scholarly journals XXXVII. Memoir on the Eastern Branch of the River Indus, giving an Account of the Alterations produced on it by an Earthquake, also a Theory of the formation of the Runn, and some Conjectures on the Route of Alexander the Great; drawn up in the years 1827–1828

1834 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Burnes
Keyword(s):  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Sandy Desert ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Inland Lake ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
River Indus ◽  
The Government ◽  
North Western

In the north-western extremity of our Indian possessions, and under the tropic, is situated the small and sterile territory of Cutch, of importance to the government from its advanced position, but of more attraction to the student of history from its western shore being washed by the waters of the classic Indus and from its proximity to the scene of Alexander's glories. Divested, however, of these alluring enticements to enter on its history, Cutch is a country peculiarly situated. To the west it has the inconstant and ever varying Indus. To the north and east the tract called Runn, which is alternately a dry sandy desert and a muddy inland lake. To the south it has the Gulf of Cutch and the Indian Ocean, with waters receding yearly from its shores.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Dimensions of the Tsunami Evacuation Path for the Community of Air Tawar Barat Village, North Padang District, Padang City, Based on Geographic Information System (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Faisal Ashar ◽  
Iqbal Maulana Yusup ◽  
Fitra Rifwan ◽  
Laras Oktavia Adreas
Keyword(s):  
River Mouth ◽  
The West ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The North ◽  
Network Analyst ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evacuation Route

Air Tawar Barat Village is located in North Padang District, Padang City which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean in the west, so there is a risk of a tsunami disaster. The current evacuation route, which is one of the efforts to overcome the tsunami disaster, seems to be still ineffective to use because the distance that must be covered is 3-5 km in less than 30 minutes. This study aims to determine the direction of an effective evacuation route and then make a comparison with the evacuation route that has been determined by the Government. The method used is Network Analyst. The results of this study obtained 3 alternatives to make evacuation more effective. The alternative is to make access roads around Jalan Gajah to go to P-TES in the UNP area. Alternative 2 is to make P-TES in the parking lot of the Air Tawar Health Center so that people around the river mouth can evacuate faster because they are closer. Alternative 3, the community around the North Padang Police Sector can evacuate by heading to P-TES on Jalan Polonia, Air Tawar Timur Village to stay away from the beach. The three alternatives make the evacuation time to 10 minutes by heading to 26 P-TES. In addition, the evacuation map as a result of the analysis is more effective because the route has a route that is more likely to be taken by the community compared to the government evacuation map.

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Sorin Geacu
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
The West ◽  
Spreading Area ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Expansion ◽  
North Western

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania) The presence of the Red Deer in the North-western parts of Tulcea County is an example of the natural expansion of a species spreading area. In North Dobrogea, this mammal first occurred only forty years ago. The first specimens were spotted on Cocoşul Hill (on the territory of Niculiţel area) in 1970. Peak numbers (68 individuals) were registered in the spring of 1987. The deer population (67 specimens in 2007) of this county extended along 10 km from West to East and 20 km from North to South over a total of 23,000 ha (55% of which was forest land) in the East of the Măcin Mountains and in the West of the Niculiţel Plateau.

Enemies within, Enemies without: the Ideology of a Conservative West-Russianist Newspaper During World War I (1914–1915)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-103
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Bystryk
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
National Solidarity ◽  
North Western

Abstract This paper deals with the topic of conservative West-Russianist ideology and propaganda during World War I. The author analyzes the most prominent newspaper of the movement at the time – Severo-Zapadnaia Zhizn (The North-Western Life). The discourse of the newspaper is analyzed from the perspective of Belarusian nation-building, as well as from the perspective of Russian nationalism in the borderlands. The author explores the ways in which the creators of the periodical tried to use the rise of the Russian patriotic feelings to their advantage. Appealing to the heightened sense of national solidarity which took over parts of Russian society, the periodical tried to attack, delegitimize and discredit its ideological and political opponents. Besides the obvious external enemy – Germans, Severo-Zapadnaia Zhizn condemned socialists, pacifists, Jews, borderland Poles, Belarusian and Ukrainian national activists, Russian progressives and others, accusing them of disloyalty, lack of patriotism and sometimes even treason. Using nationalist loyalist rhetoric, the West-Russianist newspaper urged the imperial government to act more decisively in its campaign to end ‘alien domination’ in Russian Empire, and specifically to create conditions for domination of ‘native Russian element’ – meaning Belarusian peasantry, in the Belarusian provinces of the empire.

