Childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial conduct problems in males: Natural history from ages 3 to 18 years

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Nigel Dickson ◽  
Phil Silva ◽  
Warren Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
Antisocial Conduct ◽  
Life Course Persistent ◽  
Report Data

AbstractWe report data that support the distinction between childhood-onset and adolescent-onset type conduct problems. Natural histories are described from a representative birth cohort of 457 males studied longitudinally from age 3 to 18 years. Childhood- and adolescent-onset cases differed on temperament as early as age 3 years, but almost half of childhood-onset cases did not become seriously delinquent. Type comparisons were consistent with our contention that males whose antisocial behavior follows a life-course-persistent path differ from males who follow an adolescence-limited path. As adolescents, the two types differed on convictions for violent crime, personality profiles, school leaving, and bonds to family. These differences can be attributed to developmental history because the two groups were well matched on measures of antisocial conduct at age 18 years: parent-reports, self-reports, and adjudication records. By age 18 years, many conduct-problem boys had encountered factors that could ensnare them in an antisocial future: substance dependence, unsafe sex, dangerous driving habits, delinquent friends, delinquent perceptions, and unemployment. Implications for theory, research design, prevention, and therapeutic treatment of conduct problems are highlighted.

Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRIE E. MOFFITT ◽  
AVSHALOM CASPI ◽  
HONALEE HARRINGTON ◽  
BARRY J. MILNE
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Life Course Persistent

This article reports a comparison on outcomes of 26-year-old males who were defined several years ago in the Dunedin longitudinal study as exhibiting childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial behavior and who were indistinguishable on delinquent offending in adolescence. Previous studies of these groups in childhood and adolescence showed that childhood-onset delinquents had inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems, undercontrolled temperament, severe hyperactivity, psychopathic personality traits, and violent behavior. Adolescent-onset delinquents were not distinguished by these features. Here followed to age 26 years, the childhood-onset delinquents were the most elevated on psychopathic personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, numbers of children, financial problems, work problems, and drug-related and violent crime, including violence against women and children. The adolescent-onset delinquents at 26 years were less extreme but elevated on impulsive personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, financial problems, and property offenses. A third group of men who had been aggressive as children but not very delinquent as adolescents emerged as low-level chronic offenders who were anxious, depressed, socially isolated, and had financial and work problems. These findings support the theory of life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior but also extend it. Findings recommend intervention with all aggressive children and with all delinquent adolescents, to prevent a variety of maladjustments in adult life.

scholarly journals Interaction matters: Quantifying Conduct Problem × Depressive Symptoms interaction and its association with adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in a national sample

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1029-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Maslowsky ◽  
John E. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Monitoring The Future

AbstractSubstance use is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among American adolescents. Conduct problems and depressive symptoms have each been found to be associated with adolescent substance use. Although they are highly comorbid, the role of the interaction of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in substance use is not clear. In national samples of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students from the Monitoring the Future study, latent moderated structural equation modeling was used to estimate the association of conduct problems, depressive symptoms, and their interaction to the use of alcohol (including binge drinking), cigarettes, and marijuana. Moderation by age and sex was tested. The interaction of conduct problems with depressive symptoms was a strong predictor of substance use, particularly among younger adolescents. With few exceptions, adolescents with high levels of both conduct problems and depressive symptoms used substances most frequently. Conduct problems were a strong positive predictor of substance use, and depressive symptoms were a weak positive predictor. Whereas conduct problems are often thought to be a primary predictor of substance use, this study revealed that depressive symptoms potentiate the relation of conduct problems to substance use. Therefore, substance use prevention efforts should target both depressive symptoms and conduct problems.

scholarly journals Is It Important to Prevent Early Exposure to Drugs and Alcohol Among Adolescents?

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice L. Odgers ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Daniel S. Nagin ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Exposure to alcohol and illicit drugs during early adolescence has been associated with poor outcomes in adulthood. However, many adolescents with exposure to these substances also have a history of conduct problems, which raises the question of whether early exposure to alcohol and drugs leads to poor outcomes only for those adolescents who are already at risk. In a 30-year prospective study, we tested whether there was evidence that early substance exposure can be a causal factor for adolescents' future lives. After propensity-score matching, early-exposed adolescents remained at an increased risk for a number of poor outcomes. Approximately 50% of adolescents exposed to alcohol and illicit drugs prior to age 15 had no conduct-problem history, yet were still at an increased risk for adult substance dependence, herpes infection, early pregnancy, and crime. Efforts to reduce or delay early substance exposure may prevent a wide range of adult health problems and should not be restricted to adolescents who are already at risk.

scholarly journals Associations between developmental timing of child abuse and conduct problem trajectories in a UK birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Graeme Fairchild ◽  
Sarah L. Halligan
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Background Although there is strong evidence for a relationship between child abuse and neglect and conduct problems, associations between child abuse experienced at different developmental stages and developmental trajectories of conduct problems have not been examined. We sought to investigate effects of timing of child abuse on conduct problem trajectories in a large UK birth cohort study. Methods We applied latent class growth analysis to identify conduct problem trajectories in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, using parent-rated conduct problems from ages 4-17 years (N=10648). Childhood-only and adolescence-only abuse, in addition to abuse in both developmental periods (‘persistent’ abuse), were assessed by retrospective self-report at age 22 years (N=3172). Results We identified four developmental trajectories: early-onset persistent (4.8%), adolescence-onset (4.5%), childhood-limited (15.4%), and low (75.3%) conduct problems. Childhood-only abuse and ‘persistent’ abuse were associated with increased odds of being on the early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problem trajectories compared to the low conduct problems trajectory. Adolescence-only abuse was not predictive of trajectory membership. There were no associations between abuse and childhood-limited trajectory membership.Conclusions Early-onset persistent and adolescence-onset conduct problems showed similar patterns of association with abuse exposure, challenging developmental theories that propose qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, differences in environmental risk factors between these trajectories. The results also highlight that childhood-only and ‘persistent’ abuse were more strongly linked to elevated conduct problem trajectories than adolescence-only abuse, and that ‘persistent’ abuse is particularly detrimental.

