scholarly journals Drastic decrease of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from humans in Belgium in 2005, shift in phage types and influence on foodborne outbreaks

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. COLLARD ◽  
S. BERTRAND ◽  
K. DIERICK ◽  
C. GODARD ◽  
C. WILDEMAUWE ◽  
...  

SUMMARYIn Belgium, non-typhoidal salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are the two most frequently reported foodborne illnesses. During 2005, a 71% decrease of Salmonella Enteritidis infections compared with the average annual number cases in the period 2000–2004 was recorded by the Belgian National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella. After the peak of 1999, the total number of salmonellosis cases decreased gradually, with the exception of 2003 when an increase was again recorded due to the rise of isolates belonging to the serotype Enteritidis. PT4, the predominant phage type of serotype Enteriditis over recent years (except in 2003), became the second most prevalent phage type in 2005 after PT21. We present in this paper the epidemiology (incidence and trends) of human salmonellosis in Belgium and assess the role of the vaccination programme in layer flocks on the decline of the incidence of human salmonellosis and foodborne outbreaks due to S. Enteritidis.

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Haeghebaert ◽  
P Sulem ◽  
L Deroudille ◽  
E. Vanneroy-Adenot ◽  
O Bagnis ◽  
...  

Salmonelloses are one are the main causes of foodborne infections in industrialised countries. In France, the incidence of human salmonellosis recorded by the National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella (CNRSS) in 2001 was 21 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis represented 39% of cases (1). This article reports the investigation results of two community outbreaks of salmonellosis that occurred simultaneously in the south west of France, and which were linked to the consumption of cheese made from raw milk.


2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Berghold ◽  
C. Kornschober ◽  
I Lederer ◽  
F Allerberger

Assuming that the various phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are largely equally virulent, the importance of certain foods as sources of infection for human salmonellosis can be deduced from differences in the distribution of phage types in human and non-human samples. In 2002, S. Enteritidis phage type 29 (PT29) was first isolated from non-human test samples in Austria. S. Enteritidis PT29 accounted for 44 (27.7%) of 159 S. Enteritidis strains, derived from veterinary samples of chicken (e.g. meat, giblets) or chicken habitations (e.g. swabs from the coop and excrement). At the food retail level (chicken meat, chicken liver), five (13.1%) of 38 S. Enteritidis isolates were PT29. The proportion of S. Enteritidis PT29 in human samples was much lower. Only 0.4% (30 human primary isolates) of all S. Enteritidis isolates in the year 2002, and 0.33% (23 human primary isolates) of all human S. Enteritidis strains in 2003 were PT29. In our opinion, the discrepancy between the high prevalence of S. Enteritidis PT29 in broilers and chicken meat and the low number of PT29 cases in humans indicates that chicken meat of Austrian origin is currently only a minor source of human S. Enteritidis infections.


1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Scuderi ◽  
M. Fantasia ◽  
E. Filetici ◽  
M. P. Anastasio

SUMMARYThis report summarizes studies on 1699 foodborne outbreaks, in Italy, reported to theIstituto Superiore di Sanità(ISS) (the National Institute of Health of Italy, Rome) during the period 1991–4. The most frequently reported foodborne outbreaks were caused by salmonellae (81%), in particular bySalmonella enteritidisand non-serotyped group D salmonella (34% and 33% of the total salmonella outbreaks, respectively). A vehicle was implicated in 69% of the salmonella outbreaks; eggs were implicated in 77% of the outbreaks for which a vehicle was identified or suspected. Salmonella strains isolated in 54 outbreaks were studied for phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The isolates belonged toS. enteritidis(50 outbreaks),S. typhimurium(three outbreaks) andS. hadar(one outbreak). In theS. enteritidisoutbreaks, phage type 4 was most frequently isolated (64·8%), followed by phage type 1 (14·8%). The virulence plasmid of 38 megadaltons was found in many different phage types ofS. enteritidis.


2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
IOLANDA A. NUNES ◽  
REINER HELMUTH ◽  
ANDREUS SCHROETER ◽  
GEOFFREY C. MEAD ◽  
MANOEL A. A. SANTOS ◽  
...  

The occurrence of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) phage types (PTs) in samples collected from healthy and diseased chickens, in outbreaks of human gastroenteritis related to the consumption of egg products, in samples of poultry meat, in pipped embryos of broiler chickens, in meat meal, in poultry-rearing environments, and in many foods (cheese, mayonnaise, cake, and bacon) is described for strains isolated from 1995 to 1997 in Brazil. SE strains were isolated, and the most common PT was found to be PT 4, followed by PTs 7, 21, 35, 6, 4a, 8, 30, 6a, 5a, 1, and 1b. Fourteen strains were classified as react-but-do-not-conform strains, and one strain was not typeable. The results of this study demonstrate that PT 4 has a wider distribution among the sources studied than do any other SE phage types and is the most important phage type in human salmonellosis.


