Variation and change in Chinese Korean: The case of vowel /y/

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua Jin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Dialect Contact

AbstractThis study investigates the current status of the vowel /y/, a phoneme that has undergone complete diphthongization to [wi] in Seoul Korean (Choo & O'Grady, 2003; Kang, 1997; Kim, 1988; Martin, 1992), in Chinese Korean. Set in the context of language and dialect contact, where Chinese language and different local/supralocal Korean norms all come into play, especially when the closed local social network no longer exists, Chinese Korean develops unique patterns of variation for underlying /y/, patterns heretofore unreported in the studies of other Korean varieties. Chinese Korean provides a case in point toward the explanation for how effects exerted by linguistic and social factors within a speech community may alter the diffusion of a change with origins outside the local network.

Modeling the speech community: Configuration and variable types in the Mexican Spanish setting

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Santa Ana ◽  
Claudia Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Contact Dynamics ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Local Configuration ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a comprehensive model of the SPEECH COMMUNITY in sociolinguistics that reworks Labov's model, which has been criticized as being restrictive. Fieldork in non-metropolitan Mexico demonstrates the utility of our model, which can be applied across both urban and non-urban domains. It is compatible with the Milroys' central mechanism for the description of individual speech usage and group cohesion or susceptibility to change in terms of the social network. Based on linguistic variable types, this model has a hierarchy of four nested fields (speech community configurations) into which each individual is placed, according to his/her demonstrated recognition of the social evaluation associated with the variables. At the most local configuration, speakers demonstrate no knowledge of generally stigmatized variables; in the second, speakers register an awareness of stigmatized variables; in the third, an awareness of stigmatized and regional variables; and in the fourth, speakers model standard variants over regional ones. This model classifies the kinds of sociolinguistic variables that are pertinent in this social setting and also provides a structured manner for dealing with dialect contact dynamics. (Speech community, social network, Spanish, Mexico, dialect, diffusion, variables.)

scholarly journals Spanish communication academia: Scientific productivity vs. Social activity

Comunicar ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Casanueva-Rocha ◽  
Francisco-Javier Caro-González
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
International Scope ◽  
The Social ◽  
La Red ◽  
The Impact

At a time when academic activity in the area of communication is principally assessed by the impact of scientific journals, the scientific media and the scientific productivity of researchers, the question arises as to whether social factors condition scientific activity as much as these objective elements. This investigation analyzes the influence of scientific productivity and social activity in the area of communication. We identify a social network of researchers from a compilation of doctoral theses in communication and calculate the scientific production of 180 of the most active researchers who sit on doctoral committees. Social network analysis is then used to study the relations that are formed on these doctoral thesis committees. The results suggest that social factors, rather than individual scientific productivity, positively influence such a key academic and scientific activity as the award of doctoral degrees. Our conclusions point to a disconnection between scientific productivity and the international scope of researchers and their role in the social network. Nevertheless, the consequences of this situation are tempered by the nonhierarchical structure of relations between communication scientists. En un momento en que la actividad académica en el ámbito de la comunicación se valora principalmente por el impacto de las revistas y los medios de comunicación científica y por la productividad de los investigadores, surge la cuestión de si los factores sociales pueden condicionar la actividad científica con la misma fuerza que estos elementos objetivos. Esta investigación analiza la influencia de la productividad científica y de la actividad social en el ámbito de la comunicación. Se ha identificado la red social de los investigadores de comunicación a partir de las tesis doctorales. Para los 180 investigadores más activos en los tribunales de tesis se ha calculado su producción científica. Se utiliza el análisis de redes sociales para estudiar las relaciones que se producen en los tribunales de tesis doctorales. Los resultados muestran que los factores sociales influyen positivamente en una actividad académica y científica tan relevante como la obtención del grado de doctor, mientras que la productividad científica individual no lo hace. Como conclusiones cabe señalar que existe una desconexión entre la productividad científica y la proyección internacional de los investigadores y su papel en la red social. Las implicaciones de este hecho están matizadas por una estructura no jerarquizada de las relaciones entre los científicos de comunicación.

scholarly journals Dialect divergence and convergence in New Zealand English

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Babel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Implicit Association Task ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Phonetic Convergence ◽  
English Dialect ◽  
Influence Degree ◽  
Social Biases

AbstractRecent research has been concerned with whether speech accommodation is an automatic process or determined by social factors (e.g. Trudgill 2008). This paper investigates phonetic accommodation in New Zealand English when speakers of NZE are responding to an Australian talker in a speech production task. NZ participants were randomly assigned to either a Positive or Negative group, where they were either flattered or insulted by the Australian. Overall, the NZE speakers accommodated to the speech of the AuE speaker. The flattery/insult manipulation did not influence degree of accommodation, but accommodation was predicted by participants' scores on an Implicit Association Task that measured Australia and New Zealand biases. Participants who scored with a pro-Australia bias were more likely to accommodate to the speech of the AuE speaker. Social biases about how a participant feels about a speaker predicted the extent of accommodation. These biases are, crucially, simultaneously automatic and social. (Speech accommodation, phonetic convergence, New Zealand English, dialect contact)*

Motif Analysis and the Periodic Structural Changes in an Organizational Email-Based Social Network

2011 ◽  
pp. 292-302
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Juszczyszyn ◽  
Katarzyna Musial
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
E Mail

Network motifs are small subgraphs that reflect local network topology and were shown to be useful for creating profiles that reveal several properties of the network. In this work the motif analysis of the e-mail network of the Wroclaw University of Technology, consisting of over 4000 nodes was conducted. Temporal changes in the network structure during the period of 20 months were analysed and the correlations between global structural parameters of the network and motif distribution were found. These results are to be used in the development of methods dedicated for fast estimating of the properties of complex internet-based social networks.

