Genetic characteristics of Shiga toxin-producingE. coliO157, O26, O103, O111 and O145 isolates from humans, food, and cattle in Belgium

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 2503-2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. VERSTRAETE ◽  
K. DE REU ◽  
S. VAN WEYENBERG ◽  
D. PIÉRARD ◽  
L. DE ZUTTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Genome Variations ◽  
Sporadic Cases

SUMMARYIn this study, we characterized 272 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) isolates from humans, food, and cattle in Belgium [O157 (n = 205), O26 (n = 31), O103 (n = 15), O111 (n = 10), O145 (n = 11)] for their virulence profile, whole genome variations and relationships on different genetic levels. Isolates of O157 displayed a wide variation ofstxgenotypes, heterogeneously distributed among pulsogroups (80% similarity), but with a concordance at the pulsosubgroup level (90% similarity). Of all serogroups evaluated, the presence ofeaewas conserved, whereas genes encoded on the large plasmid (ehx,espP,katP) occurred in variable combinations in O26, O103, and O145. The odds of having haemolytic uraemic syndrome was less for all genotypesstx2a,stx2c,stx1/stx2c, andstx1compared to genotypestx2a/stx2c; and for patients aged >5 years compared to patients aged ⩽5 years. Based on the genetic typing and by using epidemiological data, we could confirm outbreak isolates and suggest epidemiological relationships between some sporadic cases. Undistinguishable pulsotypes or clones with minor genotypic variations were found in humans, food, and cattle in different years, which demonstrated the important role of cattle as a reservoir of STEC O157, and the circulation and persistence of pathogenic clones.

scholarly journals Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in children in France

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. DECLUDT ◽  
P. BOUVET ◽  
P. MARIANI-KURKDJIAN ◽  
F. GRIMONT ◽  
P. A. D. GRIMONT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We conducted a study to determine the incidence of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children in France and to assess the role of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in the aetiology of HUS. In collaboration with the Société de Néphrologie Pédiatrique we undertook a retrospective review of all cases of HUS hospitalized from January 1993 to March 1995 and a 1-year prospective study (April 1995–March 1996) of epidemiological and microbiological features of cases of HUS. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was used to detect stx, eae, e-hlyA genes directly from case stool samples. Serum samples from cases were examined for antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of 26 major STEC serogroups. Two hundred and eighty-six cases were reported. The average incidence per year was 0·7/105 children < 15 years and 1·8/105 children < 5 years. During the prospective study, 122/130 cases were examined for evidence of STEC infection using PCR and/or serological assays and 105 (86%) had evidence of STEC infection. Serum antibodies to E. coli O157 LPS were detected in 79 (67%) cases tested. In conclusion, this study showed that STEC infection is an important cause of HUS in children in France, with a high proportion related to the O157 serogroup.

Treatment and management of children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R Walsh ◽  
Sally Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Complement Cascade ◽  
Alternative Complement ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), comprising microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and acute kidney injury, remains the leading cause of paediatric intrinsic acute kidney injury, with peak incidence in children aged under 5 years. HUS most commonly occurs following infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS). Additionally, HUS can occur as a result of inherited or acquired dysregulation of the alternative complement cascade (atypical HUS or aHUS) and in the setting of invasive pneumococcal infection. The field of HUS has been transformed by the discovery of the central role of complement in aHUS and the dawn of therapeutic complement inhibition. Herein, we address these three major forms of HUS in children, review the latest evidence for their treatment and discuss the management of STEC infection from presentation with bloody diarrhoea, through to development of fulminant HUS.