1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ridley ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
B. Rowe

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to resolveXbaI and SpeI macrorestriction fragments from 60 defined phage type (PT) reference strains of Salmonella enteritidis. The level of discrimination was compared to that afforded by plasmid profile analysis and ribotyping. Twenty-eight distinct XbaI pulsed-field profiles (PFPs) were observed, although a single type, PFP X1, predominated. Absence of the 57-kbspv-associated fragment was observed for three PT reference strains, and the profile was designated PFP X1A. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of a further four PT reference strains were altered by the presence of plasmid-associated bands. Twenty-sixSpeI-generated PFPs (plus one subtype) were observed for the same strains. No SpeI fragment corresponding to the 38-MDa serovar-specific plasmid was detected. The distribution ofXbaI and SpeI profiles did not always correspond, producing a total of 32 combined PFPs for the 60 PT reference strains. This compared with a total of 18 different plasmid profiles and three PvuII ribotypes generated by the same strains. The results of this study indicate that PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination over other genotypic typing methods for the epidemiological typing of S. enteritidis.


2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O’Brien ◽  
L Ward

Although Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4, responsible for the major epidemic during the late 1980s and early 1990s (1), has continued to decline, there have been increases in a number of the more unusual phage types of S. Enteritidis (2). Isolates of S. Enteritidis PT 3, 6a, 13a and 14b and 21 confirmed by the Public Health Laboratory Service Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (PHLS LEP) in England have all increased during 2002 (table 1) (3).


1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miek Desmidt ◽  
R Ducatelle ◽  
J Mast ◽  
B.M Goddeeris ◽  
B Kaspers ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2259-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. LITTLE ◽  
S. WALSH ◽  
L. HUCKLESBY ◽  
S. SURMAN-LEE ◽  
K. PATHAK ◽  
...  

This survey was prompted by a change in the epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in England and Wales and elsewhere in Europe and, to our knowledge, is the first survey to provide information on Salmonella contamination of non–United Kingdom eggs on retail sale. Based on 10,464 non–United Kingdom eggs (1,744 pooled samples of six eggs) purchased between March 2005 and July 2006, the total weighted prevalence estimate for all Salmonella detected in non–United Kingdom eggs was 3.3%. Of the eggs sampled, most were produced in Spain (66.3%), France (20.0%), or The Netherlands (7.4%). Salmonella was detected from 4.4 and 0.3% of eggs produced in Spain and France, respectively, with weighted prevalence estimates. Eight different Salmonella serotypes were recovered from non–United Kingdom eggs, of which Salmonella Enteritidis predominated, with an estimated prevalence of 2.6%. Salmonella Enteritidis was obtained only from Spanish eggs. Nine different phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis were identified, with phage type 1 found to be the predominant phage type. Most of the Salmonella Enteritidis isolates obtained from Spanish eggs in the survey were resistant to nalidixic acid with concomitant decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (0.125 to 1.0 mg/liter) or ampicillin (8.0 mg/liter). Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 1 until now had not been detected in eggs examined as part of previous United Kingdom egg surveys but has been detected in eggs of Spanish origin examined during recent national outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis non–phage type 4 infections in England and Wales. Eggs are a commonly consumed food that may occasionally be contaminated with Salmonella. The rates of contamination may be linked to the origin of the eggs. Consumers and caterers need to be aware of this continuing hazard, adopt appropriate control measures, and follow advice provided by national food agencies in order to reduce the risk of infection.


2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. GILLESPIE ◽  
S. J. O'BRIEN ◽  
G. K. ADAK ◽  
L. R. WARD ◽  
H. R. SMITH

Foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (PT4) infection (n=497), reported to the Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1992 and 2002, were compared with other pathogens (n=1148) to determine factors (season, setting, food vehicles, food safety faults) associated with this pathogen. Logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding. Foodborne general outbreaks of S. Enteritidis PT4 infection were more likely to occur in the spring and summer, and were more often linked to schools, private residences and residential institutions. Eggs, egg products and the use of raw shell egg were strongly associated with this pathogen. Most outbreaks were linked to cross-contamination and inadequate heat treatment. This paper describes the decline in the S. Enteritidis PT4 epidemic, providing evidence that control measures introduced, e.g. improved biosecurity and vaccination, have worked. Continued surveillance of human and veterinary salmonellosis is essential to detect future problems.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document