Is hand, foot and mouth disease associated with meteorological parameters?

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1779-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MA ◽  
T. LAM ◽  
C. WONG ◽  
S. K. CHUANG
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diurnal Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Winter Peak ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYWe examined the relationship between meteorological parameters and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) activity. Meteorological data collected from 2000 to 2004 were tested for correlation with HFMD consultation rates calculated through the sentinel surveillance system in Hong Kong. The regression model constructed was used to predict HFMD consultation rates for 2005–2009. After adjusting for the effect of collinearity, mean temperature, diurnal difference in temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were positively associated with HFMD consultation rates, and explained HFMD consultation rates well with 2 weeks' lag time (R2=0·119,P=0·010). The predicted HFMD consultation rates were also also well matched with the observed rates (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0·276,P=0·000) in 2005–2009. Sensitivity analysis showed that HFMD consultation rates were mostly affected by relative humidity and least affected by wind speed. Our model demonstrated that climate parameters help in predicting HFMD activity, which could assist in explaining the winter peak detected in recent years and in issuing early warning.

scholarly journals Association between meteorological factors and reported cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2000 to 2015 in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 2896-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SUMI ◽  
S. TOYODA ◽  
K. KANOU ◽  
T. FUJIMOTO ◽  
K. MISE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to clarify the association between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics and meteorological conditions. We used HFMD surveillance data of all 47 prefectures in Japan from January 2000 to December 2015. Spectral analysis was performed using the maximum entropy method (MEM) for temperature-, relative humidity-, and total rainfall-dependent incidence data. Using MEM-estimated periods, long-term oscillatory trends were calculated using the least squares fitting (LSF) method. The temperature and relative humidity thresholds of HFMD data were estimated from the LSF curves. The average temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 12 °C and a higher threshold at 30 °C for risk of HFMD infection. Maximum and minimum temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 6 °C and a higher threshold at 35 °C, suggesting a need for HFMD control measures at temperatures between 6 and 35 °C. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of maximum and minimum temperatures rather than the average temperature, to estimate the temperature threshold of HFMD infections. The results obtained might aid in the prediction of epidemics and preparation for the effect of climatic changes on HFMD epidemiology.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangdong Province, China, 2010-2013: A multicity study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zece Xu ◽  
Wenqi Hu ◽  
Kedi Jiao ◽  
Ci Ren ◽  
Baofa Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious infectious disease, which has become a public health problem. Previous studies have shown that temperature may influence the incidence of HFMD, but most only focus on single city and the results are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, a multicity study was conducted to explore the association between temperature and HFMD in different cities and search for modifiers that influence the heterogeneity. Methods We collected daily cases of childhood HFMD (aged 0-5 years) and meteorological factors of 21 cities in Guangdong Province in the period of 2010-2013. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) with quasi-Poisson was adopted to quantify the effects of temperature on HFMD in 21 cities. Then the effects of each city were pooled by multivariate meta-analysis to obtain the heterogeneity among 21 cities. Potential city-level factors were included in meta-regression to explore effect modifiers. Results A total of 1,048,574 childhood cases were included in this study. There was a great correlation between daily childhood HFMD cases and temperature in each city, which was non-linear and lagged. High heterogeneity was showed in the associations between temperature and HFMD in 21 cities. The pooled temperature-HFMD association was peaking at the 79th percentile of temperature with relative risk (RR) of 2.474(95%CI: 2.065-2.965) as compared to the median temperature. Latitude was the main modifier for reducing the heterogeneity to 69.28% revealed by meta-analysis. Conclusions There was a strong non-linear and lagged correlation between temperature and HFMD. Latitude was strongly associated with the relationship between temperature and HFMD. Meanwhile, it had an effect on modifying the relationship. These findings can conducive to local governments developing corresponding preventive measures.