Shiga toxin-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome and the role of antibiotics: a global overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukas Kakoullis ◽  
Eleni Papachristodoulou ◽  
Paraskevi Chra ◽  
George Panos
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1760-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parameswaran Narayanan ◽  
Rashi S. Rustagi ◽  
Prabha Sivaprakasam ◽  
Mahadevan Subramanian ◽  
Sreejith Parameswaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Micro Organisms

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a recognized complication of infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Infections with other micro-organisms, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, have been cited as causes of HUS. In addition, influenza virus and other viruses may rarely be associated with this syndrome. A 2-year-old girl presented with severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis with renal failure and ecthyma gangrenosum. Further investigations revealed features of HUS. She was managed with antibiotics and other supportive measures including peritoneal dialysis, and subsequently made a full recovery. A possible role of neuraminidase in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa-associated HUS was proposed. This is the first reported case of P. aeruginosa sepsis leading to HUS.

scholarly journals Phenotypic H-Antigen Typing by Mass Spectrometry Combined with Genetic Typing of H Antigens, O Antigens, and Toxins by Whole-Genome Sequencing Enhances Identification of Escherichia coli Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 2162-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keding Cheng ◽  
Huixia Chui ◽  
Larissa Domish ◽  
Angela Sloan ◽  
Drexler Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Gene Pair ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
O Antigens

Mass spectrometry-based phenotypic H-antigen typing (MS-H) combined with whole-genome-sequencing-based genetic identification of H antigens, O antigens, and toxins (WGS-HOT) was used to type 60 clinicalEscherichia coliisolates, 43 of which were previously identified as nonmotile, H type undetermined, or O rough by serotyping or having shown discordant MS-H and serotyping results. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that MS-H was able to provide more accurate data regarding H antigen expression than serotyping. Further, enhanced and more confident O antigen identification resulted from gene cluster based typing in combination with conventional typing based on the gene pair comprisingwzxandwzyand that comprisingwzmandwzt. The O antigen was identified in 94.6% of the isolates when the two genetic O typing approaches (gene pair and gene cluster) were used in conjunction, in comparison to 78.6% when the gene pair database was used alone. In addition, 98.2% of the isolates showed the existence of genes for various toxins and/or virulence factors, among which verotoxins (Shiga toxin 1 and/or Shiga toxin 2) were 100% concordant with conventional PCR based testing results. With more applications of mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing in clinical microbiology laboratories, this combined phenotypic and genetic typing platform (MS-H plus WGS-HOT) should be ideal for pathogenicE. colityping.

scholarly journals Horse: a potential source of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Egypt

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma Mohammed ◽  
Sara M. Nader ◽  
Dalia A. Hamza ◽  
Maha A. Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Molecular Serotyping ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Abstract Background Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic mycozoonosis of global significance in a wide variety of host species. In equines, cryptococcosis is uncommon, and sporadic cases have been reported with rhinitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Cryptococcus spp. represents a potential risk for immunosuppressed and healthy persons. In Egypt, epidemiological data on cryptococcal infection in horses are limited. The current study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. in horses and its possible role in the epidemiology of such disease in Egypt. A total of 223 samples was collected from different localities in Egypt included 183 nasal swabs from horses, 28 nasal swabs from humans, and 12 soil samples. Bacteriological examination and the identification of Cryptococcus spp. were performed. Molecular serotyping of Cryptococcus spp. was determined by multiplex PCR using CNa-70S/A-CNb-49S/A. The virulence genes (LAC1, CAP59, and PLB1) of the identified isolates were detected by PCR. Moreover, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the C. gattii gene from horses, humans, and soil isolates found nearby were performed. Result The overall occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. in horses were 9.3, 25, and 10.7% in horses, the soil, and humans, respectively. Molecular serotyping of the Cryptococcus spp. isolates recovered from the nasal passages of horses proved that C. gattii (B), C. neoformans, and two hybrids between C. neoformans (A) and C. gattii (B) were identified. Meanwhile, in case of soil samples, the isolates were identified as C. gattii (B). The human isolates were serotyped as C. gattii in two isolates and C. neoformans in only one isolate. Molecular detection of some virulence genes (LAC1), (CAP59), and (PLB1) were identified in both C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates. The C. gattii gene amplicons of the isolates from horses, humans, and the soil were closely related. Conclusion This study provides the first insights into the Egyptian horse ecology of Cryptococcus species and highlights the role of horses as asymptomatic carriers in disseminating the potentially pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. It also presents the possible risk of cryptococcosis infection in humans.

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