scholarly journals Two multistate outbreaks of a reoccurring Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strain associated with romaine lettuce ― United States, 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Waltenburg ◽  
Colin Schwensohn ◽  
Asma Madad ◽  
Sharon L. Seelman ◽  
Vi Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Romaine Lettuce

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli during Initial Contact with Cattle Colonic Explants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Zachary R. Stromberg ◽  
Rick E. Masonbrink ◽  
Melha Mellata
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Lon Protease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log2 Fold Change ◽  
Colonization Factors

Foodborne pathogens are a public health threat globally. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), particularly O26, O111, and O157 STEC, are often associated with foodborne illness in humans. To create effective preharvest interventions, it is critical to understand which factors STEC strains use to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of cattle, which serves as the reservoir for these pathogens. Several colonization factors are known, but little is understood about initial STEC colonization factors. Our objective was to identify these factors via contrasting gene expression between nonpathogenic E. coli and STEC. Colonic explants were inoculated with nonpathogenic E. coli strain MG1655 or STEC strains (O26, O111, or O157), bacterial colonization levels were determined, and RNA was isolated and sequenced. STEC strains adhered to colonic explants at numerically but not significantly higher levels compared to MG1655. After incubation with colonic explants, flagellin (fliC) was upregulated (log2 fold-change = 4.0, p < 0.0001) in O157 STEC, and collectively, Lon protease (lon) was upregulated (log2 fold-change = 3.6, p = 0.0009) in STEC strains compared to MG1655. These results demonstrate that H7 flagellum and Lon protease may play roles in early colonization and could be potential targets to reduce colonization in cattle.

scholarly journals Outbreaks attributed to fresh leafy vegetables, United States, 1973–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 3011-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. HERMAN ◽  
A. J. HALL ◽  
L. H. GOULD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Local State ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Control And Prevention

SUMMARYLeafy vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet; however, they have been associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe illnesses. We reviewed leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1973 and 2012. During the study period, 606 leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks, with 20 003 associated illnesses, 1030 hospitalizations, and 19 deaths were reported. On average, leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were larger than those attributed to other food types. The pathogens that most often caused leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were norovirus (55% of outbreaks with confirmed aetiology), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (18%), and Salmonella (11%). Most outbreaks were attributed to food prepared in a restaurant or catering facility (85%). An ill food worker was implicated as the source of contamination in 31% of outbreaks. Efforts by local, state, and federal agencies to control leafy vegetable contamination and outbreaks should span from the point of harvest to the point of preparation.

How Does Escherichia coli O157:H7 Testing in Meat Compare with What We Are Seeing Clinically?

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. K. ACHESON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is but one of a group of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that cause both intestinal disease such as bloody and nonbloody diarrhea and serious complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). While E. coli O157: H7 is the most renowned STEC, over 200 different types of STEC have been documented in meat and animals, at least 60 of which have been linked with human disease. A number of studies have suggested that non-O157 STEC are associated with clinical disease, and non-O157 STEC are present in the food supply. Non-O157 STEC, such as O111 have caused large outbreaks and HUS in the United States and other countries. The current policy in the United States is to examine ground beef for O157:H7 only, but restricting the focus to O157 will miss other important human STEC pathogens.

Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O145 Infections Associated with Romaine Lettuce Consumption, 2010‡§

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. TAYLOR ◽  
T. A. NGUYEN ◽  
K. D. MACHESKY ◽  
E. KOCH ◽  
M. J. SOTIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Outbreak Strain

Non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe illness, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC O145 is the sixth most commonly reported non-O157 STEC in the United States, although outbreaks have been infrequent. In April and May 2010, we investigated a multistate outbreak of STEC O145 infection. Confirmed cases were STEC O145 infections with isolate pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns indistinguishable from those of the outbreak strain. Probable cases were STEC O145 infections or HUS in persons who were epidemiologically linked. Case-control studies were conducted in Michigan and Ohio; food exposures were analyzed at the restaurant, menu, and ingredient level. Environmental inspections were conducted in implicated food establishments, and food samples were collected and tested. To characterize clinical findings associated with infections, we conducted a chart review for case patients who sought medical care. We identified 27 confirmed and 4 probable cases from five states. Of these, 14 (45%) were hospitalized, 3 (10%) developed HUS, and none died. Among two case-control studies conducted, illness was significantly associated with consumption of shredded romaine lettuce in Michigan (odds ratio [OR] = undefined; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to undefined) and Ohio (OR = 10.9; 95%CI = 3.1 to 40.5). Samples from an unopened bag of shredded romaine lettuce yielded the predominant outbreak strain. Of 15 case patients included in the chart review, 14 (93%) had diarrhea and abdominal cramps and 11 (73%) developed bloody diarrhea. This report documents the first foodborne outbreak of STEC O145 infections in the United States. Current surveillance efforts focus primarily on E. coli O157 infections; however, non-O157 STEC can cause similar disease and outbreaks, and efforts should be made to identify both O157 and non-O157 STEC infections. Providers should test all patients with bloody diarrhea for both non-O157 and O157 STEC.

scholarly journals Colistin Resistance mcr-1 -Gene-Bearing Escherichia coli Strain from the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Meinersmann ◽  
Scott R. Ladely ◽  
Jodie R. Plumblee ◽  
M. Carolina Hall ◽  
Sheron A. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
The World

Transmissible colistin resistance in the form of an mcr-1 -gene-bearing plasmid has been recently reported in Enterobacteriaceae in several parts of the world. We report here the completed genome sequence of an Escherichia coli strain isolated from swine in the United States that carried the mcr-1 gene on an IncI2-type plasmid.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 Associated with Romaine Lettuce Consumption, 2011

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e55300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel B. Slayton ◽  
George Turabelidze ◽  
Sarah D. Bennett ◽  
Colin A. Schwensohn ◽  
Anna Q. Yaffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Romaine Lettuce

scholarly journals Prevalence of a Gene Encoding Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence among Escherichia Coli Isolates in Pigs with Postweaning Diarrhea or Edema Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Kwon Ha ◽  
Changsun Choi ◽  
Chanhee Chae
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Edema Disease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Fimbrial Adhesins ◽  
Postweaning Diarrhea

A total of 604 Escherichia coli strains isolated from weaned pigs with diarrhea or edema disease on 653 swine farms were screened for the presence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates that carried AIDA genes were also tested by PCR for the detection of 5 fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41), 3 heat-stable (STa, STb, and EAST1) and 1 heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, and Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e) genes. Forty-five (7.5%) of the 604 E. coli isolates carried the gene for AIDA. Of these 45 isolates, 5 (11.1%) carried EAST1 genes only, 1 (2.2%) carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins, 12 (26.7%) carried genes for at least one of the toxins, and 27 (60%) carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins and toxins. Fifty-one percent of strains that carried AIDA genes carried Stx2e genes, and 40% of strains that carried AIDA genes carried F18ab. The isolation rate of enterotoxigenic E. coli strain carrying genes for AIDA was 87%, and the isolation rate of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strain carrying genes for AIDA was 49%. AIDA may represent an important virulence determinant in pigs with postweaning diarrhea or edema disease.

scholarly journals Complete Annotated Genome Sequences of Two Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains and One Atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli Strain, Isolated from Naturally Colonized Cattle of German Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Geue ◽  
Christian Menge ◽  
Christian Berens ◽  
Stefanie A. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
German Origin ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
German Cattle

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important zoonotic enteric pathogens with the main reservoir in cattle. Here, we present the genomes of two STEC strains and one atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strain from cattle origin, obtained during a longitudinal study in German cattle herds.

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