluate quality of life in primary open angle glaucoma patients using a standard questionnaire. Material and methods: The present prospective case-control study was conducted in the department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. The study included 200 subjects who were divided into (case group n=100) and (control group n=100). Quality of life was assessed using Glaucoma Quality Of Life-15 Questionnaire (GQOL-15).   Results: Mean age of patients in case group (n=100) and control group (n=100) was 57.97 years, and 57.84 years respectively. Overall QOL score was significantly between the two groups (p<0001). QOL score increases as the Glaucoma Severity score increases. Conclusion: QOL of patients with glaucoma was found poor as compared to control group. It showed a clear trend of worsening QOL scores with increasing severity of disease. Keywords: Glaucoma, Quality of life, QOL-15

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis A Infection in Korea in 2007 and 2009: A Case-Control Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Youn Seo ◽  
Bo Youl Choi ◽  
Moran Ki ◽  
Hye Lim Jang ◽  
Hee Suk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS DI SMP DARUL HIJRAH PUTRI MARTAPURA: CASE CONTROL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Sovia Yunida ◽  
Kurnia Rachmawati ◽  
Musafaah Musafaah
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Pediculosis Capitis ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRAKPediculosis capitis adalah infestasi yang disebabkan oleh pediculus humanus var. capitis dan merupakan masalah kesehatan anak-anak yang tinggal di asrama. Sampai saat ini penelitian tentang hal yang menyebabkan kutu kepala masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pediculosis capitis pada anak-anak yang tinggal di asrama. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus kontrol, pada siswi SMP pondok pesantren dan dilakukan tanggal 09 Desember 2015. Responden dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kasus (n=48) dan kelompok kontrol (n=48). Pemeriksaan kutu kepala dilakukan menggunakan sisir bergigi rapat dan respon pasien dicatat dalam lembar checklist. Hasil penelitian tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor-faktor risiko yaitu panjang rambut (p=0,321), frekuensi mencuci rambut dalam seminggu (p=0,117), berbagi sisir (p=0,301), berbagi handuk (p=1,000), berbagi penutup kepala (kerudung) (p=0,323), kebiasaan tidur atau penggunaan tempat tidur bersama (p=0,784), dan frekuensi mengganti sprei tempat tidur sekali seminggu (p=0,268), dengan kejadian pediculosis capitis. kesimpulan pada penelitian tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor-faktor dengan kejadian pediculosis capitis, hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor lain yaitu kepadatan hunian.Kata-kata kunci: pediculosis capitis, kutu kepala, faktor risiko.ABSTRACTPediculosis capitis is an infestation caused by pediculus humanus var. capitis and it is one of health problem on children who lived in a dormitory. Unfortunately, recent research about things caused head louse is still limited. The objective was to determine the factors which had correlation with pediculosis capitis incident in children who lived in dormitory. The method of this research used case control study, performed to girl students in SMP Pondok Pesantren on 09 December 2015. Respondents were divided into 2 groups, case group (n=48) and control group (n=48). The examination of head louse was performed using tight-brush comb and patient’s response has written in checklist paper. The result there was no correlation between hair long (p=0,321), frequency of hair washing in a week (p=0,117), shared comb (p=0,301), shared towel (p=1,000), shared head cover (jilbab) (p=0,323), sleep habit or shared bed (p=0,784), and frequency of changing bed cover once a week (p=0,268), with pediculosis capitis incident. It can be concluded this study there was no correlation between factors with pediculosis capitis incidence, this happened maybe because of other factor like occupancy density.Keywords: pediculosis capitis, head louse, risk factor.

scholarly journals Fecal Calprotectin in patients with Infantile Colic: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Khoshnevisasl ◽  
mansour sadeghzadeh ◽  
Neda Mahmoudirad ◽  
Nima Motamed
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Infantile Colic ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Back groundThe precise etiology of infantile colic has not been elucidated after many years of research. In this study, we aimed to determine the association of fecal calprotectin with infantile colic.MethodThis case control study was performed on colicky infants referred to pediatrics clinics in Zanjan over a 6-month period. Infantile colic was clinically defined based on wessel criteria. The control group consisted of healthy infants matched for age, sex, weight, and type of feeding with the case group. Fecal calprotectin levels were measured in both groups by the ELISA method.ResultsForty infants were divided equally into case and control groups. The cases consisted of 11 boys (55%) and 9 girls (45%) with a mean age of 63 days and in the control group there was 12 boys (60%) and 8 girls (40%) with mean age of 48 days. Fecal calprotectin was positive in 17 (85%) cases and 6 (30%) controls. This difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in fecal calprotectin regarding sex, age, weight and type of nutrition in both colicky infants and controlsConclusionFecal calprotectin levels in colicky infants were significantly higher than healthy infants.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽  
Tahia H. Saleem ◽  
Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽  
Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽  
Ashraf Khodaery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

scholarly journals Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽  
Duy Cuong Do ◽  
Xuan Luat Le ◽  
Thi Hai Dinh ◽  
Mats Lindeborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.

scholarly journals Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tobias Hengartner ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Riccardo E. Pfister ◽  
Diane Snyers ◽  
Jane McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of &#x3c;28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, <i>n</i> = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (<i>n</i> = 178, control group). <b><i>Results:</i></b> When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

scholarly journals The role of leukotriene modifying agent treatment in neuropsychiatric events of elderly asthma patients: a nested case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Oh Kang ◽  
Kyung Hyun Min ◽  
Hyun Jeong Kim ◽  
Tae Hyeok Kim ◽  
Woorim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Boxed Warning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration decided that the dangers related to neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) of montelukast, one of the leukotriene modifying agents (LTMAs), should be communicated through ‘boxed warning’. In case of NPEs, the prevalence has been the highest in elderly people. Because the characteristics of the elderly such as old age itself can act as risk factors. Therefore, an investigation on safety of LTMAs related to NPEs in elderly using LTMAs is needed. Method A nested case-control study using an elderly sample cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was used. The asthma cohort included asthma patients newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Within the asthma cohort, the case group was defined as patients who were diagnosed with NPEs. Among patients who had never been diagnosed with NPEs, the control group was selected by matching 1:1 by propensity score. Patients who were prescribed LTMAs for 1 year prior to index date were defined as the exposure group. The logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of LTMAs on NPEs. Results We identified 141,165 patients with newly diagnosed asthma, and selected 31,992 patients per each case and control group. Exposure to LTMAs significantly increased the risk of overall NPEs about in comparison with the absence of exposure (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.50–1.68). After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall NPEs risk increased (adjusted OR, 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.78). Conclusion This study suggests that elderly asthma patients prescribed LTMAs had a higher risk of NPEs than patients who were not treated with LTMAs. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of LTMAs.

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