scholarly journals Association between meteorological factors and reported cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2000 to 2015 in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 2896-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SUMI ◽  
S. TOYODA ◽  
K. KANOU ◽  
T. FUJIMOTO ◽  
K. MISE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to clarify the association between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics and meteorological conditions. We used HFMD surveillance data of all 47 prefectures in Japan from January 2000 to December 2015. Spectral analysis was performed using the maximum entropy method (MEM) for temperature-, relative humidity-, and total rainfall-dependent incidence data. Using MEM-estimated periods, long-term oscillatory trends were calculated using the least squares fitting (LSF) method. The temperature and relative humidity thresholds of HFMD data were estimated from the LSF curves. The average temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 12 °C and a higher threshold at 30 °C for risk of HFMD infection. Maximum and minimum temperature data indicated a lower threshold at 6 °C and a higher threshold at 35 °C, suggesting a need for HFMD control measures at temperatures between 6 and 35 °C. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of maximum and minimum temperatures rather than the average temperature, to estimate the temperature threshold of HFMD infections. The results obtained might aid in the prediction of epidemics and preparation for the effect of climatic changes on HFMD epidemiology.

scholarly journals Parameter-dependent transmission dynamics and optimal control of foot and mouth disease in a contaminated environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Mugabi ◽  
Joseph Mugisha ◽  
Betty Nannyonga ◽  
Henry Kasumba ◽  
Margaret Tusiime
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Optimality System ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Environmental Decontamination

AbstractThe problem of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is of serious concern to the livestock sector in most nations, especially in developing countries. This paper presents the formulation and analysis of a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of FMD through a contaminated environment. It is shown that the key parameters that drive the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment are the shedding, transmission, and decay rates of the virus. Using numerical results, it is depicted that the host-to-host route is more severe than the environmental-to-host route. The model is then transformed into an optimal control problem. Using the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the optimality system is determined. Utilizing a gradient type algorithm with projection, the optimality system is solved for three control strategies: optimal use of vaccination, environmental decontamination, and a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination. Results show that a combination of vaccination and environmental decontamination is the most optimal strategy. These results indicate that if vaccination and environmental decontamination are used optimally during an outbreak, then FMD transmission can be controlled. Future studies focusing on the control measures for the transmission of FMD in a contaminated environment should aim at reducing the transmission and the shedding rates, while increasing the decay rate.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terdsak Yano ◽  
Sith Premashthira ◽  
Tosapol Dejyong ◽  
Sahatchai Tangtrongsup ◽  
Mo D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quality Control Methods for Foot-And-Mouth Disease Vaccines by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Mun-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Seon-Jong Yun ◽  
Yeon-Hee Kim ◽  
Hyang-Sim Lee ◽  
Ji-Yeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered one of the highly contagious viral infections affecting livestock. In Korea, an FMD vaccination policy has been implemented nationwide since 2010 for the prevention and control of FMD. Since the vaccines are imported from various countries, standardized quality control measures are critical. In this study, we aimed to validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device in the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency lab and identify an appropriate FMD vaccine pretreatment method for HPLC—a simple, reliable, and practical method to measure antigen content. Based on the analyses of specificity, linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, limits of detection, and limits of quantification using FMD standard samples, we validated the method using a standard material. Overall, we confirmed that the HPLC technique is effective for the quantitative assessment of the FMD virus 146S antigen in Korea. Using commercial FMD vaccines, we evaluated three separation methods and identified the method using n-pentanol and trichloroethylene as optimal for HPLC analysis. Our HPLC method was effective for the analytical detection of the antigen content in FMD vaccine, and it may be useful as a reference method for national lot-release testing.

scholarly journals Challenges and Economic Implications in the Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from the Zambian Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sinkala ◽  
M. Simuunza ◽  
D. U. Pfeiffer ◽  
H. M. Munang’andu ◽  
M. Mulumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Sub Saharan

Foot and mouth disease is one of the world’s most important livestock diseases for trade. FMD infections are complex in nature and there are many epidemiological factors needing clarification. Key questions relate to the control challenges and economic impact of the disease for resource-poor FMD endemic countries like Zambia. A review of the control challenges and economic impact of FMD outbreaks in Zambia was made. Information was collected from peer-reviewed journals articles, conference proceedings, unpublished scientific reports, and personal communication with scientists and personal field experiences. The challenges of controlling FMD using mainly vaccination and movement control are discussed. Impacts include losses in income of over US$ 1.6 billion from exports of beef and sable antelopes and an annual cost of over US$ 2.7 million on preventive measures. Further impacts included unquantified losses in production and low investment in agriculture resulting in slow economic growth. FMD persistence may be a result of inadequate epidemiological understanding of the disease and ineffectiveness of the control measures that are being applied. The identified gaps may be considered in the annual appraisal of the FMD national control strategy in order to advance on the progressive control pathway.