scholarly journals Language Contact and Morphosyntactic Complexity: Evidence from German

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Maitz ◽  
Attila Németh
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Corpus Data

The article focuses on the hypothesis that the structural complexity of languages is variable and historically changeable. By means of a quantitative statistical analysis of naturalistic corpus data, the question is raised as to what role language contact and adult second language acquisition play in the simplification and complexification of language varieties. The results confirm that there is a significant correlation between intensity of contact and linguistic complexity, while at the same time showing that there is a need to consider other social factors, and, in particular, the attitude of a speech community toward linguistic norms.*

scholarly journals Livonian social networks and language shift

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Network Centrality ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
In The Beginning

This article presents a study of Livonian social networks in the beginning of the 20th century during a time of language shift. In this study, I examine whether the Livonian communities were experiencing a language shift irrespective of the population displacements during the two World Wars, which has often been given as the main reason for the Livonian language shift to Latvian. I apply the Network Strength Scale to examine if social network centrality played a role in the language shift. The study focuses on the Livonian villages of Vaid and Sīkrõg and social factors relevant to the mapping of the social network are taken from Edgar Vaalgamaa’s survey in 1935–1937. The results indicate that generational differences played a more important role than centrality in the social network in determining Latvian influence.Kokkuvõte. Patrick O’Rourke: Liivi keele sotsiaalsed võrgustikud ja keele vahetus. Artikkel tutvustab uurimust Kuramaa liivlaste sotsiaalsetest võrgustikest 20. sajandi esimesel poolel, kui keelevahetus liivi keelelt läti keelele oli juba alanud. Autor vaatleb, kuivõrd liivi kogukondades sõltus keelevahetus kahe maailmasõja aegsest elanikkonna deporteerimisest, mida on tavaliselt peetud keelevahetuse põhjuseks. Rakendatakse suhtlusvõrgustike tugevuse analüüsi, et selgitada, kas isiku keskne asend sotsiaalses võrgustikus oli keelevahetuse jaoks oluline. Uurimus keskendub liivi küladele Vaid ja Sīkrõg. Sotsiaalsete võrgustike kaardistamiseks on valitud olulised tegurid Edgar Vaalgamaa poolt aastatel 1935–1937 läbi viidud küsitluse põhjal. Tulemused näitavad, et läti keele mõju ulatus sõltub rohkem põlvkondlikest erinevustest kui isiku asendist sotsiaalses võrgustikus. Artikkel põhineb autori magistritööl, mis on kaitstud 2016. aastal Yorki Ülikoolis.Märksõnad: ajalooline lingvistika, sotsiolingvistika, sotsiaalsed võrgustikud, keelevahetus, liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Patrick O’Rourke: Līvõ kīel sotsiālizt võrgõd ja kīel vaidimi. Kēra tuņšlõb Kurāmō līvõd sotsiāliži võrgidi 20. āigastsadā ežmizõs pūolsõ, ku vȯļ irgõn līvõ kīel vaidimi lețkīelkõks. Kēratiji vaņțlõb, kui ulzõ ajjimi kōd mōilmasuodā āigal mȯjīz kīel vaidimiz līvõd kubgõņis. Sīe pierāst um kõlbātõd rovst võrgõd viššit analīz. Analīz abkõks um seļțõd, või se, ku rištīngõn um vȯnd sidāmi kūož sotsiālizt võrgõd sizāl, um vȯnd ka tǟdzi kīel vaidimiz āigal. Tuņšlimizõs amā jemīņ ātõ vaņțõltõd līvõd kilād Vaid ja Sīkrõg. Sotsiālizt võrgõd tǟtimiz pierāst um kȭlbatõd Edgar Vālgamō 1935.–1937. āigast tīedõd rovkizzimi. Tuņšlimi nägțõb, ku lețkīel mȯjjimi jemīņ um sidtõd sugkazāmõks, äbku rištīng kūožõks sotsiālizt võrgõd sizāl. Kēra alīzõks um kēratijiz magistõrtīe, mis um kaitstõd 2016. āigasts York Iļīzskūols.

Navigating the Advent of Human-Machine Teaming

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Brill ◽  
M. L. Cummings ◽  
A.W. Evans ◽  
Peter A. Hancock ◽  
Joseph B. Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Session Time ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Bill Evans

The objective of this panel was to discuss issues related to human-machine (or human-agent) teaming (HMT). Panelists were selected to represent diverse interests and backgrounds (i.e., defense, industry, and academia). Chris Brill provided opening remarks to frame the discussion and introduce the panelists. He then raised several questions related to HMT, such as what is HMT, what level of autonomy is required for HMT, and how do we develop trust in autonomous teammates that learn, change, and potentially, individuate. Missy Cummings built on the issue of learning systems, addressing challenges of certifying systems that, as a function of learning, may cease to be known quantities. Bill Evans spoke to the need for transparency in human-agent teaming. Joseph Lyons addressed social factors in HMT. Peter Hancock detailed his concerns about whether forays into HMT are even advisable, particularly as doing so may lead to dehumanization, or worse, volitional demotion of humans from our current status as apex lifeforms on Earth. Lastly, Kevin Oden expanded the discussion of trust in autonomous systems, while also providing thoughts on how to best leverage human capabilities in the context of HMT. The panel then turned to facilitated discussion with panelists and audience members, constituting the majority of the session time. The session concluded with panelists summarizing their thoughts on how HF/E professionals can or should play a role in the advent of HMT.

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