scholarly journals The detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in cattle, sheep and goats and the possible implications to rinderpest control programmes

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anderson ◽  
J. A. Mckay
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Ppr Virus ◽  
Rinderpest Vaccine

SummaryMonoclonal antibody–based competitive ELISA (C–ELISA) have been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to both rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viruses in cattle, sheep and goats. Examination of serum samples from sheep and goats in Gambia, before and after vaccination with rinderpest vaccine, suggested that antibodies to PPR virus could prevent an immune response to the rinderpest vaccine. Cattle sera from Nigeria and Ghana showed a high prevalence of antibody against PPR virus which may explain the difficulty experienced in some countries in achieving high post-vaccination immunity levels against rinderpest. Because antibodies against PPR virus are both cross–neutralizing and cross-protective against rinderpest virus further vaccination in the presence of antibodies against PPR virus may be a waste of national resources. This paper presents serological evidence for the transmission of PPR virus from sheep and goats to cattle and highlights the need to include PPR serology in the sero-monitoring programme to give a better indication of national herd immunity.

Post-vaccination antibodies profile against Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in sheep and goats of Punjab, Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Khan ◽  
M. Siddique ◽  
M. Arshad ◽  
M. Abubakar ◽  
M. Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ppr Virus

scholarly journals Seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in the northern region of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1573-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan ◽  
Bibitha Varghese ◽  
Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar ◽  
Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan ◽  
R. Dheeraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ppr Virus

Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious, World Organization for Animal Health notifiable, economically important, transboundary morbilliviral disease of sheep and goats. Studying seroprevalence of PPR from different geographical areas under varying agro-climatic conditions may help in formulating effective and appropriate disease control strategies under the ongoing national PPR control program. The present cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of PPR virus antibodies in sheep and goats in the various epidemiological units in different states (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh [HP], Jammu and Kashmir [J&K], Punjab, Uttarakhand [UK], and Uttar Pradesh [UP]) of the northern region of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 5843 serum samples (sheep [n=2463] and goats [n=3380]) were collected by stratified random sampling method from 322 epidemiological units in the studied region during 2017-2018 and tested for PPR virus (PPRV) antibodies by competitive ELISA. Results: The results revealed that an overall seroprevalence of 44.05% (2574/5843) with 57.32%, 55.22%, 65.69%, 37.09%, 32.73%, and 29.35% prevalence of PPRV antibodies in small ruminants in Haryana, Punjab, UP, HP, J&K, and UK states, respectively. Further, Chi-squared test revealed an association of PPRV antibodies in goats (χ2=252.28, p<0.01) and sheep (χ2=192.12, p<0.01) across different states in the region. Conclusion: The seroprevalence in majority of the epidemiological units (n=130) in sheep and goats in the studied region had <30%. This necessitates comprehensive, rigorous, continuous vaccination and active surveillance programs for few more years to achieve the desired 70% seroprevalence level of PPRV antibodies in population and to make the northern region of India, as PPR free zone.

scholarly journals Review of Peste des Petits Ruminants Occurrence and Spread in Tanzania

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Daniel Pius Mdetele ◽  
Erick Komba ◽  
Misago Dimson Seth ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Richard Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important transboundary animal disease of domestic small ruminants, camels, and wild artiodactyls. The disease has significant socio-economic impact on communities that depend on livestock for their livelihood and is a threat to endangered susceptible wild species. The aim of this review was to describe the introduction of PPR to Tanzania and its subsequent spread to different parts of the country. On-line databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature, formal and informal reports were obtained from Tanzanian Zonal Veterinary Investigation Centres and Laboratories, and Veterinary Officers involved with PPR surveillance were contacted. PPR virus (PPRV) was confirmed in northern Tanzania in 2008, although serological data from samples collected in the region in 1998 and 2004, and evidence that the virus was already circulating in Uganda in 2003, suggests that PPRV might have been present earlier than this. It is likely that the virus which became established in Tanzania was introduced from Kenya between 2006–7 through the cross-border movement of small ruminants for trade or grazing resources, and then spread to eastern, central, and southern Tanzania from 2008 to 2010 through movement of small ruminants by pastoralists and traders. There was no evidence of PPRV sero-conversion in wildlife based on sera collected up to 2012, suggesting that they did not play a vectoring or bridging role in the establishment of PPRV in Tanzania. PPRV lineages II, III and IV have been detected, indicating that there have been several virus introductions. PPRV is now considered to be endemic in sheep and goats in Tanzania, but there has been no evidence of PPR clinical disease in wildlife species in Tanzania, although serum samples collected in 2014 from several wild ruminant species were PPRV sero-positive. Similarly, no PPR disease has been observed in cattle and camels. In these atypical hosts, serological evidence indicates exposure to PPRV infection, most likely through spillover from infected sheep and goats. Some of the challenges for PPRV eradication in Tanzania include movements of small ruminants, including transboundary movements, and the capacity of veterinary services for disease surveillance and vaccination. Using wildlife and atypical domestic hosts for PPR surveillance is a useful indicator of endemism and the ongoing circulation of PPRV in livestock, especially during the implementation of vaccination to control or eliminate the disease in sheep and goats. PPR disease has a major socio-economic impact in Tanzania, which justifies the investment in a comprehensive PPRV eradication programme.