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease and weather factors in Guangzhou, southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LI ◽  
Z. YANG ◽  
B. DI ◽  
M. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYHand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is becoming one of the common airborne and contact transmission diseases in Guangzhou, southern China, leading public health authorities to be concerned about its increased incidence. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of weather patterns on the incidence of HFMD in the subtropical city of Guangzhou for the period 2009–2012, and assist public health prevention and control measures. A negative binomial multivariable regression was used to identify the relationship between meteorological variables and HFMD. During the study period, a total of 166 770 HFMD-confirmed cases were reported, of which 11 died, yielding a fatality rate of 0·66/10 000. Annual incidence rates from 2009 to 2012 were 132·44, 311·40, 402·76, and 468·59/1 000 00 respectively. Each 1°C rise in temperature corresponded to an increase of 9·38% (95% CI 8·17–10·51) in the weekly number of HFMD cases, while a 1 hPa rise in atmospheric pressure corresponded to a decrease in the number of cases by 6·80% (95% CI −6·99 to −6·65), having an opposite effect. Similarly, a 1% rise in relative humidity corresponded to an increase of 0·67% or 0·51%, a 1 m/h rise in wind velocity corresponded to an increase of 4·01% or 2·65%, and a 1 day addition in the number of windy days corresponded to an increase of 24·73% or 25·87%, in the weekly number of HFMD cases, depending on the variables considered in the model. Our findings revealed that the epidemic status of HFMD in Guangzhou is characterized by high morbidity but low fatality. Weather factors had a significant influence on occurrence and transmission of HFMD.

scholarly journals Identifying pre-outbreak signals of hand, foot and mouth disease based on landscape dynamic network marker

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhang Zhang ◽  
Rong Xie ◽  
Zhengrong Liu ◽  
Yucong Pan ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Landscape Dynamic ◽  
Clinic Visits

Abstract Background The high incidence, seasonal pattern and frequent outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) represent a threat for billions of children around the world. Detecting pre-outbreak signals of HFMD facilitates the timely implementation of appropriate control measures. However, real-time prediction of HFMD outbreaks is usually challenging because of its complexity intertwining both biological systems and social systems. Results By mining the dynamical information from city networks and horizontal high-dimensional data, we developed the landscape dynamic network marker (L-DNM) method to detect pre-outbreak signals prior to the catastrophic transition into HFMD outbreaks. In addition, we set up multi-level early warnings to achieve the purpose of distinguishing the outbreak scale. Specifically, we collected the historical information of clinic visits caused by HFMD infection between years 2009 and 2018 respectively from public records of Tokyo, Hokkaido, and Osaka, Japan. When applied to the city networks we modelled, our method successfully identified pre-outbreak signals in an average 5 weeks ahead of the HFMD outbreak. Moreover, from the performance comparisons with other methods, it is seen that the L-DNM based system performs better when given only the records of clinic visits. Conclusions The study on the dynamical changes of clinic visits in local district networks reveals the dynamic or landscapes of HFMD spread at the network level. Moreover, the results of this study can be used as quantitative references for disease control during the HFMD outbreak seasons.

scholarly journals Risk assessment and integrated surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Russia based on Monte Carlo simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianying Wang ◽  
Jiahui Chen ◽  
Shuwen Zhang ◽  
Yanting Ding ◽  
Minjia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock worldwide. Russia is a big agricultural country with a wide geographical area where FMD outbreaks have become an obstacle for the development of the animal and animal products trade. In this study, we aimed to assess the export risk of FMD from Russia. Results After simulation by Monte Carlo, the results showed that the probability of cattle infected with FMD in the surveillance zone (Surrounding the areas where no epidemic disease has occurred within the prescribed time limit, the construction of buffer areas is called surveillance zone.) of Russia was 1.29 × 10− 6. The probability that at least one FMD positive case was exported from Russia per year in the surveillance zone was 6 %. The predicted number of positive cattle of the 39,530 - 50,576 exported from Russia per year was 0.06. A key node in the impact model was the probability of occurrence of FMD outbreaks in the Russian surveillance zone. By semi-quantitative model calculation, the risk probability of FMD defense system defects was 1.84 × 10− 5, indicating that there was a potential risk in the prevention and control measures of FMD in Russia. The spatial time scan model found that the most likely FMD cluster (P < 0.01) was in the Eastern and Siberian Central regions. Conclusions There was a risk of FMDV among cattle exported from Russia, and the infection rate of cattle in the monitored area was the key factor. Understanding the export risk of FMD in Russia and relevant epidemic prevention measures will help policymakers to develop targeted surveillance plans.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1886
Author(s):  
Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽  
Mana Mahapatra ◽  
Valerie Mioulet ◽  
Satya Parida
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Capsid Sequence ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with serious economic consequences. FMD is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia (EA) with the circulation of multiple serotypes, posing a threat to Australia and other FMD-free countries. Although vaccination is one of the most important control measures to prevent FMD outbreaks, the available vaccines may not be able to provide enough cross-protection against the FMD viruses (FMDVs) circulating in these countries due to the incursion of new lineages and sub-lineages as experienced in South Korea during 2010, a FMD-free country, when a new lineage of serotype O FMDV (Mya-98) spread to the country, resulting in devastating economic consequences. In this study, a total of 62 serotype O (2013–2018) viruses selected from SEA and EA countries were antigenically characterized by virus neutralization tests using three existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains and full capsid sequencing. The Capsid sequence analysis revealed three topotypes, Cathay, SEA and Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) of FMDVs circulating in the region. The vaccines used in this study showed a good match with the SEA and ME-SA viruses. However, none of the recently circulating Cathay topotype viruses were protected by any of the vaccine strains, including the existing Cathay topotype vaccine (O/HKN/6/83), indicating an antigenic drift and, also the urgency to monitor this topotype in the region and develop a new vaccine strain if necessary, although currently the presence of this topotype is mainly restricted to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam. Further, the capsid sequences of these viruses were analyzed that identified several capsid amino acid substitutions involving neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2 and 5, which either individually or together could underpin the observed antigenic drift.

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