scholarly journals Measles outbreak spreading from the community to an anthroposophic school, Berlin, 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GILLESBERG LASSEN ◽  
M. SCHUSTER ◽  
M. STEMMLER ◽  
A. STEINMÜLLER ◽  
D. MATYSIAK-KLOSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Day School ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Routine Childhood ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Catch Up

SUMMARYBetween April and July 2011 there was an outbreak of measles virus, genotype D4, in Berlin, Germany. We identified 73 case-patients from the community and among students of an anthroposophic school, who participated in a 4-day school trip, as well as their family and friends. Overall, 27% were aged ⩾20 years, 57% were female and 15% were hospitalized. Of 39 community case-patients, 38% were aged ⩾20 years, 67% were female and 63% required hospitalization. Unvaccinated students returning from the school trip were excluded from school, limiting transmission. Within the group of 55 school-trip participants, including 20 measles case-patients, a measles vaccine effectiveness of 97·1% (95% confidence interval 83·4–100) for two doses was estimated using exact Poisson regression. Our findings support school exclusions and the recommendation of one-dose catch-up vaccination for everyone born after 1970 with incomplete or unknown vaccination status, in addition to the two-dose routine childhood immunization recommendation.

Predicting Measles Susceptibility

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-873
Author(s):  
LORING G. DALES ◽  
JAMES CHIN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

Elsewhere in this issue, Scott et al1 present results of their study which found that the historical criteria developed by the US Public Health Service Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) for detecting students who were susceptible to measles performed very poorly in a school measles outbreak. The ACIP criteria designate as susceptible persons born since 1956 who have no documentation of immunization, who have no physician-Venified history of measles infection, who last received measles vaccine before their first birthday, or who were last immunized (at age 12 months or older) before 1968 with measles virus vaccine that could have been either live or inactivated.

scholarly journals Ongoing African measles virus genotype outbreak in Tel Aviv district since April, Israel, 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kopel ◽  
Z Amitai ◽  
M Savion ◽  
Y Aboudy ◽  
E Mendelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

A measles outbreak is affecting the Tel Aviv district, Israel, since April 2012. As of 10 September, 99 cases were confirmed, including 63 (64%) migrants of Eritrean and Sudanese origin. All genotyped cases had the African B3 genotype*. The mean age of migrant and non-migrant cases was 6.0±9.6 and 30.2±24.2 years, respectively (p<0.001). The majority of both migrant and non-migrant cases was unvaccinated. This is the second African measles B3 genotype outbreak within the World Health Organization European region in 2012.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological findings during a measles outbreak occurring in a population with high vaccination coverage

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Artimos de Oliveira ◽  
Walquíria Nascimento Soares ◽  
Marcos Olivier Dalston ◽  
Maria Teresa G.N. de Almeida ◽  
Antonio José L. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children Exposure

From March 1991 to April 1992, 250 measles suspected cases were studied in the Municipality of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro. The median age found was 11 years and 76.0% of the cases were in school age children. Exposure histories were present in 149 patients and schools were the most frequent sites of transmission (45.0%). Vaccination status was known for 127 studied cases and 76.4% of them had received measles vaccine before their first birthday. One or more complications were reported for 68 cases aitd in 8.9% of the studied cases hospitalization was required. Frequency of complications varied according to each age group studied and were more commonly encountered among children < 1 year of age (55.6%). The history of previous vaccination did not diminish the number of complications of the cases studied. The results of this work show changes in age distribution of measles leading to sizeable outbreaks among teenagers and young adults.