scholarly journals Effect of intranasal recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccination on some haematological indices of goats infected with peste des petits ruminants virus

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
OZ Tenuche ◽  
BO Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Ppr Virus ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

There is dearth of information on the haematological changes associated with Mannheimia haemolytica vaccination in goats, hence this report which describes some haematological changes observed following vaccination with intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine in goats naturally infected with peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Twenty one (male, n=11; and female, n=10) goats were assigned to three vaccinated groups (A, B and D) with five goats per group (male: 3, female: 2), while the control group had 6 goats. Group A was vaccinated once intranasally, group B was vaccinated intranasally twice at one week interval and group D was vaccinated intranasally twice at two weeks interval . The control group (C) was not vaccinated. The vaccinated and control groups were challenged by comingling with pneumonic goats to simulate the field experience. PPR virus infection was later diagnosed in all the groups post vaccination. An average of four animals per treatment group in post-vaccination days were bled once weekly for six weeks (every week) to evaluate some haematological changes. The PCV values were within the normal range, while there was a decline in lymphocyte count at week 5, and a steady increase in neutrophil count in group A. In Group B, there was similar decline in lymphocyte count from the sixth week, while in groups C (Control) and D, the lymphocyte count declined at the 7th week, as the neutrophil counts increased. There were no significant changes in monocyte and eosinophil counts. The degree of changes in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts was mild in group B and marked in group D. This study revealed that intranasal vaccination of recombinant Mannheimia  haemolytica vaccine in the presence of PPR virus outbreak results in mild hematological derangement when the goats were vaccinated with  Mannheimia haemolytica bacterin at a week interval.Keywords: Goats, Haematology, Intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica, Peste des Petits Ruminants, Vaccination

scholarly journals Towards eradication of peste des petits ruminants: post-vaccination evaluation in sheep and goats in Southern Peninsular India

VirusDisease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
V. Balamurugan ◽  
B. Varghese ◽  
D. Muthuchelvan ◽  
S. SowjanyaKumari ◽  
K. Vinod Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Sheep And Goats

Multivariate analysis of the megacity population immunity to measles

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Semenenko ◽  
Anna V. Nozdracheva ◽  
Marina N. Asatryan ◽  
Vasilij G. Akimkin ◽  
Aleksey V. Tutelyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The One