scholarly journals Weather effects on hand, foot, and mouth disease at individual level: a case-crossover study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Du ◽  
Shao Lin ◽  
Tia Marks ◽  
Wangjian Zhang ◽  
Te Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) raises an urgent public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in China. The associations between weather factors and HFMD have been widely studied but with inconsistent results. Moreover, previous studies utilizing ecological design could not rule out the bias of exposure misclassification and unobserved confounders. Methods We used case-crossover analysis to assess the associations of weather factors on HFMD. Individual HFMD cases from 2009 to 2012 in Guangdong were collected and cases located within 10 km of the meteorological monitoring sites were included. Lag effects were examined through the previous 7 days. In addition, we explored the variability by changing the distance within 20 km and 30 km. Results We observed associations between HFMD and weather factors, including temperature and relative humidity. An approximately U-shaped relationship was observed for the associations of temperature on HFMD across the same day and the previous 7 days, while an approximately exponential-shaped was seen for relative humidity. Statistically significant increases in rates of HFMD were associated with each 10-unit increases in temperature [Excess rate (ER): 7.7%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.9, 11.7%] and relative humidity (ER: 1.9%; 95% CI: 0.7, 3.0%) on lag days 0–6, when assessing within 10 km of the monitoring sites. Potential thresholds for temperature (30.0 °C) and relative humidity (70.3%) detected showed associations with HFMD. The associations remained robust for 20 km and 30 km. Conclusions Our study found that temperature and relative humidity are significantly associated with the increased rates of HFMD. Thresholds and lag effects were observed between weather factors and HFMD. Our findings are useful for planning on targeted prevention and control of HFMD.

scholarly journals Thermostability of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Is Modulated by Lethal and Viability-Restoring Compensatory Amino Acid Substitutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia López-Argüello ◽  
Verónica Rincón ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez-Huete ◽  
Encarnación Martínez-Salas ◽  
Graham J. Belsham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Capsid Stability ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTInfection by viruses depends on a balance between capsid stability and dynamics. This study investigated biologically and biotechnologically relevant aspects of the relationship in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) between capsid structure and thermostability and between thermostability and infectivity. In the FMDV capsid, a substantial number of amino acid side chains at the interfaces between pentameric subunits are charged at neutral pH. Here a mutational analysis revealed that the essential role for virus infection of most of the 8 tested charged groups is not related to substantial changes in capsid protein expression or processing or in capsid assembly or stability against a thermally induced dissociation into pentamers. However, the positively charged side chains of R2018 and H3141, located at the interpentamer interfaces close to the capsid 2-fold symmetry axes, were found to be critical both for virus infectivity and for keeping the capsid in a state of weak thermostability. A charge-restoring substitution (N2019H) that was repeatedly fixed during amplification of viral genomes carrying deleterious mutations reverted both the lethal and capsid-stabilizing effects of the substitution H3141A, leading to a double mutant virus with close to normal infectivity and thermolability. H3141A and other thermostabilizing substitutions had no detectable effect on capsid resistance to acid-induced dissociation into pentamers. The results suggest that FMDV infectivity requires limited local stability around the 2-fold axes at the interpentamer interfaces of the capsid. The implications for the mechanism of genome uncoating in FMDV and the development of thermostabilized vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease are discussed.IMPORTANCEThis study provides novel insights into the little-known structural determinants of the balance between thermal stability and instability in the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus and into the relationship between capsid stability and virus infectivity. The results provide new guidelines for the development of thermostabilized empty capsid-based recombinant vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease, one of the economically most important animal diseases worldwide.

scholarly journals Meteorological factors associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in a Central Highlands province in Viet Nam: an ecological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Hau Van Pham ◽  
Uyen Thi Ngoc Phan ◽  
Anh Nguyen Quynh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Central Highlands