Art. VII.—Notes on Persian Belúchistán. From the Persian of Mirza Mehdy Khán. Published Teheran, July, 1875

1876 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
A. H. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Cool Climate

The part of Belúchistán now under Persian rule is bounded upon the north by Seistán, upon the east by Panjgúr and Kej, upon the south by the Indian Ocean, and upon the west by Núrámshír, Rúdbár, and the Báshákerd mountains.This country enjoys a variety of climates; almost unbearable heat exists on the Mekrán coast, we find a temperate climate on the hill slopes and on the slightly raised plains as at Duzek and Bampúr, and a cool climate in the mountainous districts Serhad and Bazmán. The heat at Jálq is said to be so intense in summer that the gazelles lie down exhausted in the plains, and let themselves be taken by the people without any trouble.

Middle, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sedimentary environments of the Djebel Nefusa region, northwestern Libya

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hodgkinson ◽  
Christopher D. Walley
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Fault Scarp ◽  
The West ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
The North ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature ◽  
Saharan Platform ◽  
North Western

Carbonate and clastic sediments of Jurassic and Cretaceous age are exposed along the fault-scarp of Djebel Nefusa in north-western Libya. Previous geological investigations have been mainly restricted to the eastern sector of the scarp. Recent studies by the authors in the western sector of Djebel Nefusa and on equivalent sediments in southern Tunisia have allowed the first regional interpretation of these rocks.The area studied lies geographically and geologically at the edge of the Saharan Platform, a large cratonic block, composed of rocks of Precambrian-Palaeozoic age. To the north and east lies a downfaulted sedimentary basin (Gabes-Sabratha Basin) containing a large thickness of Mesozoic sediments. The location of the sections measured along Djebel Nefusa are depicted in Fig.1.The stratigraphic nomenclature of the rock succession of Djebel Nefusa was first established in the east and continued laterally towards the west by later workers. Difficulties in the application of this nomenclature are presented by the recognition of facies changes previously overlooked by earlier investigators. However, as a framework for understanding these changes and the sedimentary processes which caused them, the stratigraphy erected by Magnier (1963) is adopted.

scholarly journals Identification of a Marine Green Alga Percursaria percursa from Hypersaline Springs in the Middle of the North American Continent

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Londry ◽  
Pascal H. Badiou ◽  
Stephen E. Grasby
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
Dominant Member ◽  
Hypersaline Springs ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western

The chlorophycean alga Percursaria percursa (Ulvaceae, Ulvales, Chlorophyceae), typical of marine inter-tidal zones, is reported for the first time from hypersaline springs located along the north-western shore of Lake Winnipegosis in Manitoba. Although not usually found inland, P. percursa is the dominant member of microbial mat communities that thrive in shallow pools at the outlets of hypersaline springs.

scholarly journals Art. XX.—An Account of the Country of Sindh; with Remarks on the State of Society, the Government, Manners, and Customs of the People

1834 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M‘Murdo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
The State ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
River Indus ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Universe

The author of the Tohfat-al-Giráni states, that “the country of Sindh takes its name from Sind, the brother of Hind, the son of Noah. It is reckoned the forty-third of the sixty-one countries of the universe. The line of the second climate passes, from the north, directly through its centre; and although Sindh is situated in the five first climates, it nevertheless chiefly appertains to the second, and, consequently, lies in the region of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.” It would be difficult to discover where the author quoted has found these grandsons of the patriarch; indeed, as is usual in such genealogies, they are probably altogether imaginary. The Hindú writings may, perhaps, afford some more satisfactory explanation of the name; but I have not been so fortunate as to meet with it. As far as I can learn from such sources, this country was called Sindhúdès, or “the country of the ocean,” alluding doubtless to the river Indus, which receives that dignified appellation in their sacred writings. The same authorities also state Sindh to have been governed by a Xhuthi, named Jayadrat'ha, who was slain in the civil wars of the Pandús; and it has, in consequence, sometimes received the name of Jayadrat'hadès, after that chieftain.

scholarly journals Evaporation Of Snow and Ice In Scharffenbergbotnen, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Jonsson ◽  
Per Holmlund
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ablation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
North Western