Background: The significant reduction of measles and rubella morbidity and child mortality, which allowed WHO to set a target for their elimination by 2010, is one of the finest examples of the vaccine prevention effectiveness in the fight against infectious diseases. However, in the period from 2010 to 2019 there was a controversial situation with respect to measles, characterized by the presence of high vaccination coverage of the population on the one hand, and an increase in the incidence on the other. Obviously, the key point in resolving these contradictions is to analyze the susceptibility of the population. Aim: Of the study was to assess the susceptibility of Moscow population to measles in the context of factors affecting its formationю. Methods: Epidemiological, serological, statistical methods and GIS technologies were used in the work. The serological study (using the solid-phase ELISA method) included 2410 blood serum samples collected between 2013 and 2017 from healthy residents of Moscow aged from birth to 60 years. On the basis of documents on sanitary and epidemic investigation of measles cases in Moscow (20132015) a relational database under the management of MySQL Database Management System was formed, based on the analysis of which the coverage of the population with preventive vaccinations was estimated. Results: Оn average, the proportion of seronegative persons to measles in 20162017, compared with 20132014 (20.5%) increased and amounted to 29.0% mainly due to the group over 36 years. The most vulnerable were children aged 12 years and 36 years, where the share of the immune persons amounted to 51,5% and 37.9%, respectively, at low coverage in a planned manner (55,9% [95% CI, 52.2 per cent; of 59.5%] and 75,3% [95% CI, 73.3 per cent; for 77.2%]). The proportion of vaccinated persons who lost post-vaccination immunity under the influence of factors preventing its formation (from 3.6% to 21.6% in the group of 714 years; from 11.8% to 26.4% in the group of 1517 years) was calculated. The possibility of visualizing the spread of measles on electronic maps for the territorial and temporal analysis of the epidemic situation is shown. Conclusions: It is reasonable to assume that over the time, the proportion of people who have suffered measles will decrease, and the proportion of people not covered by vaccination or lost post-vaccination immunity - increase, that can lead to a decrease in herd immunity and requires correction of vaccination work. The proposed information and analytical system for monitoring the epidemiological situation allows to work quickly with heterogeneous resources and choose on electronic maps the area of interest from the global level (country) to the local (house), which is necessary for the adoption of scientifically based preventive and epidemiological measures.

scholarly journals Sero-surveillance and immunization in sheep and goats against peste des petits ruminants in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Banik ◽  
SC Podder ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Post Immunization ◽  
Indigenous Sheep

The sero-surveillance and immunization studies on Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in non-descriptive indigenous sheep and Black Bengal goats aged between 5 to 12 months were carried out in the district of Mymensingh during the period from June to November 2003. Sero-prevalence of PPR by using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) was conducted on 100 sheep and 100 goats which were selected randomly from 10 different areas in the district of Mymensingh. Of the 100 sheep and 100 goats tested, 27% sheep and 25% goats had positive (≥ 50) antibody titre. This indicates that 27% sheep and 25% goats might have the capability to resist natural PPR infection and accordingly, sero-monitoring could be required to give a better indication of nation herd immunity. The immunization study against PPR with a commercial PPR VAC® was conducted on 10 sheep and 10 goats by inoculating @ 1.0 ml vaccine / animal subcutaneously. The clinical, haematological, biochemical and antibody levels were determined at pre-immunization and at 7th, 14th and 21st day of postimmunization. The mean antibody titre at 7th, 14th and 21st day of post-immunization in sheep (38.28 ± 4.34, 58.63 ± 3.60 & 68.27 ± 3.09) and goats (49.84 ± 4.37, 63.23 ± 3.64 & 76.60 ± 4.07) were significantly (p < 0.01) increased in comparison to the respective pre-immunization mean titre of sheep (20.0 ± 6.78) and goats (14.00 ± 6.96). Results of haematological examination showed that the PPR VAC® has no effects on haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed celled volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC). The TLC was markedly increased at all the stages of postimmunization in both sheep and goats but significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 21st day (10.08 ± 1.55 103 / mm3) in sheep and at 14th day (14.76 ± 0.84 103 / mm3) in goats in comparison to pre-immunization values of sheep (7.95 ± 0.97 103 / mm3) and goats (9.00 ± 1.28 103 / mm3). No distinct difference was observed on rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rate between the pre- and post-immunization values which indicates PPR-VAC® has no clinical effects in vaccinated animals. No significant differences on calcium, albumin, total serum protein (TSP) and glucose levels were observed between the pre- and post-immunization values in both the sheep and goats. But the TSP in both the sheep 8.43 ± 0.69 g/dl) and goats (8.26 ± 0.50 g / dl) at 21st day of post-immunization increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) in comparison to the pre-immunization values of sheep (7.66 ± 0.79 g / dl) and goats (7.89 ± 0.92 g / dl). The results of humoral immune response produced by PPR-VAC® indicates the activity of the inoculated vaccine but challenge studies with virulent PPR virus would be required to confirm its efficacy. Key words: PPR, sheep, goats, sero-surveillance, C-ELISA, PPR-VAC®, haematology, biochemistry   doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2334 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 185-190

Antibody seroprevalences against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) virus in sheep and goats in Sudan

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1449-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nussieba A. Osman ◽  
A. S. Ali ◽  
Mahasin E. A/Rahman ◽  
M. A. Fadol
Keyword(s):  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ppr Virus
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