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health problem in Viet Nam, and studies have reported seasonal fluctuation in the occurrence of HFMD. This study sought to describe the occurrence of HFMD and its associated meteorological factors in Dak Lak province, Viet Nam. Methods: Monthly data on HFMD cases were collected from all commune health stations in Dak Lak province from 2012 through 2013. An HFMD case was defined as a brief febrile illness accompanied by a typical skin rash with or without mouth ulcers. Average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, humidity, rainfall, evaporation, sunshine duration and wind speed were recorded monthly at five local meteorological stations throughout Dak Lak. Data were aggregated at the district level, and the association between these meteorological factors and HFMD cases were examined by Poisson regression. Results: In 2012 through 2013, there were 7128 HFMD patients in Dak Lak. The number of HFMD cases increased during the rainy season. An increased risk of HFMD was associated with higher average temperature (risk ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.06; 1.03–1.08 per 1 °C increase), higher rainfall (1.19; 1.14–1.24 per 200 mm increase) and longer sunshine duration (1.14; 1.07–1.22 per 60 hours increase). The risk of HFMD was inversely associated with wind speed (0.77; 0.73–0.81 per 1 m/s increase). Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a significant association between HFMD occurrence and climate. Temperature, rainfall, wind speed and sunshine duration could be used as meteorological predictors of HFMD occurrence in Viet Nam’s Central Highlands region. Intensified surveillance for HFMD during the rainy season is recommended.

scholarly journals Association between Meteorological Parameters and Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Huijung Lai ◽  
Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Background: This study reports a systematic review of association between meteorological parame-ters and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in mainland China. Methods: Using predefined study eligibility criteria, three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were searched for relevant articles. Using a combination of search terms, in-cluding “Hand foot and mouth disease,” “HFMD,” “Meteorological,” “Climate,” and “China,” After removal of duplicates, our initial search generated 2435 studies published from 1990 to December 31, 2019. From this cohort 51 full-text articles were reviewed for eligibility assessment. The meta-analysis was devised in accordance with the published guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Effect sizes, heterogeneity estimates and publication bias were computed using R software and Review Manager Software. Results: The meta-analysis of 18 eligible studies showed that the meteorological parameters played an important role in the prevalence of HFMD. Lower air pressure may be the main risk factor for the incidence of HFMD in Chinese mainland, and three meteorological parameters (mean tempera-ture, rainfall and relative humidity) have a significant association with the incidence of HFMD in subtropical regions. Conclusion: Lower air pressure might be the main risk factor for the incidence of HFMD in Chi-nese mainland. The influence of meteorological parameters on the prevalence of HFMD is mainly through changing virus viability in aerosols, which may be different in different climate regions. In an environment with low air pressure, wearing a mask that filters the aerosol outdoors may help prevent HFMD infection.

The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Hangzhou, China, 2016-2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Guoliang Xie ◽  
Shufa Zheng ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is most frequently caused by several serotypes of human enterovirus (EV) including Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) or other types of EV. Children under 5 years old are the most susceptible to HFMD. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics and the relationship between severe and mild HFMD. Methods We collected 4760 probable HFMD cases with skin papular or vesicular rashes on the hands, feet, mouth or buttocks in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2018. Specimens of these cases were collected and the pathogen of EV71, CV-A16, CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A2 and CV-A5 was classified by RT-PCR. Then the pathogen distribution and clinical status of children with HFMD were described. Results From Jan. 1, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2018, the incidence and prevalence of HFMD were seasonal each year. Among the 4760 probable HFMD cases, 3559 cases were confirmed (74.8%, 3559/4760), including 426 cases of EV71 infections (8.9%, 426/4760, 249 cases of CV-A16 infections (5.2%, 249/4760) and 2884 cases of other enteroviruses infections (60.6%, 2884/4760). The percentage of EV positive HFMD cases with non-EV71 and non-CV-A16 was more than 80% (2884/3559), which increased year by year. The percentage of EV71 decreased year by year in the last three years especially in 2018. Among the 1297 cases randomly selected of other EV infections in 2017 and 2018, there were 835 (64.4%) cases of CV-A6 infections, 177 (13.6%) cases of CV-A10 infections, 100 (7.7%) cases of CV-A2 infections, 40 (3.1%) cases of CV-A5 infections, 3 (0.02%) cases of mixed infections and 11.0% untyped enteroviruses infections. Preschool children were still the primary population susceptible to HFMD, and the age of the children infected with other enteroviruses tended to be younger. In severe cases, EV71 infection was the main cause. Conclusions The other EV especially CV-A6 increased obviously and EV71 decreased obviously in the three years. Characterizing the epidemiology and the relationship between severe and common cases of HFMD would provide relevant evidences for the prevention and treatment of HFMD.

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