Scharffenbergbotnen is a 3 × 6 km large basin of interior ice drainage on the north-western side of Heimefrontfjella in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The elevation at the bottom of the depression is 1142 m a.s.l., while bedrock immediately to the south-east of this point rises to more than 2750 m. Ice enters the basin mainly from a low ice divide (1250 m a.s.l.) in the west but also through a 400 m high icefall in the east. Two separate blue-ice areas constitute approximately half the surface of the basin, while the other half is snow-covered. As part of SWEDARP (Swedish Antarctic Research Programme) 1988 a research project to study the origin and mass balance of this basin has been initiated. A net of 28 stakes has been established for studies of ablation and ice movement (Fig. 1). The ice thickness was measured by radio-echo sounding (Fig. 2) and particular care was devoted to get the correct ice depths at the entrance to the basin. The ice thickness along a central section of the basin varied from 1000 m in the west to 400 m at the bottom of the depression. In order to explain the ablation two automatic weather stations (Aanderaa 2700) were operated during the field season (mid-January to mid-February 1988). One was placed in the bottom of the depression, the other 13 km to the west in an area where a small net accumulation took place during the field season. The latter station should record “normal” weather. Sensors registering wind speed, wind gust, wind direction, incoming solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity were installed at both weather stations, while reflected solar radiation, net radiation and air pressure were measured only at Scharffenbergbotnen. All sensors except the air pressure sensor were placed 270 cm above the ground, and all were read every 10 minutes. Ablation measurements were carried out between 16 January and 18 February on 24 of the stakes. 12 of these stakes were standing in snow. All but one recorded ablation and, as no signs of melting could be seen, all ablation must be due to evaporation and perhaps for the snowy areas some wind erosion. The average ablation rate for the whole field season was 0.7 mm w.eq. per day with a standard deviation of 0.3. Stakes in blue ice showed slightly higher values than those in snow. For January, when air temperatures always were above −10°C, the average ablation rate was 1.2 mm w.eq. per day. A regional difference in ablation rate across the depression was also measurable. Maximum ablation took place immediately below the arête forming the north-eastern boundary of the basin and diminished towards south-west. Below the arête the ablation rate was above 1 mm w.eq. per day for the whole field season and more than 2 mm w.eq. per day during January. A comparison of weather data between the two stations showed the following main differences. In the depression the temperature showed no daily variation and relative humidity varied between 40 and 60%. The weather at the other station was characterised by colder nights and weaker winds as well as by a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. The reason for the regional variation in ablation can be explained by almost constant easterly winds during January and the drop in altitude (between 300 and 500 m) along the north-western arête. On 11 February 1988 the weather station at Scharffenbergbotnen was converted into a system for satellite (Argos) transmission of weather data to Europe. The transmission seems to have been successful but the data are not yet processed. At present (January 1989) one of us is remeasuring the stakes (ablation and ice movement) during SWEDARP 1989. Preliminary results sent by radio point towards a yearly net ablation rate of 120 mm w.eq. for the blue-ice area in the bottom of the depression. 25% of the ablation took place during the field season 1988, but 75% has evaporated between 18 February 1988 and mid-January 1989. Probably most of the evaporation took place during December 1988 and January 1989, which means a very high daily evaporation rate (2.5 mm w.eq. per day).

First occurrence of the moray eel Gymnothorax prolatus Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991 (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the northern Indian Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Mohapatra ◽  
Dipanjan Ray ◽  
David G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western ◽  
Moray Eel

Gymnothorax prolatusis recorded for the first time from the Indian Ocean on the basis of four specimens collected in the Bay of Bengal off India and one from the Arabian Sea off Pakistan. These records extend the range of the species from Taiwan to the north-western Indian Ocean.

Art. VII.—Account of the Province of Rámnád, Southern Peninsula of India. Compiled from the “Mackenzie Collection,” and edited by the Secretary to the Royal Asiatic Society

1836 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-188
Keyword(s):  
General Aspect ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Asiatic Society ◽  
The North ◽  
Artificial Lakes ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Government ◽  
Royal Asiatic Society ◽  
North Latitude

This province, the government of which is now administered by the British, formed in ancient times the greater part of the principality, or fiefship, of the Sétu-pattis, the chiefs or guardians of the passage leading from the continent of India to the island of Ráméswara, and thence to the opposite coast of Ceylon, called Ráma's Bridge, or Adam's Bridge. These chieftains, dating their authority from the period of the establishment of a place of pilgrimage on the island of Ráméswara, by the Great Ráma, claim an antiquity even higher than that of the Pándyans, or kings of Madura, but to whom, it would appear, that they were, in general, tributary, though now and then asserting and maintaining their independence. Of their history, however, we are not now to speak, but of the province as it was in the year 1814, when the data were taken from which chiefly the following account is compiled. It lies between the ninth and tenth degrees of north latitude, and the seventy-eighth and seventy-ninth of east longitude; is bounded on the north by the provinces of Tanjore and Pudukotta, on the south and east by the sea, and on the west by the districts of Tinnevelly, Madura, and Sivaganga; and comprehends an area of nearly two thousand five hundred square miles. Its general aspect is that of high and low lands, the latter having numerous artificial lakes, constructed for the purpose of promoting cultivation; the former exhibiting a variety of dry grain-fields, while the northern districts abound with extensive groves of Palmyra trees, with scarcely a vestige of jungle. The whole is divided into seventeen districts, comprising one thousand six hundred and sixtyeight towns and principal and subordinate villages, with a population, at the period to which we allude, of about one hundred and fifty-seven thousand.

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