Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is prevalent in wounds of community-based injection drug users

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. LLOYD-SMITH ◽  
M. W. HULL ◽  
M. W. TYNDALL ◽  
R. ZHANG ◽  
E. WOOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYInjection drug users (IDUs) have an elevated risk for carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Cutaneous injection-related infections are common in IDUs but detailed studies are few. Based on a subsample of 218 individuals from a community-recruited cohort of IDUs at a supervised injection facility, we investigated the microbiology and related antibiotic susceptibility profiles of isolates from 59 wounds. Twenty-seven percent of subjects had at least one wound and 25 (43%) were culture positive for S. aureus alone [14 MRSA and 11 (19%) methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) isolates]. Sixteen of 18 MRSA isolates were classified as community associated (CA) by the presence of genes encoding for PVL. MRSA and MSSA occurred in mixed infection with other organisms on three and six occasions, respectively. All CA-MRSA isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, vancomycin and linezolid but only 13% were susceptible to clindamycin compared to 63% of MSSA isolates. The frequency of CA-MRSA is a cause for concern in wound infection in the IDU setting.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Injection Drug Users: Six Years Later

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Al-Rawahi ◽  
A. G. Schreader ◽  
S. D. Porter ◽  
D. L. Roscoe ◽  
R. Gustafson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals Impact of Mobility on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Injection Drug Users

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Folashade B. Agusto ◽  
Soyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

In this study, we develop and present a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among injection drug users. The model consists of non-injection drug users as well as low-and high-risk injection drug users (IDUs). The model further incorporates the movement of these individuals between large metro, suburban and rural areas. The model parameters were estimated by fitting the model to the 2008–2013 disease prevalence data for non-IDUs obtained from the Agency for Healthcare and Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as the 2009–2013 Census Bureau data for the number of individuals migrating between three different counties in Kansas. Sensitivity analysis was implemented to determine the parameters with the most significant impact on the total number of infected individuals; the transmission probability, recovery rates, and positive behavioral change parameter for the subgroup have the most significant effect on the number of infected individuals. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the parameters in the different areas was the same when the areas are disconnected. When the areas are connected, the parameters in large-metro areas were the most sensitive, and the rural areas were least sensitive. The result shows that to effectively control the disease across the large metro, suburban and rural areas, it is best to focus on controlling both behavior and disease in the large metro area as this has a trickle-down effect to the other places. However, controlling behavior and disease at the same time in all the areas will lead to the elimination of the disease.

Screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in community-recruited injection drug users: are throat swabs necessary?

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 1721-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. LLOYD-SMITH ◽  
M. W. HULL ◽  
D. HAWKINS ◽  
S. CHAMPAGNE ◽  
T. KERR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

SUMMARYWe examined and described colonization of MRSA in the anterior nares and throat from 184 community-recruited injection drug users. Thirty-seven (20%) were positive for MRSA: most (34, 92%) were carriers in the nares; while only three (8%) were carriers detected by throat swabs alone. The majority (29, 78%) of MRSA isolates were PVL positive.

scholarly journals Postpartum-Isolated Native Pulmonic Valve Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis Complicated by Pelvic Abscess, Clavicle Osteomyelitis, and Polyarticular Septic Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Daniela Navarrete ◽  
David Hannibal ◽  
Sachin M. Patil ◽  
Tarang Pankaj Patel ◽  
William Roland
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pelvic Abscess ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Pulmonic Valve ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cardiac Devices

Isolated native pulmonic valve infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare occurrence. The most commonly involved valves in injection drug users are the tricuspid valve followed by mitral and then aortic valves. Most reported cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) IE involve multiple valves. Isolated involvement of the pulmonic valve in IE is infrequent, especially in intravenous drug users or patients with indwelling catheters, prosthetic valves, or implantable cardiac devices. Here, we report a young postpartum female patient with isolated native pulmonic valve MRSA IE with MRSA bacteremia and history of active injection drug use. A PubMed literature review revealed a single described prior case report in a postpartum female. The patient’s clinical course was complicated by a large native pulmonic valve vegetation, septic pulmonary emboli, pelvic abscess, polyarticular septic arthritis, and clavicular osteomyelitis. The patient underwent bioprosthetic pulmonic valve replacement and finished six weeks of intravenous vancomycin for complete recovery.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remained the predominant cause of infections in drug users. The cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: Eligible drug users were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs during May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus and MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage. Results: Overall, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage in 353 drug users were 15.01% and 6.79%, respectively. Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99) and MRSA (adjusted OR=14.30, 95% CI: 2.67-76.46) carriage. The proportions of multidrug resistance were respectively 72.41% and 89.47% for S. aureus and MRSA isolates and were simultaneously resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. The results of clonal complexes and sequence types for S. aureus and MRSA isolates were diverse. The proportions of virulence genes were high for MRSA isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was moderate. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates revealed serious antibiotic resistance, indicating the cross-circulation of MRSA isolates, and imply high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization might be considered for drug users with MRSA carriage, especially for those with risk factors.

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS HAND INFECTIONS: A SOUTH PACIFIC PERSPECTIVE — CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIBIOTIC COVERAGE

Hand Surgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Buchanan ◽  
Wolfgang Heiss-Dunlop ◽  
Jon A. Mathy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Empiric Treatment ◽  
Sensitivity Data ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Coverage

Purpose: Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are reported to be increasing worldwide. In the United States when rates exceed 15% empiric treatment is suggested. The aim of our study was to determine local rates and treatment of CA-MRSA within our region. Methods: Nine hundred and forty-two patients were admitted to our service during a six-year period with culture-positive hand infections identified from operative cultures at the time of surgery. Results: Sixty-six (7.0%) patients had CA-MRSA positive cultures identified. Thirty-two (48.5%) patients were noted to have remained on antibiotic treatment that did not reflect their MRSA positive status after cultures returned. Despite this, re-admission and re-operation rates were low and comparable to our non-MRSA control group. Conclusions: Within our CA-MRSA group, current rates do not support automatic empiric treatment for CA-MRSA. Based on sensitivity data, co-trimoxazole and intravenous vancomycin are appropriate and effective antibiotic treatment within our region. Our data supports the importance of drainage of pyogenic infections in helping to resolve complicated hand infections.

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