scholarly journals Pre-school hyperactivity/attention problems and educational outcomes in adolescence: prospective longitudinal study

2013 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Washbrook ◽  
Carol Propper ◽  
Kapil Sayal
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundHigh levels of attentional and hyperactivity problems in school-aged children, even if subthreshold for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are associated with academic under-achievement. Few large-scale, community-based studies have investigated the relationship between pre-school and adolescence.AimsTo investigate whether pre-school hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems are independently associated with academic outcomes at age 16.MethodData from the prospective, population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used. After adjusting for a broad range of confounder variables, the associations between parent-rated hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems measured at age 3 and academic outcomes at age 16 (national General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination results) were investigated (n = 11640).ResultsBoth early hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems had negative effects on academic outcomes. In adjusted analyses, abnormal hyperactivity/inattention scores were associated with reductions of ten GCSE points in boys. Borderline and abnormal conduct problem scores were associated with reductions of 9–10 and 12–15 points respectively.ConclusionsPre-school hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems carry risk of worse academic outcomes at 16.

scholarly journals The Mothering of Conduct Problem and Normal Children in Spain and the USA: Authoritarian and Permissive Asynchrony

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wahler ◽  
M. Angeles Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Usa

Ninety-two clinic-referred and nonclinical mother-child dyads in Spain and the USA were observed in their home settings under naturalistic conditions for a total of 477 hours. Children in the clinic-referred dyads were considered troubled because of conduct problems. The observations were aimed at assessing two forms of mother-child asynchrony, either of which was expected to differentiate clinic referred from nonclinical dyads. Authoritarian asynchrony was defined as a mother's indiscriminate use of aversive reactions to her child, whereas the permissive form entailed indiscriminate positive reactions. Results showed the American mothers to generate more permissive asynchrony, whereas the Spanish mothers were inclined in the authoritarian direction. Only authoritarian asynchrony differentiated the clinical versus nonclinical dyads in each country. Discussion was centered on the greater salience of aversive as opposed to positive maternal attention, and cultural differences between countries that might have accounted for the different parenting styles.

scholarly journals Developmental pathways from childhood conduct problems to early adult depression: findings from the ALSPAC cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris Stringaris ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Barbara Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Childhood Conduct Problems ◽  
History Of

BackgroundPathways from early-life conduct problems to young adult depression remain poorly understood.AimsTo test developmental pathways from early-life conduct problems to depression at age 18.MethodData (n= 3542) came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Previously derived conduct problem trajectories (ages 4–13 years) were used to examine associations with depression from ages 10 to 18 years, and the role of early childhood factors as potential confounders.ResultsOver 43% of young adults with depression in the ALSPAC cohort had a history of child or adolescent conduct problems, yielding a population attributable fraction of 0.15 (95% CI 0.08–0.22). The association between conduct problems and depression at age 18 was considerable even after adjusting for prior depression (odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.24–1.94). Early-onset persistent conduct problems carried the highest risk for later depression. Irritability characterised depression for those with a history of conduct problems.ConclusionsEarly-life conduct problems are robustly associated with later depressive disorder and may be useful targets for early intervention.

scholarly journals Comparing styles of parent-child conversation: The influence on children's conduct problems and emotion knowledge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Emotion Knowledge ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Problem Severity ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Parent Management

<p>This preliminary study conducted across Canberra and Wellington was the first to compare the effectiveness of two styles of maternal-reminiscing as an adjunct to Parent Management Training (PMT) for mothers of children ranging from four to eight-years-old (M = 63.1, SD = 14.4 months) with conduct problems. This was a manualised six session intervention. Parents in both conditions received PMT. Parents were asked to reminisce with their child about shared events using their allocated style of maternal reminiscing. The W-D-E condition drew on research by Van Bergen, Salmon, Dadds, and Allen (2009) which encouraged mothers to use 'wh' questions and detailed descriptive information about the even. The R-U-S style extended on the research by Ensor and Hughes (2008) in which mothers were encouraged to be responsive and allow their child to lead the conversation. Both conditions placed a direct focus on discussing emotion, including labels, behaviours, causes and consequences of emotion. As expected, both condition showed a significant decrease in conduct problem severity and a significant increase in aspects of children‟s emotion knowledge between pre- and immediately post-intervention. However, there were no significant differences between conditions with respect to children‟s conduct problems severity and emotion knowledge. Given that the literature supports a link between deficits in emotion knowledge and children‟s conduct problems, and that parental discussion of emotion supports children‟s developing socioemotional development, the current preliminary study extends on the work by Salmon, Dadds, Allen, and Hawes (2009) in which efforts are being made to integrate emotion components with PMT.</p>

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