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak among Previously Immunized Adult Healthcare Workers, China, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
Changhong Lu ◽  
Ying Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Family

Measles is caused by measles virus belonging to genusMorbillivirusof the family Paramyxoviridae. Vaccination has played a critical role in controlling measles infection worldwide. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of measles infection still occur in many developing countries. Here, we report an outbreak of measles among healthcare workers and among the 60 measles infected patients 50 were healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, staff, and medics. Fifty-one patients (85%) tested positive for IgM antibodies against the measles virus and 50 patients (83.3%) tested positive for measles virus RNA. Surprisingly, 73.3% of the infected individuals had been previously immunized against measles. Since there is no infection division in our hospital, the fever clinics are located in the Emergency Division. In addition, the fever and rash were not recognized as measles symptoms at the beginning of the outbreak. These factors result in delay in isolation and early confirmation of the suspected patients and eventually a measles outbreak in the hospital. Our report highlights the importance of following a two-dose measles vaccine program in people including the healthcare workers. In addition, vigilant attention should be paid to medical staff with clinical fever and rash symptoms to avoid a possible nosocomial transmission of measles infection.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccine Introduction Into Routine Childhood Immunization in Kenya

JAMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Cowgill ◽  
Moses Ndiritu ◽  
Joyce Nyiro ◽  
Mary P. E. Slack ◽  
Salome Chiphatsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Routine Childhood

scholarly journals Measles virus genotype D4 strains with non-standard length M-F non-coding region circulated during the major outbreaks of 2011-2012 in Spain

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0199975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Gil ◽  
Aurora Fernández-García ◽  
María Mar Mosquera ◽  
Judith M. Hübschen ◽  
Ana M. Castellanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Virus Genotype

Measles in bone marrow transplant recipients during an outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse M. Machado ◽  
Flávio B. Gonçalves ◽  
Cláudio S. Pannuti ◽  
Frederico L. Dulley ◽  
Vanda A. U. F. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Measles Outbreak

In 1997, a measles outbreak was identified in São Paulo. Between February and December, 20 185 cases were confirmed. From April to July 1997, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted to identify the recipients of bone marrow (BM) transplants who were susceptible to measles and the occurrence of measles in this population. A total of 156 patients were screened by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Patients with IgG titers more than 100 mIU/mL were considered immune. Measles reimmunization records were also reviewed. Thirty-two vaccinated patients underwent serologic evaluation. Six of 22 patients (27.3%) within 3 years after vaccination lost measles immunity, in contrast to 7 of 10 patients (70%) vaccinated longer than 3 years previously (P = .049). Among the 122 nonvaccinated patients, 41 (33.6%) were susceptible to measles: 4 of 47 patients (8.5%) within the first year after BM transplantation (BMT), and 37 of the 75 patients (49.3%) after the first year after BMT (P &lt; .001). Eight recipients acquired measles, confirmed by serology (EIA). High-avidity IgG antibodies were observed in the acute phase of measles, suggesting a secondary immune response. Measles interstitial pneumonia was observed in one patient. Seven patients had mild symptoms. Exanthema was present in all patients. All but one patient had fever and nonproductive cough. Koplik spots could be observed in 5 patients. Measles can be mild in BM transplant recipients. Exanthema is frequently present but not often typical. Immunity to measles decreases after day +365 after BMT. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the safety of measles vaccine after the first year of BMT, mostly during outbreaks.

Measles Immunity After Revaccination: Results in Children Vaccinated Before 10 Months of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Calvin C. Linnemann ◽  
Mark S. Dine ◽  
Gary A. Roselle ◽  
P. Anne Askey
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
First Year Of Life

Measles immunity was studied in children in a private pediatric practice who had been revaccinated because they had received their primary measles vaccination before 1 year of age. Antibody was measured in 72 of these children who had received the first injection of live measles virus vaccine at &lt;10 months of age, and the second at &gt;1 year of age. Of the 72 children, 29 (40%) had no detectable antibody and the geometric mean titer for the group was approximately 1:4. Of the children with low antibody titers, 15 were given a third injection of measles vaccine and five (33%) still did not respond. Cell- mediated immunity as indicated by lymphocyte transformation to measles antigen was measured in 11 of the children. Five (45%) had responses to measles antigen, but the responses did not correlate with the presence or absence of antibody. This study confirms the observation that revaccination is unsuccessful in many children who received measles vaccine in the first year of life, and shows that even a third injection of vaccine may fail to produce a significant antibody response.

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